Nationality law of the People's Republic of China Concerning the Implementation of the Nationality Law of the People’s Republic of China in the Macau Special Administrative Region", its equivalent of Macau, although with an additional exception that permits Macau residents of mixed Portuguese and Chinese descent to choose their nationality. In practice, many overseas Chinese, who are of "Chinese descent", would not have been Chinese nationals but for the "Explanation", so this provision effectively bestowed Chinese nationality on any Hong Kong- or Macau-resident child who is of Chinese descent and was born in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan or mainland China, regardless of the nationalities of his parents, in
Nationality law of the People's Republic of China civil war, until it was revised in 2000 (see Nationality law of Taiwan for more details). From the establishment of the Communist regime on 1 October 1949 to 9 September 1980, China had no statutory nationality law except for the Sino-Indonesian Dual Nationality Treaty adopted in 1955, which was a bilateral treaty between China and Indonesia's Sukarno government instead of a statutory law. From the period between 1949 and 1955, China recognized dual nationality as did Taiwan, therefore the Treaty was the first regulation in Chinese history to ban dual nationality between China and other countries. On 10 September 1980,