Cerium(IV) oxide used as a mixed conductor. Ceria is of interest as a material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) because of its relatively high oxygen ion conductivity (i.e. oxygen atoms readily move through it) at intermediate temperatures (500–650 °C) and lower association enthalpy compared to Zirconia system. The cerium(IV) oxide–cerium(III) oxide cycle or CeO/CeO cycle is a two step thermochemical water splitting process based on cerium(IV) oxide and cerium(III) oxide for hydrogen production. Cerium(IV) oxide Cerium(IV) oxide, also known as ceric oxide, ceric dioxide, ceria, cerium oxide or cerium dioxide, is an oxide of the rare-earth metal cerium. It is a
Dihydrogen complex separations > 1 Å are better described as dihydride complexes (see figure). The usual method for characterization is H NMR spectroscopy. The magnitude of spin-spin coupling, "J", is a useful indicator of the strength of the bond between the hydrogen and deuterium in HD complexes. For example, "J" is 43.2 Hz in HD but 33.5 Hz in W(HD)(CO)(PPr). Dihydrogen complexes typically have shorter H-spin-lattice relaxation times than the corresponding dihydrides. An ideal if nontrivial method of characterization of dihydrogen complexes is neutron diffraction. Neutrons interact strongly with hydrogen atoms, which allows one to infer their location in a crystal. In