Equine proximal enteritis usually have an intestinal diameter of −10 cm with a wall thickness of 3–5mm. Horses with proximal enteritis usually have an intestinal diameter that is narrower, but wall thickness is often greater than 6mm, containing a hyperechoic or anechoic fluid, with normal, increased, or decreased peristalsis. However, obstructions that have been present for some time may present with thickened walls and distention of the intestine. DPJ can only be definitively diagnosed during surgery or at necropsy, when its gross appearance of the small intestine may be evaluated. Proximal enteritis usually is managed medically. This includes nasogastric intubation every 1–2 hours
Clostridial necrotizing enteritis Clostridial necrotizing enteritis Clostridial necrotizing enteritis (CNE), also called enteritis necroticans and pigbel, is an often fatal type of food poisoning caused by a β-toxin of "Clostridium perfringens", Type C. It occurs in some developing countries, but was also documented in Germany following World War II, where it was called "Darmbrand" (meaning bowel necrosis). The toxin is normally inactivated by certain proteolytic enzymes and by normal cooking, but when these protections are impeded, and low protein is consumed, the disease emerges. Sporadic and extremely rare cases occur in diabetics. In New Guinea, where people eat a lot of sweet potatoes,