Great Ormond Street Hospital with water on the brain (hydrocephalus), and non-invasive (percutaneous) heart valve replacements. They did the first UK clinical trials of the rubella vaccine, and the first bone marrow transplant and gene therapy for severe combined immunodeficiency. It is closely associated with University College London (UCL) and in partnership with the UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, which is adjacent to it, is the largest centre for research and postgraduate teaching in children's health in Europe. In 1929, J. M. Barrie donated the copyright to "Peter Pan" to the hospital. After a long campaign by Dr. Charles West, the
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia had a population of about 460,000, and recorded 10,507 deaths. Leading causes of death were smallpox, typhoid, and scarlet fever. In the worst month of 1855, 300 children under 12 years old died, primarily of infectious diseases. A Philadelphia physician, Dr. Francis West Lewis, inspired by a visit to the new Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children in London (founded 1852), enlisted Drs. T. Hewson Bache and R. A .F. Penrose Sr. to found the first children's hospital in North America. On November 23, 1855 the following small advertisement appeared in the "Philadelphia Public Ledger": The Children's Hospital—located on