Strasbourg been populated since the middle Paleolithic. Between 362 and 1262, Strasbourg was governed by the bishops of Strasbourg; their rule was reinforced in 873 and then more in 982. In 1262, the citizens violently rebelled against the bishop's rule (Battle of Hausbergen) and Strasbourg became a free imperial city. It became a French city in 1681, after the conquest of Alsace by the armies of Louis XIV. In 1871, after the Franco-Prussian War, the city became German again, until 1918 (end of World War I), when it reverted to France. After the defeat of France in 1940 (World War II),
Strasbourg-Ortenau Eurodistrict took place on 4 February 2010. Roland Ries was elected as the Council's first president. The Eurodistrict is served by several cross-border transportation companies: Ortenau S-Bahn (railway), TER Alsace (railway), Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois (tramway and buses). Strasbourg-Ortenau Eurodistrict The Eurodistrict Strasbourg-Ortenau is a Franco-German eurodistrict, a cross-border administrative entity ("European Grouping for Territorial Cooperation") sharing common institutions, established on 17 October 2005 and definitely functional since 4 February 2010. The district is formed by the Eurométropole de Strasbourg (centred on the city of Strasbourg) and 3 other urban communities (of Rhinau, Erstein and Benfeld) in the Grand Est region