Pub London's pubs had closed. The closures have been ascribed to factors such as changing tastes, rise in the cost of beer due to applied taxes and the increase in the Muslim population. Inns and taverns feature throughout English literature and poetry, from The Tabard Inn in Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales" onwards. The highwayman Dick Turpin used the Swan Inn at Woughton-on-the-Green in Buckinghamshire as his base. Jamaica Inn near Bolventor in Cornwall gave its name to a 1936 novel by Daphne du Maurier and a 1939 film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. In the 1920s John Fothergill (1876–1957) was the innkeeper of
The Birds (film) he hired Evan Hunter to adapt Daphne du Maurier's novella, "The Birds", first published in her 1952 collection "The Apple Tree". Hunter had previously written "Vicious Circle" for "Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine", which he adapted for the television anthology series "Alfred Hitchcock Presents". He also adapted Robert Turner's story "Appointment at Eleven" for the same television series. Hunter later suspected that he was hired because he had demonstrated he could write suspense (with the 87th Precinct novels, as Ed McBain) and because his novel "The Blackboard Jungle" had received critical acclaim. The relationship between Hunter and Hitchcock during the creation