Budo Senmon Gakko Budo Senmon Gakko The school was based at Butokuden, a famous training hall in Kyoto, Japan. The need for Busen arose from a nationalistic fervour in Japan after the Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895). This nationalism led to an increased interest in the "martial way". Traditionally, martial arts had been taught as part of the standard curriculum in schools across Japan. The arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry's "Black Ships" in 1853 caused the Japanese to abandon their "archaic" martial arts and use western firepower. Martial arts were considered outdated and part of Japan's feudal history, and schools deemphasized traditional martial arts. Interest
Collaboration: Japanese Agents and Local Elites in Wartime China "Chinese Historical Review" describes the book as a "finely researched" and "subtly nuanced" study. He says that "what is remarkable is that Professor Brook has uncovered from both the Chinese and Japanese sides archival and memoir literature of a quality that allows him to present case studies that illuminate the ambiguities and complexities of collaboration, not to mention the essential mechanics of how it was sought and arranged." The reviewer concludes that "this work is not only a major contribution to the history of the [Second] Sino-Japanese War and that of modern China; it also makes an invaluable addition to