American Roentgen Ray Society American Roentgen Ray Society The American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS) is a radiology society in the United States. It was founded in 1900, in the early days of X-ray and radiation study. Headquartered in Leesburg, Virginia, the society publishes a monthly peer-reviewed journal: "American Journal of Roentgenology" (previously "American Journal of Radiology"), providing a forum for advances in radiology and related fields. It provides scholarships, and presents awards. Its educational programs include seminars and a program of continuing education for radiologic technologists. Its 9th meeting, in 1908, was held in New York City. There, it announced that there was "no
Multiple discovery pre-existing concepts and facts. This is what is meant when one says that a scientist or artist has been "influenced by" another—etymologically, that a concept of the latter's has "flowed into" the mind of the former. Not every new concept so formed will be viable: adapting social Darwinist Herbert Spencer's phrase, only the fittest concepts survive. Multiple independent discovery and invention, like discovery and invention generally, have been fostered by the evolution of means of communication: roads, vehicles, sailing vessels, writing, printing, institutions of education, reliable postal services, telegraphy, and mass media, including the internet. Gutenberg's invention of printing (which