Cerium(IV) oxide used as a mixed conductor. Ceria is of interest as a material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) because of its relatively high oxygen ion conductivity (i.e. oxygen atoms readily move through it) at intermediate temperatures (500–650 °C) and lower association enthalpy compared to Zirconia system. The cerium(IV) oxide–cerium(III) oxide cycle or CeO/CeO cycle is a two step thermochemical water splitting process based on cerium(IV) oxide and cerium(III) oxide for hydrogen production. Cerium(IV) oxide Cerium(IV) oxide, also known as ceric oxide, ceric dioxide, ceria, cerium oxide or cerium dioxide, is an oxide of the rare-earth metal cerium. It is a
Dihydrogen bond a protic acid and the borane end is hydridic. The resulting B−HH−N attractions stabilize the molecule as a solid. In contrast, the related substance ethane, HCCH, is a gas with a boiling point 285 °C lower. Because two hydrogen centers are involved, the interaction is termed a dihydrogen bond. Formation of a dihydrogen bond is assumed to precede formation of H from the reaction of a hydride and a protic acid. A very short dihydrogen bond is observed in NaBH·2HO with H−H contacts of 1.79, 1.86, and 1.94 Å. Protonation of transition metal hydride complexes is generally thought to occur