Nephrology guidance, of a core biopsy needle into the kidney to obtain a small sample of kidney tissue. The kidney tissue is then examined under a microscope, allowing direct visualization of the changes occurring within the kidney. Additionally, the pathology may also stage a problem affecting the kidney, allowing some degree of prognostication. In some circumstances, kidney biopsy will also be used to monitor response to treatment and identify early relapse. Treatments in nephrology can include medications, blood products, surgical interventions (urology, vascular or surgical procedures), renal replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplantation) and plasma exchange. Kidney problems can have significant
Four Organs work, each tone sounds almost in sequence. A continuous maraca beat serves as a rhythmic framework. Reich describes the piece as "the longest V–I cadence in the history of Western Music," the V and I chords being contained within the one chord. "You'll find the chord in Debussy and Thelonious Monk – the tonic on top and the dominant on the bottom." He has cited the music of Pérotin and other twelfth and thirteenth century composers as suggesting the technique of note augmentation used in "Four Organs". For performances of the piece, Reich recommended using electronic organs with as plain