Records of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom transitions between reigns, eight Prime Ministers each served under two sovereigns: George III had 14 Prime Ministers serving during his 59-year reign (reigned 1760–1820), beginning with the Duke of Newcastle. The last incumbent, Lord Liverpool, was the only one appointed by his son (the Prince Regent) during the father's final incapacity to rule. In downward numerical order, numbers of Prime Ministers in office during other reigns are: Only six Prime Ministers came to serve office under sovereigns in whose own reigns they were born. The present Prime Minister, Theresa May, is the third Prime Minister to have been born in
Historical rankings of Prime Ministers of Australia prime ministers during that time were excluded from consideration, but the serving prime minister, John Howard, was included. The participants in the survey were Judith Brett (La Trobe), Greg Craven (Curtin), David Day (La Trobe), Michael Duffy (freelance), Brian Galligan (Melbourne), Ian Hancock (ANU), John Hirst (La Trobe), Carol Johnson (Adelaide), Stuart Macintyre (Melbourne), Alistair Mant (freelance), Andrew Parkin (Flinders), Tom Stannage (Curtin), Paul Strangio (Monash), James Walter (Monash), and Patrick Weller (Griffith). Geoffrey Blainey, Marian Simms, and several others were invited to participate, but declined. In 2010, a team of researchers from Monash University asked "145 academics that were