Aiki (martial arts principle) and its practice is often kept within a particular individual or two from a family/school lineage. Culturally, and due to certain necessities of the time period, the aiki knowledge was usually a very well guarded secret and rarely disclosed. The oldest book to have historically discuss aiki was the 1899 Budo Hiketsu-Aiki no Jutsu. On the subject of aiki it was written: The Textbook of Jujutsu (Jujutsu Kyoju-sho Ryu no Maki) from 1913 wrote: Aiki (martial arts principle) Aiki from a Japanese budo term, at its most basic is a principle that allows a conditioned practitioner to negate or redirect
Mura (Japanese term) center. It may be more effective to have low cost call center operators wait for high value clients rather than risk losing high value clients by making them wait. Given the asymmetric cost of these errors - particularly if the processes are not smooth - it may be prudent to have what seems like a surplus of call center operators that appear to be "wasting" call center operator time, rather than commit the higher-cost error of losing the occasional high value client. Mura (Japanese term) Mura, in terms of business/process improvement, is avoided through Just-In-Time systems which are based on