Armenian cuisine breakfast dishes were hearty. They included: "Hash", sometimes colloquially called the "Armenian hangover cure", is a basic dish of simmered cow's hooves. "Hash" is mentioned in 12th century medieval Armenian texts. Meals in Armenia often start with a spread of appetizers served for "the table". Armenian appetizers include stuffed vine leaves (called "yalanchy sarma", a type of "dolma"), a fried cheese-stuffed pastry called "dabgadz banir boerag", stuffed mussels ("midye dolma") and several types of pickled vegetables generally known as "torshi". Toasted pumpkin seeds are a popular snack; Armenians call them "tutumi gud". Chickpea balls called "topik" are made by Turkey's
Vine copula Bayesian networks. In finance, vine copulas have been shown to effectively model tail risk in portfolio optimization applications. The first regular vine, avant la lettre, was introduced by Harry Joe. The motive was to extend parametric bivariate extreme value copula families to higher dimensions. To this end he introduced what would later be called the "D-vine". Joe was interested in a class of n-variate distributions with given one dimensional margins, and "n"("n" − 1) dependence parameters, whereby "n" − 1 parameters correspond to bivariate margins, and the others correspond to conditional bivariate margins. In the case of multivariate normal distributions,