Chancellor of Germany was not even re-installed. In the 1871 German Empire, the imperial chancellor ("Reichskanzler") served both as the emperor's first minister, and as presiding officer of the Bundesrat, the upper chamber of the German parliament. He was neither elected by nor responsible to Parliament (the "Reichstag"). Instead, the chancellor was appointed by the emperor. The federal level had four organs: Technically, the foreign ministers of the empire's states instructed their states' deputies to the federal council (Bundesrat) and therefore outranked the chancellor. For this reason, Prince Bismarck (as he was from 1871 onwards) continued to serve as both prime minister and
Tough as Iron Iron" opened in South Korean theaters on October 2, 2013. It grossed on 1,209,363 admissions. It also received a limited theatrical release in the United States (October 11, 2013) and Japan (May 2014). Tough as Iron Tough as Iron () is a 2013 South Korean film written and directed by Ahn Gwon-tae, starring Yoo Ah-in in the title role. Gang Cheol (whose name means "iron" in Korean) was once a legendary street gangster in Busan, but he put away his fists and cleaned up his act for the sake of his mother Soon-i, who has dementia. Things are going well