Nationality law of the People's Republic of China of the Ninth National People's Congress on December 29, 1998. Unlike the UK, Portugal did not have an overseas nationality, which means that residents of Macau had the same type of Portuguese nationality as those in Portugal. Unique provisions include clarification for individuals of both Chinese and Portuguese descent, who may choose either Chinese or Portuguese nationality without losing right to abode. Negotiations between China and Portugal over Macau were considerably smoother than those between the United Kingdom and China over Hong Kong, and in the former a pragmatic practical agreement was understood making double nationality possible "de facto" for
Nationality law of the People's Republic of China China's current and only statutory nationality law went into effect. The law itself, however, has been criticized for being outdated as many countries have amended their nationality laws to allow dual nationality since the 1990s, and the opinions on whether China should fully permit dual nationality has constantly resulted in heated debates. It is worth-noting that dual nationality is still possible under the current nationality law (see "Dual nationality" below). Chinese nationality law operates mainly on the basis of "jus sanguinis" ("right of blood"), although a different type of "jus soli" ("right of the soil", or birthright nationality) applies to