Cerium(IV) oxide used as a mixed conductor. Ceria is of interest as a material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) because of its relatively high oxygen ion conductivity (i.e. oxygen atoms readily move through it) at intermediate temperatures (500–650 °C) and lower association enthalpy compared to Zirconia system. The cerium(IV) oxide–cerium(III) oxide cycle or CeO/CeO cycle is a two step thermochemical water splitting process based on cerium(IV) oxide and cerium(III) oxide for hydrogen production. Cerium(IV) oxide Cerium(IV) oxide, also known as ceric oxide, ceric dioxide, ceria, cerium oxide or cerium dioxide, is an oxide of the rare-earth metal cerium. It is a
Lithium ion manganese oxide battery Lithium ion manganese oxide battery A Lithium ion manganese oxide battery is a lithium ion cell that uses manganese dioxide, , as the primary cathode material. They function through the same intercalation/de-intercalation mechanism as other commercialized secondary battery technologies, such as . They are a promising technology as their manganese-oxide components are earth-abundant, inexpensive, non-toxic, and provide better thermal stability. One of the more prominent compounds is , a lithium-manganese-oxide based material with a spinel structure (space group Fd3m). In addition to being a cheap and non-toxic alternative material, the spinel structure of provides a three-dimensional framework for the insertion