Proton pack Proton pack The proton pack is an energy weapon used for weakening ghosts and aiding in capturing them within the "Ghostbusters" universe. First depicted in the film "Ghostbusters", it has a hand-held wand ("Neutrona Wand" or particle thrower) connected to a backpack-sized particle accelerator. It fires a stream of highly focused and radially polarized protons that electrostatically traps the negatively charged energy of a ghost, allowing it to be held in the stream. The proton pack, designed by Dr. Egon Spengler, is a man-portable particle accelerator system that is used to create a charged particle beam—composed of protons—that is fired
Pictet–Spengler reaction tetrahydroisoquinoline synthesis. Reaction conditions are generally harsher than the indole variant, and require refluxing conditions with strong acids like hydrochloric acid, trifluoroacetic acid or superacids. Instead of catalyzing the Pictet-Spengler cyclization with strong acid, one can acylate the iminium ion forming the intermediate "N"-acyliminium ion. The "N"-acyliminium ion is a very powerful electrophile and most aromatic ring systems will cyclize under mild conditions with good yields. Tadalafil is synthesized via the "N"-acyliminium Pictet–Spengler reaction. This reaction can also be catalyzed by AuCl and AgOTf. When the Pictet–Spengler reaction is performed with an aldehyde other than formaldehyde, a new chiral center