Moon clouds. The illuminated area of the visible sphere (degree of illumination) is given by formula_3, where formula_4 is the elongation (i.e., the angle between Moon, the observer (on Earth) and the Sun). The gravitational attraction that masses have for one another decreases inversely with the square of the distance of those masses from each other. As a result, the slightly greater attraction that the Moon has for the side of Earth closest to the Moon, as compared to the part of the Earth opposite the Moon, results in tidal forces. Tidal forces affect both the Earth's crust and oceans. The
Chinese sun and moon mirrors "fangzhu" mirrors "jiàn" 見 "seeing" the sun and moon. The Way of Heaven is called the Round; the Way of Earth is called the Square. The square governs the obscure; the circular governs the bright. The bright emits "qi", and for this reason fire is the external brilliance of the sun. The obscure sucks in "qi", and for this reason water is the internal luminosity of the moon. Emitted "qi" endows; retained "qi" transforms. Thus yang endows and yin transforms. The unbalanced "qi" of Heaven and Earth, becoming perturbed, causes wind; the harmonious "qi" of Heaven and Earth, becoming calm,