Brigadier general by the rank of major-general in 1999. In the Romanian Army the "general de brigadă" is the lowest rank of general officers, The equivalent in the Navy is "contra-amiral" and in the Air-Force "general de flotilă aeriană". The rank of brigadier general is known in South Korea as "junjang" (; hanja: 准將) and is a direct equivalent to the United States one-star rank, with very similar insignia. The military of North Korea does not technically maintain a brigadier general rank, but the rank of senior colonel (대좌, "taejwa") which is above colonel (상좌, "sangjwa") and below major general (소장, "Sojang")
Colonel general translated as "lieutenant general") and junior to that of "daejang" (usually translated as "general"). This rank is typically held by the commanding officer of units along the Korean DMZ and the North Korean security zone at Panmunjom. It is also the rank held by the KPA Pyongyang Defense Command's commanding general. The rank of colonel general () did not exist in Imperial Russia and was first established in the Red Army on 7 May 1940, as a replacement for the previously existing (, "army commander of the second rank"). During World War II, about 199 officers were promoted to colonel