Being and Nothingness that among them the work usually went unread. Being and Nothingness Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology (), sometimes published with the subtitle A Phenomenological Essay on Ontology, is a 1943 book by the philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, in which the author asserts the individual's existence as prior to the individual's essence ("existence precedes essence") and seeks to demonstrate that free will exists. While a prisoner of war in 1940 and 1941, Sartre read Martin Heidegger's "Being and Time" (1927). Heidegger's work, an ontological investigation through the lens and method of Husserlian phenomenology (Edmund Husserl was Heidegger's teacher), initiated
Apollonius of Tyre (philosopher) chronological work () of which Stephanus of Byzantium quotes the fourth book, is uncertain. Apollonius of Tyre (philosopher) Apollonius of Tyre (; fl. 50 BC), was a Stoic philosopher. Strabo describes him as living "a little before my time," and says he wrote "a tabulated account of the philosophers of the school of Zeno and of their books," and which appears to have been a short survey of the philosophers and their writings from the time of Zeno. He is mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius as the author of a work on Zeno. Whether this Apollonius is the same as the