Soda bread pastry flour (made from soft wheat), which has lower levels of gluten than a bread flour. In some recipes, the buttermilk is replaced by live yogurt or even stout. Because the leavening action starts immediately (compared to the time taken for yeast bread to rise), bakers recommend the minimum amount of mixing of the ingredients before baking; the dough should not be kneaded. Various forms of soda bread are popular throughout Ireland. Soda breads are made using wholemeal, white flour, or both. In Ulster, the wholemeal variety is usually known as "wheaten bread" and is normally sweetened, while the term
Crempog The mixture is meant to stand for a few hours. A second mixture is made using sugar, bicarbonate of soda, vinegar and beaten eggs. The mixtures are then combined to make a smooth, dense batter. The batter is poured onto a hot bakestone or griddle, over a moderate heat. The "crempog" is cooked until golden on both sides and served in a stack with butter spread on each pancake. In Anglesey and Caernarfonshire "crempogau" were prepared as "crempog furum", a pancake made with yeast, or "crempug wen" where the normally coarse flour was replaced with refined flour. These pancakes were