Spandau Citadel, built in 1594, the 1848 St. Marien am Behnitz Catholic church designed by August Soller, and Spandau arsenal, Germany's arms development center until 1919, now a museum. That arsenal's Spandau machine gun inspired the slang "Spandau Ballet" to describe dying soldiers on barbed wire during the First World War, and later was applied to the appearance of Nazi war criminals hanged at Spandau Prison. The notorious prison, built in 1876, held Nazi war criminals after World War II until 1987, when it was demolished after the death of the last surviving prisoner, Rudolf Hess. In 1979, the English New
Spandau Arsenal government small arms production through the Second Industrial Revolution until the arsenal was demilitarized by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Following demilitarization, arsenal machinery was used for manufacture of civilian goods by the state owned conglomerate "Deutsche Werke AG." By the 1930s, the arsenal became a laboratory for development of organophosphate insecticides. The citadel became a museum following World War II. Weapons manufactured at Spandau included: Spandau Arsenal Spandau Arsenal was the center for development of military small arms for Imperial Germany from the Industrial Revolution until 1919. Spandau engineered and tested improved infantry weapons. The Royal Prussian Rifle