Heavy metals elements and the more reactive of the d-block elements. They have a strong affinity for oxygen and mostly exist as relatively low density silicate minerals. Chalcophile heavy metals are mainly the less reactive d-block elements, and period 4–6 p-block metals and metalloids. They are usually found in (insoluble) sulfide minerals. Being denser than the lithophiles, hence sinking lower into the crust at the time of its solidification, the chalcophiles tend to be less abundant than the lithophiles. On the other hand, gold is a siderophile, or iron-loving element. It does not readily form compounds with either oxygen or sulfur. At
Institute of Cast Metals Engineers Institute of Cast Metals Engineers The Institute of Cast Metals Engineers (ICME), originally the British Foundrymen's Association is a British professional engineering institution founded in 1904. It publishes the Foundry Trade Journal, which was established in 1902. It was founded as the British Foundrymen's Association in 1904. It was given a Royal Charter on 25 November 1921. On 11 October 2000, it changed its name to the Institute of Cast Metals Engineers. It is licensed by the Engineering Council to assess candidates for inclusion on its Register of professional Engineers and Technicians. The Institute's address is ICME Metalforming Centre, 47