Sitting Bull the federal government's pacification campaign. During the period 1868–1876, Sitting Bull developed into the most important of Native American political leaders. After the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) and the creation of the Great Sioux Reservation, many traditional Sioux warriors, such as Red Cloud of the Oglala and Spotted Tail of the Brulé, moved to reside permanently on the reservations. They were largely dependent for subsistence on the US Indian agencies. Many other chiefs, including members of Sitting Bull's Hunkpapa band such as Gall, at times lived temporarily at the agencies. They needed the supplies at a time when white
Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe, 435 U.S. 191 (1978), is a United States Supreme Court case deciding "whether Indian tribal courts have criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians." The Court held that they did not. The case was decided on March 6, 1978, with a 6–2 majority. The court opinion was written by William Rehnquist; a dissenting opinion was written by Thurgood Marshall, who was joined by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger. Justice William J. Brennan did not participate in the decision. Congress partially abrogated the Court's holding in Oliphant when it enacted the Violence Against Women