Cerium(IV) oxide used as a mixed conductor. Ceria is of interest as a material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) because of its relatively high oxygen ion conductivity (i.e. oxygen atoms readily move through it) at intermediate temperatures (500–650 °C) and lower association enthalpy compared to Zirconia system. The cerium(IV) oxide–cerium(III) oxide cycle or CeO/CeO cycle is a two step thermochemical water splitting process based on cerium(IV) oxide and cerium(III) oxide for hydrogen production. Cerium(IV) oxide Cerium(IV) oxide, also known as ceric oxide, ceric dioxide, ceria, cerium oxide or cerium dioxide, is an oxide of the rare-earth metal cerium. It is a
Dihydrogen cation of the ion is 1.8 eV. High speed electrons also cause ionization of hydrogen molecules with a peak cross section around 50 eV. The peak cross section for ionization for high speed protons is with a cross section of . A cosmic ray proton at lower energy can also strip an electron off a neutral hydrogen molecule to form a neutral hydrogen atom and the dihydrogen cation, (p + H → H + ) with a peak cross section at around of . An artificial plasma discharge cell can also produce the ion. Dihydrogen cation The hydrogen molecular ion, dihydrogen