Infante Fernando of Bourbon and Braganza were Carlos IV of Spain and Maria Luisa of Parma; her maternal grandparents were King John VI of Portugal and his wife, Infanta Carlota Joaquina of Spain. Genealogy of the Bourbon Dynasty: He was raised in an atmosphere imbued with traditional values of loyalty to the monarchy and the Church. When Fernando VII was widowed for third time in 1829, it had no legitimate issue that could succeed him after his death. Given his advanced age and failing health, was unlikely marriage contrajese again, which became the infant Carlos, father of Infante Fernando, heir to the throne. Around the infant,
Paris during the Bourbon Restoration Paris during the Bourbon Restoration During the Restoration of the Bourbon monarchy (1815–1830) that followed the downfall of Napoleon, Paris was ruled by a royal government which tried to reverse many of the changes made to the city during the French Revolution. The city grew in population from 713,966 in 1817 to 785,866 in 1831. During the period Parisians saw the first public transport system, the first gas street lights, and the first uniformed Paris policemen. In July 1830, a popular uprising in the streets of Paris brought down the Bourbon monarchy and began reign of a constitutional monarch, Louis-Philippe.