Fluorescent lamp began with the Geissler tube continued as even better vacuums were produced. The most famous was the evacuated tube used for scientific research by William Crookes. That tube was evacuated by the highly effective mercury vacuum pump created by Hermann Sprengel. Research conducted by Crookes and others ultimately led to the discovery of the electron in 1897 by J. J. Thomson and X-rays in 1895 by Wilhelm Roentgen. But the Crookes tube, as it came to be known, produced little light because the vacuum in it was too good and thus lacked the trace amounts of gas that are needed
Friedrich Wilhelm Theile addition to his own writings, he translated several works by foreign physicians and scientists — Louis Delasiauve, Franciscus Cornelis Donders, Auguste Ambroise Tardieu, Pieter Harting and Jacobus Schroeder van der Kolk. Friedrich Wilhelm Theile Friedrich Wilhelm Theile (11 November 1801, in Buttstädt – 20 October 1879, in Weimar) was a German physician and anatomist. In 1825 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Jena with the dissertation-thesis "De Musculis nervisque laryngeis". From 1828, with Heinrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Wackenroder, he was in charge of the pharmaceutical institute at Jena. In 1831 he became an associate professor, and three years