Polish Society of Nephrology improvements in continuous professional development as well as research activities among young doctors and other professionals in the fields of nephrology, dialysis therapy and renal transplantation. PSN Congresses are organized every three years. As yet twelve Congresses were held in the following locations in Poland: 1st Congress - Bydgoszcz (1983) 2nd Congress - Kraków (1986) 3rd Congress - Gdańsk (1989) 4th Congress - Katowice (1992) 5th Congress - Lublin (1995) 6th Congress - Poznań (1998) 7th Congress - Kraków (2001) 8th Congress - Białystok (2004) 9th Congress – Katowice/Wisła (2007) 10th Congress - Bydgoszcz (2010) 11th Congress - Wrocław (2013)
Transplantable organs and tissues judged suitable, despite the time delay this involves. Once suitable donor organs are present, the surgeon makes an incision starting above and finishing below the sternum, cutting all the way to the bone. The skin edges are retracted to expose the sternum. Using a bone saw, the sternum is cut down the middle. Rib spreaders are inserted in the cut, and spread the ribs to give access to the heart and lungs of the patient. The patient is connected to a heart-lung machine, which circulates and oxygenates blood. The surgeon removes the failing heart and lungs. Most surgeons endeavour to