Polish Society of Nephrology improvements in continuous professional development as well as research activities among young doctors and other professionals in the fields of nephrology, dialysis therapy and renal transplantation. PSN Congresses are organized every three years. As yet twelve Congresses were held in the following locations in Poland: 1st Congress - Bydgoszcz (1983) 2nd Congress - Kraków (1986) 3rd Congress - Gdańsk (1989) 4th Congress - Katowice (1992) 5th Congress - Lublin (1995) 6th Congress - Poznań (1998) 7th Congress - Kraków (2001) 8th Congress - Białystok (2004) 9th Congress – Katowice/Wisła (2007) 10th Congress - Bydgoszcz (2010) 11th Congress - Wrocław (2013)
Methods used to study memory able to show that food-caching birds have much larger hippocampus’ than non food-caching birds. Without techniques such as cell labeling, neuronal staining and careful post mortem analysis, these comparison studies would be impossible. Songbirds are excellent animal models for studying learning and auditory memory. These birds have highly developed vocal organs, which give them the ability to create diverse and elaborate birdsongs. Neurotoxic lesions can be used to study how specific brain structures are key for this type of learning and scientists can also manipulate the environment in which these birds are raised. In addition, with functional MRI the response