Kopi tiam Kopi tiam A kopitiam or kopi tiam is a traditional coffee shop mostly found in Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, and Indonesia patronised for meals and beverages. The word "kopi" is a Hokkien/Mandarin term for "coffee" () and "tiam" is the Hokkien/Hakka term for "shop" (). Menus typically feature simple offerings: a variety of foods based on egg, toast, and kaya, plus coffee, tea, and Milo. "Kopi tiam"s in Singapore are commonly found in almost all residential areas as well as some industrial and business districts in the country, numbering about 2,000 in total. Although most are an aggregate of small stalls
Agricultural Involution: The Processes of Ecological Change in Indonesia Agricultural Involution: The Processes of Ecological Change in Indonesia Agricultural Involution: The Processes of Ecological Change in Indonesia is one of the most famous of the early works of Clifford Geertz. It principal thesis is that many centuries of intensifying wet-rice cultivation in Indonesia had produced greater social complexity without significant technological or political change, a process Geertz terms "involution". Written for a particular US-funded project on the local developments and following the modernisation theory of Walt Whitman Rostow, Geertz examines in this book the agricultural system in Indonesia. The two dominant forms of agriculture are swidden and sawah. Swidden