Indian Ocean trade Madagascar at this time leaving behind a lasting cultural and genetic legacy. Chinese fleets under Zheng He criscrossed the Indian Ocean during the early part of the 15th century. The missions were diplomatic rather than commercial, but many exchanges of gift and produces were made. The Portuguese under Vasco da Gama discovered a naval route to the Indian Ocean through the southern tip of Africa in 1497–98. Initially, the Portuguese were mainly active in Calicut, but the northern region of Gujarat was even more important for trade, and an essential intermediary in east-west trade. Venetian interests were directly threatened as
European route E01 in Portugal Castro Marim. The E01 is one of the most important highways in Portugal as it connects several major cities north to south. The E01 covers a total distance of 748 km (465 mi) within Portugal. https://ec.europa.eu/transport/themes/infrastructure/ Google Maps European route E01 in Portugal The European route E01 in Portugal is a series of roads, part of the International E-road network running on a north south axis on the west coast. It starts at the Spanish border in the north at Valença going almost perfectly south passing by several major Portuguese cities like Porto and Lisbon until the border with Spain