American Roentgen Ray Society American Roentgen Ray Society The American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS) is a radiology society in the United States. It was founded in 1900, in the early days of X-ray and radiation study. Headquartered in Leesburg, Virginia, the society publishes a monthly peer-reviewed journal: "American Journal of Roentgenology" (previously "American Journal of Radiology"), providing a forum for advances in radiology and related fields. It provides scholarships, and presents awards. Its educational programs include seminars and a program of continuing education for radiologic technologists. Its 9th meeting, in 1908, was held in New York City. There, it announced that there was "no
Multiple discovery Multiple discovery The concept of multiple discovery (also known as simultaneous invention) is the hypothesis that most scientific discoveries and inventions are made independently and more or less simultaneously by multiple scientists and inventors. The concept of multiple discovery opposes a traditional view—the "heroic theory" of invention and discovery. When Nobel laureates are announced annually—especially in physics, chemistry, physiology, medicine, and economics—increasingly, in the given field, rather than just a single laureate, there are two, or the maximally permissible three, who often have independently made the same discovery. Historians and sociologists have remarked on the occurrence, in science, of "multiple