Litmus test (politics) Litmus test (politics) A litmus test is a question asked of a potential candidate for high office, the answer to which would determine whether the nominating official would proceed with the appointment or nomination. The expression is a metaphor based on the litmus test in chemistry, in which one is able to test the general acidity of a substance, but not its exact pH. Those who must approve a nominee, such as a justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, may also be said to apply a litmus test to determine whether the nominee will receive their vote.
Alkalinity denitrification and sulfate reduction, have a much greater impact on oceanic alkalinity. Denitrification and sulfate reduction occur in the deep ocean, where there is an absence of oxygen. Both of these processes consume hydrogen ions and releases quasi-inert gases (N or HS), which eventually escape into the atmosphere. This consumption of H increases the alkalinity. It has been estimated that anaerobic degradation could be as much as 60% of the total oceanic alkalinity. Anaerobic processes generally increase alkalinity. Conversely, aerobic degradation can decrease A. This process occurs in portions of the ocean where oxygen is present (surface waters). It results