Nationality law of the People's Republic of China territory "before or after" their transfer of sovereignty to China are regarded as "born in China". Those who are of ethnic Chinese origin are Chinese nationals before and after the handovers. Having said that, people born in Hong Kong or Macao in the years before handover, were usually given British nationality (mostly British Dependent Territories Citizenship) and full Portuguese citizenship, based on British and Portuguese laws. For Hong Kong residents, the "Interpretation" of the Nationality Law was adopted at the Nineteenth Session of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on May 15, 1996, a year prior to
The Quality of Nationality Index best in the world, according to the latest edition of the Quality of Nationality Index (2017 data). The French nationality earned a score of 81.7% out of a possible 100%, fractionally ahead of Germany. While the difference between France's and Germany's result is relatively small, France's comparative advantage lies in its greater settlement freedom (attributable mainly to the country's former colonial empire). The Quality of Nationality Index The Quality of Nationality Index (QNI) ranks the quality of nationalities based on internal and external factors. Each nationality receives an aggregated score based on their economic strength, human development, ease of travel,