Nephrology to train in pediatric nephrology, and internal medicine (adult) trained physicians may enter general (adult) nephrology fellowships. History and physical examination are central to the diagnostic workup in nephrology. The history typically includes the present illness, family history, general medical history, diet, medication use, drug use and occupation. The physical examination typically includes an assessment of volume state, blood pressure, heart, lungs, peripheral arteries, joints, abdomen and flank. Examination of the urine (urinalysis) allows a direct assessment for possible kidney problems, which may be suggested by appearance of blood in the urine (haematuria), protein in the urine (proteinuria), pus cells
Polish Society of Nephrology 12th Congress - Łódź (2016) 13th Congress will be held in 2019 in Poznań. Annual conferences are organized between the congresses. Local committees meetings are held 2-3 times a year. Several scientific meetings are endorsed by PSN and include “Olgierd Smoleński Cracovian Days of Dialysis Therapy”, Katowice Seminars “Advances in Nephrology and Hypertension”, Post-ASN Meetings, German-Czech-Polish Symposia “Modern Aspects of Nephrology and Hypertension”, Nephrocardiology Conferences and Top Nephrological Trends Congresses. ● Polish Nephrology and Dialysis Therapy - established in 1997, edited by Przegląd Lekarski publisher, publishes original papers, reviews, statements and recommendations, letters to editor and case reports. The editor-in-chief