Carbonara by troops from the United States. It was included in Elizabeth David's "Italian Food", an English-language cookbook published in Great Britain in 1954. Carbonara Carbonara () is an Italian pasta dish from Rome made with egg, hard cheese, guanciale (or pancetta), and pepper. The recipe is not fixed by a specific type of hard cheese or pasta. The cheese is usually Pecorino Romano. Spaghetti is the usual pasta, however, fettuccine, rigatoni, linguine, or bucatini are also used. Either guanciale or pancetta can be used. Another common substitute outside Italy is lardons of smoked bacon. The dish was created in the
Food desert geographic areas of the US. Proximity to fast food or a supermarket/grocery store was used to predict the type of food consumed. In low-income study participants, the type of food consumed was directly related to the proximity of fast food restaurants. These results suggest that low-income persons living in a food desert make decisions to consume fast food based on proximity to fast food restaurants versus distances to a grocery store. While access poses a major barrier to the practice of self-care in food deserts, health literacy remains a common barrier to nutritional behavioral choices. Health literacy and food deserts