Stratosphere the stratosphere temperatures increase with altitude "(see temperature inversion)"; the top of the stratosphere has a temperature of about 270 K (−3°C or 26.6°F). This vertical stratification, with warmer layers above and cooler layers below, makes the stratosphere dynamically stable: there is no regular convection and associated turbulence in this part of the atmosphere. However, exceptionally energetic convection processes, such as volcanic eruption columns and overshooting tops in severe supercell thunderstorms, may carry convection into the stratosphere on a very local and temporary basis. Overall the attenuation of solar UV at wavelengths that damage DNA by the ozone layer allows
S-1 (satellite) 4". "S-1" was the first geocentric orbit launch attempt for the rocket; its second attempt on August 14, 1959, carrying the "Beacon 2" inflatable sphere experiment to low Earth orbit, also failed. Eventually, both the Juno II and a re-launch of the "S-1" mission, designated "Explorer 7" or "S-1A", found success on October 13, 1959. The satellite, which ended its mission in August 1961, is still orbiting the Earth today. S-1 (satellite) S-1, also known as Explorer S-1 and Explorer 7X, was a geoscience satellite equipped with a suite of scientific instruments to study the environment around the Earth. The