Emerald Lingam Emerald Lingam Emerald Lingams are established in many Hindu Temples in Tamil nadu. Emerald (Tamil: மரகதம்)is a variety of the mineral beryl (BeAl(SiO)) colored green by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium. The hardness of Beryl is 7.5–8 on the 10 point Mohs scale of mineral hardness. The toughness (resistance to breakage)of Emerald is classified as generally poor, hence most emeralds are highly included. Emerald is a green gemstone. Emerald means the shade of green color. Because of its green color, the term Emerald is employed. Emerald is also associated with the eighth planet Mercury in the Solar System.
History of manifolds and varieties spaces with a differentiable or topological structure, while "variety" refers to spaces with an algebraic structure, as in algebraic varieties. In Romance languages, manifold is translated as "variety" – such spaces with a differentiable structure are literally translated as "analytic varieties", while spaces with an algebraic structure are called "algebraic varieties". Thus for example, the french word "" means topological manifold. In the same vein, the Japanese word "" (tayōtai) also encompasses both manifold and variety. ("" (tayō) means various.) Ancestral to the modern concept of a manifold were several important results of 18th and 19th century mathematics. The oldest