Litmus "Lecanora tartarea" (Norway, Sweden), "Variolaria dealbata", "Ochrolechia parella", "Parmotrema tinctorum", and "Parmelia". Currently, the main sources are "Roccella montagnei" (Mozambique) and "Dendrographa leucophoea" (California). The main use of litmus is to test whether a solution is acidic or basic. Wet litmus paper can also be used to test for water-soluble gases that affect acidity or alkalinity; the gas dissolves in the water and the resulting solution colors the litmus paper. For instance, ammonia gas, which is alkaline, turn the red litmus paper blue. Blue litmus paper turns red under acidic conditions and red litmus paper turns blue under basic or
Alkalinity no strong acids or bases at this point. Therefore, the alkalinity is modeled and quantified with respect to the CO equivalence point. Because the alkalinity is measured with respect to the CO equivalence point, the dissolution of CO, although it adds acid and dissolved inorganic carbon, does not change the alkalinity. In natural conditions, the dissolution of basic rocks and addition of ammonia [NH] or organic amines leads to the addition of base to natural waters at the CO equivalence point. The dissolved base in water increases the pH and titrates an equivalent amount of CO to bicarbonate ion and