Apothecaries' system countries. The weight of an apothecaries' pound was 345.1 g in Spain and 344.2 g in Portugal. As in Italy, some of the additional subdivisions of the Roman system, such as the "obolo", were still in use there. It was standard to use the "marco", defined as 8 ounces, instead of the pound. In 18th century France, there was a national weight standard, the "marc de Paris" of 8 ounces. The civil pound of 16 ounces was equivalent to 2 marks, and it was also used as the apothecaries' pound. With 30.6 g, the ounces were considerably heavier than other
Anglo-Saxon pound × 32 = 7680 wheat grain. The Tower wheat grain was defined as exactly of a troy grain. Expressed in modern English troy grains, the Tower pound was 7680 × = 5400 modern troy grains (350 g). The Tower pound was divided into 12 ounces, each ounce into 20 pennyweights, and each pennyweight into 24 barleycorns. There were thus 480 barleycorns to a Tower ounce, 5760 barleycorns to a Tower pound of 350 g. The Anglo-Saxon pound (Saxon pound, moneyers' pound or Tower pound) remained in use for silver and gold coinage in England after the adoption of the medieval