History of Russia and by the 18th century, the Tsardom of Russia had grown to become the Russian Empire, stretching from eastern Poland to the Pacific Ocean. Peasant revolts were common, and all were fiercely suppressed. Russian serfdom was abolished in 1861, but the peasants fared poorly and often turned to revolutionary pressures. In the following decades, reform efforts such as the Stolypin reforms, the constitution of 1906, and the State Duma attempted to open and liberalize the economy and political system, but the tsars refused to relinquish autocratic rule or share their power. The Russian Revolution in 1917 was triggered by a
1861 in Australian literature 1861 in Australian literature This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1861. For an overview of world literature see 1861 in literature. "See also:" 1860 in Australian literature, 1861 in Australia, 1862 in Australian literature. A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1861 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death. A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered