Atmosphere of Earth that gas. The stratosphere defines a layer in which temperatures rise with increasing altitude. This rise in temperature is caused by the absorption of ultraviolet radiation (UV) radiation from the Sun by the ozone layer, which restricts turbulence and mixing. Although the temperature may be at the tropopause, the top of the stratosphere is much warmer, and may be near 0 °C. The stratospheric temperature profile creates very stable atmospheric conditions, so the stratosphere lacks the weather-producing air turbulence that is so prevalent in the troposphere. Consequently, the stratosphere is almost completely free of clouds and other forms of weather.
UV filter to sun irradiation, while swimming-pool water is required to be disinfected by chlorination, bromination, ozonation, or UV-irradiation. UV filters can undergo degradation and transformation to more toxic products. For example, Avobenzone undergoes transformation in the presence of chlorinated disinfection products and UV radiation to substituted chlorinated phenols and acetophenones, which are known for their toxicity. Some organic UV filters under UV radiation can generate reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (OH, HO) (e.g. BP-3, octocrylene (OCR), OMC, phenylbenzimidazole sulphonic acid (PBS), PABA, etc.).The levels of HO in waters of Mediterranean beach reached 270 nM/day as a result of Sunscreens. HO as an