Caruncle (bird anatomy) Caruncle (bird anatomy) A caruncle is defined as 'a small, fleshy excrescence that is a normal part of an animal's anatomy'. Within this definition, caruncles in birds include wattles (or dewlaps), snoods, and earlobes. The term caruncle is derived from Latin 'caruncula', the diminutive of 'carō', flesh. Caruncles are carnosities, often of bright colors such as red, blue, yellow or white. They can be present on the head, neck, throat, cheeks or around the eyes of some birds. They may be present as combs or crests and other structures near the beak, or, hanging from the throat or neck. Caruncles
Anthropometry of the upper arm mm gradation. The measurement is taken with the person standing upright, with arms hanging down loosely. The skin fold is pulled away from the muscle and measured with the calipers, taking a reading 4 seconds after the calipers have been released. The measuring point is halfway between the olecranon process of the ulna and the acromion process of the scapula. The mid-upper arm circumference is the circumference of the upper arm at that same midpoint, measured with a non-stretchable tape measure or 3D printable bands. The derived anthropometric measures include the mid-upper arm muscle area (MUAMA), the upper arm fat