German reunification assets. Facilitation of economic development through planning measures failed to close the disparity between East and West, not only in terms of the economic opportunity but also housing conditions and transport options. Tölle states that "the initial euphoria about having become one unified people again was increasingly replaced by a growing sense of difference between Easterners ("Ossis") and Westerners ("Wessis")". The fall of the Wall also instigated immediate cultural change. The first consequence was the closure in East Berlin of politically oriented cultural institutions. The fall of the Berlin Wall and the factors described above led to mass migration from
Meet-in-the-middle attack of a block cipher in 1977. Their attack used a space–time tradeoff to break the double-encryption scheme in only twice the time needed to break the single-encryption scheme. In 2011, Bo Zhu and Guang Gong investigated the "multidimensional meet-in-the-middle attack" and presented new attacks on the block ciphers GOST, KTANTAN and Hummingbird-2. Assume someone wants to attack an encryption scheme with the following characteristics for a given plaintext "P" and ciphertext "C": where "ENC" is the encryption function, "DEC" the decryption function defined as "ENC" (inverse mapping) and "k" and "k" are two keys. The naive approach at brute-forcing this