Paris under Napoleon Each of the twelve arrondissements had its own mayor, but their power was limited to enforcing the decrees of Napoleon's ministers. After he crowned himself Emperor on December 2, 1804, Napoleon began a series of projects to make Paris into an imperial capital to rival ancient Rome. He built monuments to French military glory, including the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel, the column in Place Vendôme, and the future church of the Madeleine, intended as a temple to military heroes; and began the Arc de Triomphe. To improve the circulation of traffic in central Paris, he built a wide new
Napoleon Symphony society under occupation by a Christian Western power. Beethoven had originally dedicated his Third Symphony to Bonaparte. But when he learned that Napoleon had crowned himself Emperor, he tore the dedication from the manuscript. When the work was published it was titled, "Sinfonia eroica, composta per festeggiare il sovvenire d'un grand'Uomo" (Heroic symphony, composed to celebrate the memory of a great man), known to posterity as the "Eroica". The novel is dedicated to Stanley Kubrick, who had directed the film adaptation of Burgess's earlier novel, "A Clockwork Orange". Kubrick had intended to make a biographical film about Bonaparte, but was