Ischiopagi associated with surgery and reconstruction of organs. Surgery to separate conjoined twins has allowed surgeons to be able to study the mechanisms of embryogenesis as well as the physiological consequences of parabiosis. Depending upon what organs are shared among the twins and if they are surgically separable, usually only one of the twins makes it through the surgery or they both die due to complications either before or during the surgery. Now that successful surgery has been reported and more findings are becoming available due to research and pre-surgery evaluation, better surgery techniques and procedures will be available in the
Tarzan and the Tarzan Twins it features Tarzan's first meeting with Doctor Karl von Harben, with whom he is already acquainted in "Empire". Because "Twins" is a children's book, however, it is customarily omitted from listings of the main Tarzan series. Thus "Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle" is generally considered the eleventh Tarzan book rather than "Twins". Two schoolboys, Dick and Doc, are cousins who resemble each other because their mothers are twins. As Dick is also related to Tarzan through his father, they become known as the Tarzan Twins. Invited to visit Tarzan's African estate, they become lost in the jungle and are imprisoned