Lauryldimethylamine oxide intermolecular interactions), DDAO is a strongly hydrophilic surfactant: it forms normal micelles and normal liquid crystalline phases. High hydrophilicity of this surfactant can be explained by the fact that it forms very strong hydrogen bonds with water: the energy of DDAO – water hydrogen bond is about 50 kJ/mol. Lauryldimethylamine oxide Lauryldimethylamine oxide (LDAO), also known as dodecyldimethylamine oxide (DDAO), is an amine oxide based nonionic surfactant, with a C (dodecyl) alkyl tail. It is one of the most frequently-used surfactants of this type. Like other amine oxide based surfactants it is antimicrobial, being effective against common bacteria such as
Graphite oxide obtained. Reduction of this almost intact graphene oxide performs much better and the mobility values of charge carriers exceeds 1000 cm/Vs for the best quality of flakes. Inspection with the atomic force microscope shows that the oxygen bonds distort the carbon layer, creating a pronounced intrinsic roughness in the oxide layers which persists after reduction. These defects also show up in Raman spectra of graphene oxide. Large amounts of graphene sheets may also be produced through thermal methods. For example, in 2006 a method was discovered that simultaneously exfoliates and reduces graphite oxide by rapid heating (>2000 °C/min) to 1050