Litmus test (politics) Litmus test (politics) A litmus test is a question asked of a potential candidate for high office, the answer to which would determine whether the nominating official would proceed with the appointment or nomination. The expression is a metaphor based on the litmus test in chemistry, in which one is able to test the general acidity of a substance, but not its exact pH. Those who must approve a nominee, such as a justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, may also be said to apply a litmus test to determine whether the nominee will receive their vote.
Alkalinity + "m" + "m" + "m" - "m"". Total alkalinity is measured by adding a strong acid until all the anions listed above are converted to uncharged species. The total alkalinity is not (much) affected by temperature, pressure, or pH, though the values of individual constituents are, mostly being conversions between HCO and CO. Drever further notes that in most natural waters, all anions except HCO and CO have low concentrations. Thus carbonate alkalinity, which is equal to "m" + 2"m" is also approximately equal to the total alkalinity. Alkalinity or A measures the ability of a solution to neutralize