Drink to Ninkasi", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people. Today, the brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. Cider is a fermented alcoholic drink made from fruit juice, most commonly and traditionally apple juice, but also the juice of peaches, pears ("Perry" cider) or other fruit. Cider may be made from any variety of apple, but certain cultivars grown solely
Apple cider vinegar Apple cider vinegar Apple cider vinegar, a vinegar made from fermented apple juice, is used in salad dressings, marinades, vinaigrettes, food preservatives, and chutneys. It is made by first crushing apples and squeezing out the liquid. Bacteria and yeast are then added to the liquid to start the alcoholic fermentation process, and the sugars are turned into alcohol. In a second fermentation step, the alcohol is converted into vinegar by acetic acid-forming bacteria ("Acetobacter" species). Acetic acid and malic acid are what give vinegar its sour taste. Apple cider vinegar has no nutritional value, aside from some calories, with all