Red blood cell blood circulation for about 100 to 120 days (and 80 to 90 days in a full term infant). At the end of their lifespan, they are removed from circulation. In many chronic diseases, the lifespan of the red blood cells is reduced. Erythropoiesis is the process by which new red blood cells are produced; it lasts about 7 days. Through this process red blood cells are continuously produced in the red bone marrow of large bones. (In the embryo, the liver is the main site of red blood cell production.) The production can be stimulated by the hormone erythropoietin (EPO),
Short-chain fatty acid colon health because it is the primary energy source for colonic cells. Short-chain fatty acid Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), also referred to as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), are fatty acids with less than six carbon atoms. Free SCFAs can cross the blood-brain barrier via monocarboxylate transporters. Short-chain fatty acids are produced when dietary fiber is fermented in the colon. Short-chain fatty acids and medium-chain fatty acids are primarily absorbed through the portal vein during lipid digestion, while long-chain fatty acids are packed into chylomicrons and enter lymphatic capillaries, and enter the blood first at the subclavian vein. Short-chain fatty acids