Paris under Napoleon Each of the twelve arrondissements had its own mayor, but their power was limited to enforcing the decrees of Napoleon's ministers. After he crowned himself Emperor on December 2, 1804, Napoleon began a series of projects to make Paris into an imperial capital to rival ancient Rome. He built monuments to French military glory, including the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel, the column in Place Vendôme, and the future church of the Madeleine, intended as a temple to military heroes; and began the Arc de Triomphe. To improve the circulation of traffic in central Paris, he built a wide new
Emperor of the French Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Co-Prince of Andorra. His Imperial Majesty "Napoleon II", By the Grace of God and the Constitution of the Republic, Emperor of the French and Co-Prince of Andorra. His Imperial Majesty "Napoleon III", By the Grace of God and the will of the Nation, Emperor of the French and Co-Prince of Andorra. "Regarded as a continuation of the First French Empire despite the brief exile of the Emperor Napoleon I" Emperor of the French Emperor of the French (French: "Empereur des Français") was the monarch of the First