Polish Society of Nephrology Polish Society of Nephrology Polish Society of Nephrology (PSN; Polish: Polskie Towarzystwo Nefrologiczne) – non-profit medical-scientific association, established in 1983, with a current headquarters in Warsaw that unites nephrologists, physicians and other scholars, experts and professionals in the fields of kidney diseases, dialysis therapy and renal transplantation. Polish Society of Nephrology was established during the First Funding Congress, which was held in September 1983 in Bydgoszcz and registered in the District Court in Łódź. To that time there were two separate societies gathering doctors and other health care professionals specialized in kidney diseases - Nephrology Committee of the Polish Academy
Circumventricular organs an integral part of neuroendocrine function. The highly permeable capillaries allow the CVOs to act as an alternative route for peptides and hormones in the neural tissue to sample from and secrete to circulating blood. CVOs also have roles in body fluid regulation, cardiovascular functions, immune responses, thirst, feeding behavior and reproductive behavior. CVOs can be classified as either sensory or secretory organs serving homeostatic functions and body water balance. The sensory organs include the area postrema (AP), the subfornical organ (SFO) and the vascular organ of lamina terminalis, all having the ability to sense signals in blood, then pass