Thermodynamic temperature straightforward; for instance, calculating how a temperature change affects the pressure inside an automobile tire. If the tire has a cold pressure of 200 kPa-gage , then in absolute terms (relative to a vacuum), its pressure is 300 kPa-absolute. Room temperature ("cold" in tire terms) is 296 K. If the tire temperature is 20 °C hotter (20 kelvins), the solution is calculated as = 6.8% greater thermodynamic temperature "and" absolute pressure; that is, a pressure of 320 kPa-absolute, which is 220 kPa-gage. The thermodynamic temperature is defined by the ideal gas law and its consequences. It can be linked also
Absolute zero energy. The laws of thermodynamics indicate that absolute zero cannot be reached using only thermodynamic means, because the temperature of the substance being cooled approaches the temperature of the cooling agent asymptotically, and a system at absolute zero still possesses quantum mechanical zero-point energy, the energy of its ground state at absolute zero. The kinetic energy of the ground state cannot be removed. Scientists and technologists routinely achieve temperatures close to absolute zero, where matter exhibits quantum effects such as superconductivity and superfluidity. At temperatures near , nearly all molecular motion ceases and Δ"S" = 0 for any adiabatic process,