Artificial heart by an immunosuppressive drug complication. The original prototype of Liotta-Cooley artificial heart used in this historic operation is prominently displayed in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History "Treasures of American History" exhibit in Washington, D.C. The first clinical use of an artificial heart designed for permanent implantation rather than a bridge to transplant occurred in 1982 at the University of Utah. Artificial kidney pioneer Willem Johan Kolff started the Utah artificial organs program in 1967. There, physician-engineer Clifford Kwan-Gett invented two components of an integrated pneumatic artificial heart system: a ventricle with hemispherical diaphragms that did not crush
Animal welfare and rights in Argentina recognized the basic legal rights of an orangutan named Sandra who was born in a zoo. An advocacy group filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus on Sandra's behalf, resulting in the court's declaration that the animal is a "non-human person". Animal welfare and rights in Argentina Animal welfare and rights in Argentina is about laws concerning and treatment of non-human animals in Argentina. Argentina has weak protections for animals by international standards. Argentina's Law 14246 (1954) prohibits cruelty toward animals. This does not include harm caused by failure to act, and it is not clear which animals