Fondant icing a supersaturated solution until nucleation occurs. While the solution is supersaturated, if a cook puts a seed crystal (undissolved sucrose) into the mix, or agitates the solution, the dissolved sucrose crystallizes to form large, crunchy crystals (which is how rock candy is made). However, if the cook lets the solution cool undisturbed and then stirs it vigorously, it forms many tiny crystals, resulting in a smooth-textured fondant. Fondant icing Fondant icing, also commonly referred to simply as fondant (, ), is an icing used to decorate or sculpt cakes and pastries. It is made from sugar, water, gelatin, butter, and
Graphene foam A physically flexible battery was created using the foam for electrodes. The anode was made by coating the foam with a lithium-titanium compound () and the cathode by coating the foam with . Both electrodes were lightweight and their large surface area provided high energy density of 110 Wh/kg, comparable to commercial batteries. Power density was much greater than a typical battery. At a rate that completely discharged the material in 18 seconds, power delivered was 80 percent of what it produced during an hour-long discharge. Performance remained stable through 500 charge/discharge cycles. In 2017 researchers used carbon nanotubes to