Stratosphere around at midlatitudes, and at about at the poles. Temperatures range from an average of near the tropopause to an average of near the mesosphere. Stratospheric temperatures also vary within the stratosphere as the seasons change, reaching particularly low temperatures in the polar night (winter). Winds in the stratosphere can far exceed those in the troposphere, reaching near in the Southern polar vortex. The mechanism describing the formation of the ozone layer was described by British mathematician Sydney Chapman in 1930. Molecular oxygen absorbs high energy sunlight in the UV-C region, at wavelengths shorter than about 240 nm. Radicals produced
Zombies of the Stratosphere dummy running along a wire, were first used in Republic's "Darkest Africa" (1936) and with greater impact in their "Adventures of Captain Marvel" serial (1941). "Zombies of the Stratosphere"s official release date is July 16, 1952, although this is actually the date the sixth chapter was made available to film exchanges. This was followed by the release of , which had been filmed around the productions of Zombies (three episodes before, the remaining nine afterwards) as a projected twelve-part TV series but which was theatrically issued instead. In this latter film, Judd Holdren played a masked Cody and Aline Towne