Continental drift plate tectonics theory. In particular, the English geologist Arthur Holmes proposed in 1920 that plate junctions might lie beneath the sea, and in 1928 that convection currents within the mantle might be the driving force. Holmes' views were particularly influential: in his bestselling textbook, "Principles of Physical Geology," he included a chapter on continental drift, proposing that Earth's mantle contained convection cells which dissipated radioactive heat and moved the crust at the surface. Holmes' proposal resolved the phase disequilibrium objection (the underlying fluid was kept from solidifying by radioactive heating from the core). However, scientific communication in the '30 and
Center for the Study of Democracy (Bulgaria) Center for the Study of Democracy (Bulgaria) This article is about the Center for the Study of Democracy in Bulgaria For the other institution by the same name, in the United States, see the Center for the Study of Democracy at St. Mary's College of Maryland, USA. Founded in late 1989, the Center for the Study of Democracy (CSD) is an interdisciplinary public policy institute dedicated to the values of democracy and market economics, based in Bulgaria. The CSD is a non-partisan, independent organization fostering the reform process in Bulgaria through impact on policy and civil society, and is one