Group 11 element Parkes process. These metals, especially silver, have unusual properties that make them essential for industrial applications outside of their monetary or decorative value. They are all excellent conductors of electricity. The most conductive of all metals are silver, copper and gold in that order. Silver is also the most thermally conductive element, and the most light reflecting element. Silver also has the unusual property that the tarnish that forms on silver is still highly electrically conductive. Copper is used extensively in electrical wiring and circuitry. Gold contacts are sometimes found in precision equipment for their ability to remain corrosion-free. Silver
Conductor (ring theory) be commutative rings, and assume . The conductor of "A" in "B" is the ideal Here is viewed as a quotient of "A"-modules, and denotes the annihilator. More concretely, the conductor is the set Because the conductor is defined as an annihilator, it is an ideal of "A". If "B" is an integral domain, then the conductor may be rewritten as where formula_4 is considered as a subset of the fraction field of "B". That is, if "a" is non-zero and in the conductor, then every element of "B" may be written as a fraction whose numerator is in "A"