Juniper berry Juniper berry A juniper berry is the female seed cone produced by the various species of junipers. It is not a true berry but a cone with unusually fleshy and merged scales, which give it a berry-like appearance. The cones from a handful of species, especially "Juniperus communis", are used as a spice, particularly in European cuisine, and also give gin its distinctive flavour. Juniper berries may be the only spice derived from conifers. All juniper species grow berries, but some are considered too bitter to eat. In addition to "J. communis", other edible species include "Juniperus drupacea", "Juniperus phoenicea",
Flavour (particle physics) description of the flavour symmetry is described by a chiral group . If all quarks had non-zero but equal masses, then this chiral symmetry is broken to the "vector symmetry" of the "diagonal flavour group" , which applies the same transformation to both helicities of the quarks. This reduction of symmetry is a form of "explicit symmetry breaking". The amount of explicit symmetry breaking is controlled by the current quark masses in QCD. Even if quarks are massless, chiral flavour symmetry can be spontaneously broken if the vacuum of the theory contains a chiral condensate (as it does in low-energy