Bird migration as they ride the "roaring forties" outside the breeding season. The tubenoses spread widely over large areas of open ocean, but congregate when food becomes available. Many are also among the longest-distance migrants; sooty shearwaters "Puffinus griseus" nesting on the Falkland Islands migrate between the breeding colony and the North Atlantic Ocean off Norway. Some Manx shearwaters "Puffinus puffinus" do this same journey in reverse. As they are long-lived birds, they may cover enormous distances during their lives; one record-breaking Manx shearwater is calculated to have flown 8 million km (5 million miles) during its over-50 year lifespan. Some large
Audubon's shearwater likely, as yet another synonym of "dichrous". The case of the more distinct "bannermani", the range of which is parapatric to that of the Pacific "dichrous", is more complicated. It has for some time been proposed as a distinct species, Bannerman's shearwater ("P. bannermani"). In the absence of more recent data to investigate this claim, its status continues to be altogether unresolved, though the case for it being at least a distinct subspecies in the "bailloni" clade seems good. Audubon's shearwater The Audubon's shearwater ("Puffinus lherminieri") is a common tropical seabird in the petrel family. Sometimes known as the dusky-backed