Nephrology impact on quality and length of life, and so psychological support, health education and advanced care planning play key roles in nephrology. Chronic kidney disease is typically managed with treatment of causative conditions (such as diabetes), avoidance of substances toxic to the kidneys (nephrotoxins like radiologic contrast and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), antihypertensives, diet and weight modification and planning for end-stage kidney failure. Impaired kidney function has systemic effects on the body. An erythropoetin stimulating agent may be required to ensure adequate production of red blood cells, activated vitamin D supplements and phosphate binders may be required to counteract the effects
The six organs in the Palace of Mafra organs were produced that year. Shortly after their completion, the French invasion and the following exile of the Portuguese Court to Brazil led to the organs decaying for lack of maintenance. A decade later – possibly in connection with the prospect of the return of the Portuguese royal family – the six organs were subject to a major intervention. The intent of these works, undertaken by Machado e Cerveira, was not only to repair the instruments but also to enlarge them. Unfortunately, the works were interrupted a few years later (Machado e Cerveira died in 1828), and several items, such