Gendai budō Gendai budō , literal meaning "modern budo", or , literally meaning "new budo" are both terms referring to modern Japanese martial arts, which were established after the Meiji Restoration (1866–1869). Koryū are the opposite of these terms referring to ancient martial arts established before the Meiji Restoration. Any martial art created after the Meiji Restoration of 1868 is Gendai Budo. Koryu Budo are schools of budo that predate 1868. Some examples of Gendai budō are aikido, judo, karate and shorinji kempo. The Japanese art of sumo is often defined as a gendai budō. This definition is incorrect as sumo is
Muda (Japanese term) Muda (Japanese term) From an end-customer's point of view, value-added work is any activity that produces goods or provides a service for which a customer is willing to pay; "muda" is any constraint or impediment that causes waste to occur. There are two types of muda: One of the key steps in lean process and TPS is to identify which activities add value and which do not, then to progressively work to improve or eliminate them. Taiichi Ohno, "father" of the Toyota Production System, originally identified seven forms of "muda" or waste: Later, an eighth waste, unused skills, was added.