Continental drift plate tectonics theory. In particular, the English geologist Arthur Holmes proposed in 1920 that plate junctions might lie beneath the sea, and in 1928 that convection currents within the mantle might be the driving force. Holmes' views were particularly influential: in his bestselling textbook, "Principles of Physical Geology," he included a chapter on continental drift, proposing that Earth's mantle contained convection cells which dissipated radioactive heat and moved the crust at the surface. Holmes' proposal resolved the phase disequilibrium objection (the underlying fluid was kept from solidifying by radioactive heating from the core). However, scientific communication in the '30 and
Ice Age: Continental Drift Ice Age: Continental Drift Ice Age: Continental Drift is a 2012 American 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by Blue Sky Studios and distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is the fourth installment of the "Ice Age" series and the sequel to "" (2009). The film was directed by Steve Martino and Michael Thurmeier from a script by Michael Berg and Jason Fuchs, and stars the voices of Ray Romano, John Leguizamo, Denis Leary, Queen Latifah, Seann William Scott, Josh Peck, and Chris Wedge reprise their previous roles alongside Keke Palmer, Nicki Minaj, Drake, Jennifer Lopez, Josh Gad, and Peter