Charter of the French Language (including the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms); section 23 introduced the notion of "minority-language education rights". This opened another door to a constitutional dispute of Quebec's Charter of the French Language. Alliance Quebec, an anglophone rights lobby group, was founded in May 1982. It is mainly through this civil association that a number of lawyers have challenged the constitutionality of Quebec's territorial language policy. The Charter of the French Language has been strongly condemned and widely unpopular among most of English-speaking Canadians, who constitute the majority of Canadians but are a minority in Quebec. The Charter was criticised by
Official language United States) have never declared official languages at the national level. Other nations have declared non-indigenous official languages. "The Philippines and parts of Africa live with a peculiar cultural paradox. Although the official languages [in Africa] may be French or English, these are not the languages most widely spoken by [the country's] residents." Worldwide, 178 countries have at least one official language, and 101 of these countries recognise more than one language. Many of the world's constitutions mention one or more official or national languages. Some countries use the official language designation to empower indigenous groups by giving them access