Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń after the creation of the Nicolaus Copernicus University) that prof. Karol Gorski revealed that before the outbreak of World War II there was an approved plan to open Poznań University long-distance division in Toruń in 1940, to teach the humanities and theology. In 2017, Times Higher Education ranked the university within the 801-1000 band globally. Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (, UMK) is located in Toruń, Poland. It was named after Nicolaus Copernicus who was born in this town in 1473. The first institution of higher education in Torun, the Toruń Academic Gymnasium was founded
Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot The text of part of an earlier version of this article was taken from the public domain resource "A Short Account of the History of Mathematics" by W. W. Rouse Ball (4th Edition, 1908) Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (; 1 June 1796 – 24 August 1832) was a French military engineer and physicist, often described as the "father of thermodynamics". Like Copernicus, he published only one book, the "Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire" (Paris, 1824), in which he expressed, at the age of 27 years, the first successful theory of the maximum efficiency of