Nephrology guidance, of a core biopsy needle into the kidney to obtain a small sample of kidney tissue. The kidney tissue is then examined under a microscope, allowing direct visualization of the changes occurring within the kidney. Additionally, the pathology may also stage a problem affecting the kidney, allowing some degree of prognostication. In some circumstances, kidney biopsy will also be used to monitor response to treatment and identify early relapse. Treatments in nephrology can include medications, blood products, surgical interventions (urology, vascular or surgical procedures), renal replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplantation) and plasma exchange. Kidney problems can have significant
The six organs in the Palace of Mafra as the reassembling of the organ of São Pedro d’Alcântara, were left unfinished. Until 1998, the organs only received minor repairs. That year, the global restoration of the ensemble, entrusted to the Portuguese organ builder Dinarte Machado, began and was concluded in 2010. This project included the reconstruction of the organ of São Pedro d’Alcântara, incorporating all the materials recovered since it was disassembled around 1820. The six organs (two in the main chapel, two in the northern transept, and two in the southern transept), although different, have several common features. Some, like the horizontal reeds and the divided keyboard,