Nuclear binding energy Only under conditions of extreme pressure and temperature (for example, within the core of a star), can such a process take place. There are around 94 naturally occurring elements on earth. The atoms of each element have a nucleus containing a specific number of protons (always the same number for a given element), and some number of neutrons, which is often roughly a similar number. Two atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons are known as isotopes of the element. Different isotopes may have different properties - for example one might be stable and another might be
Atomic spacing frequency through the material, and using the laws of diffraction to determine its atomic spacing. Bond length can be determined between different elements in molecules by using the atomic radii of the atom. Carbon bonds with itself to form two covalent network solids. Diamond's C-C bond has a distance of 0.142 nm away from each carbon, while graphite's C-C bond has a distance of 0.341 nm away from each carbon. Although both bonds are between the same pair of elements they can still have different bond length. Atomic spacing Atomic spacing refers to the distance between the nuclei of atoms