Polish Society of Nephrology improvements in continuous professional development as well as research activities among young doctors and other professionals in the fields of nephrology, dialysis therapy and renal transplantation. PSN Congresses are organized every three years. As yet twelve Congresses were held in the following locations in Poland: 1st Congress - Bydgoszcz (1983) 2nd Congress - Kraków (1986) 3rd Congress - Gdańsk (1989) 4th Congress - Katowice (1992) 5th Congress - Lublin (1995) 6th Congress - Poznań (1998) 7th Congress - Kraków (2001) 8th Congress - Białystok (2004) 9th Congress – Katowice/Wisła (2007) 10th Congress - Bydgoszcz (2010) 11th Congress - Wrocław (2013)
Circumventricular organs isoleucine, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and somastotin. However, these probably accumulate in the pineal but are not produced by the gland itself. Circumventricular organs Circumventricular organs (CVOs) are structures in the brain characterized by their extensive and highly permeable microvasculature, unlike those in the rest of the brain where there exists a blood brain barrier (BBB). The term "circumventricular organs" was originally proposed in 1958 by Austrian anatomist Helmut Hofer, in recognition of the distribution of the structures around the ventricular system of the brain. The circumventricular organs are midline structures around the third and fourth ventricles that are