Dicephalic parapagus twins complete hearts are present as well, which improves their chances of survival. The total number of arms may be two, three or four. Their prospects are best if no attempt is made to separate them, except in cases where one twin is clearly dying. Dicephalus means two-headed. Parapagus means joined side by side. Dicephalic twins are called: Conjoined twins appear in one in 50,000 to one in 100,000 births. Dicephalic twins represent about 11 percent of all conjoined twins. As late as the 1960s, some medical publications argued that newborn dicephalic twins should not be actively treated or resuscitated. An
Conjoined twins over the religious objections of their parents, Michaelangelo and Rina Attard. The twins were attached at the lower abdomen and spine. The surgery took place in November, 2000, at St Mary's Hospital in Manchester. The operation was controversial because Rose, the weaker twin, would die as a result of the procedure as her heart and lungs were dependent upon Grace's. However, if the operation had not taken place, it was certain that both twins would die. Grace survived to enjoy a normal childhood. In 2003, two 29-year-old women from Iran, Ladan and Laleh Bijani, who were joined at the head