German reunification assets. Facilitation of economic development through planning measures failed to close the disparity between East and West, not only in terms of the economic opportunity but also housing conditions and transport options. Tölle states that "the initial euphoria about having become one unified people again was increasingly replaced by a growing sense of difference between Easterners ("Ossis") and Westerners ("Wessis")". The fall of the Wall also instigated immediate cultural change. The first consequence was the closure in East Berlin of politically oriented cultural institutions. The fall of the Berlin Wall and the factors described above led to mass migration from
America in the King Years 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. It shared the 1989 Pulitzer Prize for History with James McPherson's history of the American Civil War, "Battle Cry of Freedom". It also won the 1988 National Book Critics Circle Award for General Nonfiction, and was a 1989 finalist for the National Book Award in the Non-Fiction category. The cover of the book uses a reversed portion of the iconic photograph of the 1965 march from Selma to Montgomery taken by "Look" magazine photographer James Karales. The second volume, Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963–65, was published in 1998.