American Men and Women of Science American Men and Women of Science American Men and Women of Science (33rd edition, published 2015) is a biographical reference work on leading scientists in the United States and Canada, published as a series of books and online by Gale. "American Men and Women of Science" profiles living persons in the physical and biological fields, as well as public health scientists, engineers, mathematicians, statisticians, and computer scientists. According to the publisher, those included met the following criteria: (1) Distinguished achievement, by reason of experience, training or accomplishment, including contributions to literature, coupled with continuing activity in scientific work; or (2)
Moving average "S" to "Y" as shown above, though other techniques exist, such as setting "S" to an average of the first 4 or 5 observations. The importance of the "S" initialisations effect on the resultant moving average depends on "α"; smaller "α" values make the choice of "S" relatively more important than larger "α" values, since a higher "α" discounts older observations faster. Whatever is done for "S" it assumes something about values prior to the available data and is necessarily in error. In view of this, the early results should be regarded as unreliable until the iterations have had time