Trimethylamine N-oxide Trimethylamine N-oxide Trimethylamine "N"-oxide (TMAO) is an organic compound with the formula (CH)NO. It is in the class of amine oxides. Although the anhydrous compound is known, trimethylamine "N"-oxide is usually encountered as the dihydrate. It is a product of the oxidation of trimethylamine, a common metabolite in animals. Both the anhydrous and hydrated materials are white, water-soluble solids. Trimethylamine "N"-oxide is an osmolyte found in saltwater fishes, sharks, rays, molluscs, and crustaceans. It is considered as a protein stabilizer that may serve to counteract urea, the major osmolyte of sharks, skates and rays. It is also higher in deep-sea
10-Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate MDP Monomer (10-Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate) is used for dental adhesive materials. The phosphate monomer was developed by Kuraray co., Ltd. with focus on the dental adhesion technology in 1981. 10-MDP MDP is synthesized according to the following reaction. At first, 10-hydroxydecy methacrylate is synthesized by reaction with methacrylic acid and 1,10-decandiol. Next, phosphoryl chloride is added to 10-hydroxydecy methacrylate, then, the bonding of P-Cl is hydrolyzed. In the late 1970s, tooth adhesion phosphate monomer: 2-methacryloyloxethyl phenyl hydrogen phosphate (Phenyl-P) was developed for tooth substance saving restoration technique. 4-Methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitic acid anhydride (4-META) that adhere to not only