Volcanic plateau up by foundering of the Earth's crust to form the present ocean basin. The Earth features numerous subaerial and submarine volcanic plateaus such as the Columbia River Plateau (subaerial) and the vast Ontong Java Plateau (submarine). Pyroclastic plateaus are produced by massive pyroclastic flows and they are underlain by pyroclastic rocks: agglomerates, tephra, volcanic ashes cemented into tuffs, mafic or felsic. Examples include Shirasu-Daichi which covers almost all of Southern Kyūshū, Japan and the North Island Volcanic Plateau in New Zealand. Volcanic plateau A volcanic plateau is a plateau produced by volcanic activity. There are two main types: lava plateaus
Archean felsic volcanic rocks from 62 to 78 wt% in rock. In terms of mineralogy, the felsic volcanic rocks are rich in feldspar and quartz. A typical mineral assemblage is quartz + feldspar (albite/oligoclase) + amphibole (chlorite) + micas (biotite and/or muscovite). The mineralogy seems similar with modern rhyolites and dacites. The volcanics are aphanitic, whereas some exhibits porphyritic texture that certain larger minerals (phenocrysts) are visible by eyes. Felsic volcanic rocks also include felsic tuff that was formed when tephra was consolidated. Tuff is composed of volcanic ash, glass shards and lithic fragments. Reported eutaxitic tuff from Superior Province, Canada (Figure 3), contains