Women in Ukraine 55 for women and 60 for men). There were reports of some employers refusing to hire younger women likely to become pregnant or women over 35. Women also received lower salaries and had limited opportunity for career advancement. Few women held top managerial positions in the government or in state- owned or private industry. On average women earn 30% less than men occupying similar posts. About 50% of all enterprises without employees are woman owned. Enterprises with 1 to 5 employees are 27% woman owned. Enterprises with less than 50 employees are 30% woman owned. These numbers are similar to
Men who have sex with men individuals who have compromised immune systems, especially HIV. Unprotected anal sex is a risk factor for formation of antisperm antibodies (ASA) in the recipient. In some people, ASA may cause autoimmune infertility. Many countries impose restrictions on donating blood for men who have or have had sex with men, as well as their female sexual partners—see the maps. Most national standards require direct questioning regarding a donor's sexual history, but the length of deferral varies. Men who have sex with men Men who have sex with men (MSM), also known as males who have sex with males, are male persons