Referendums related to the European Union by 51.9% to leave the European Union. Greenland, an autonomous territory of Denmark, voted to leave the EC in a referendum in 1982 by 53% of voters. In 1972, four countries held referendums on the subject of the 1973 enlargement of the European Communities. Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom were admitted as members of the EC, acceding on 1 January 1973. Two referendums were held in EU countries to permit them to ratify the Single European Act. In 1994, four countries, and one dependency, held referendums on membership of the EU, resulting in the 1995 enlargement of the European
Western European Union European Security and Defence Identity (ESDI) within NATO structures. The ESDI was intended as a European 'pillar' within NATO, partly to allow European countries to act militarily where NATO wished not to, and partly to alleviate the United States' financial burden of maintaining military bases in Europe, which it had done since the Cold War. The Berlin agreement allowed European countries (through the WEU) to use NATO assets if it so wished. In 1998 the United Kingdom, which had traditionally opposed the introduction of European autonomous defence capacities, signed the Saint-Malo declaration. This marked a turning point as the declaration