October (Roman month) October (Roman month) October (from Latin "octo", "eight") or mensis October was the eighth of ten months on the oldest Roman calendar. It had 31 days. October followed September (from "septem", "seven") and preceded November ("novem", "nine"). After the calendar reform that resulted in a 12-month year, October became the tenth month, but retained its numerical name, as did the other months from September through December. Some of the observances in October marked the close of the season for military campaigning and farming, which commenced in March ("Martius", "Mars' month"). October was under the guardianship "(tutela)" of Mars. The Romans
Shina (word) Shina (word) The Sanskrit word ' ( ), meaning China, was transcribed into various forms including (), (), () and (). Thus, the term "Shina" was initially created as a transliteration of "Cina", and this term was in turn brought to Japan with the spread of Chinese Buddhism. Traditional etymology holds that the Sanskrit name, like Middle Persian "Čīn" and Latin "Sina", derives from the Qin state or dynasty (, Old Chinese: ') which ruled China in 221–206 BC, and so "Shina" is a return of "Qin" to Chinese in a different form. The Sanskrit term for China eventually spread