Oxide copper, so it displaces copper (II) oxide to form zinc oxide: Apart from metals, hydrogen can also displace metal oxides to form hydrogen oxide, also known as water: Since metals that are reactive form oxides that are stable, some metal oxides must be electrolyzed to be reduced. This includes sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and aluminium oxide. The oxides must be molten before immersing graphite electrodes in them: Oxides typically react with acids or bases, sometimes both. Those reacting only with acids are labeled basic oxides. Those reacting only by bases are called "acidic oxides". Oxides that
Graphite oxide deposition is done under ambient conditions and can use a wide range of substrates. Langmuir-Blodgett has been suggested to produce films with better quality compared to other methods such as chemical vapor deposition, spin coating or dip coating. Graphene oxide can be further reduced into graphene. Nonlinear optical materials are of great importance for ultrafast photonics and optoelectronics. Recently, the giant optical nonlinearities of graphene oxide (GO) has been proved useful for a number of applications. For example, the optical limiting of GO are indispensable to protect sensitive instruments from laser-induced damage. And the saturable absorption can be used for