History of painting of the European abstract schools such as futurism, the Bauhaus and synthetic cubism. Abstract expressionism, action painting, and Color Field painting are synonymous with the New York School. Technically Surrealism was an important predecessor for abstract expressionism with its emphasis on spontaneous, automatic or subconscious creation. Jackson Pollock's dripping paint onto a canvas laid on the floor is a technique that has its roots in the work of André Masson. Another important ear<nowiki>ly m</nowiki>anifestation of what came to be abstract expressionism is the work of American Northwest artist Mark Tobey, especially his "white writing" canvases, which, though generally not large
Water-pouring algorithm Water-pouring algorithm The water-pouring algorithm is a technique used in digital communications systems for allocating power among different channels in multicarrier schemes. It was described by R. C. Gallager in 1968 along with the water-pouring theorem which proves its optimality for channels having Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and intersymbol interference (ISI). For this reason, it is a standard baseline algorithm for various digital communications systems. The intuition that gives the algorithm its name is to think of the communication medium as if it was some kind of water container with an uneven bottom. Each of the available channels is