Nephrology certified in nephrology is called a "nephrologist". The term "nephrology" was first used in about 1960. Before then, the specialty was usually referred to as "kidney medicine." Nephrology concerns the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases, including electrolyte disturbances and hypertension, and the care of those requiring renal replacement therapy, including dialysis and renal transplant patients. Many diseases affecting the kidney are systemic disorders not limited to the organ itself, and may require special treatment. Examples include acquired conditions such as systemic vasculitides (e.g. ANCA vasculitis) and autoimmune diseases (e.g., lupus), as well as congenital or genetic conditions such as
Transplantable organs and tissues Transplantable organs and tissues Transplantable organs and tissues may both refer to organs and tissues that are relatively often or routinely transplanted (here "main organs and tissues"), as well as relatively seldom transplanted organs and tissues and ones on the experimental stage. "Heart transplantation" is performed on patients with end-stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease. The most common procedure is to take a working heart from a recently deceased organ donor (allograft) and implant it into the patient. The patient's own heart may either be removed (orthotopic procedure) or, less commonly, left in to support the donor heart