Lauryldimethylamine oxide intermolecular interactions), DDAO is a strongly hydrophilic surfactant: it forms normal micelles and normal liquid crystalline phases. High hydrophilicity of this surfactant can be explained by the fact that it forms very strong hydrogen bonds with water: the energy of DDAO – water hydrogen bond is about 50 kJ/mol. Lauryldimethylamine oxide Lauryldimethylamine oxide (LDAO), also known as dodecyldimethylamine oxide (DDAO), is an amine oxide based nonionic surfactant, with a C (dodecyl) alkyl tail. It is one of the most frequently-used surfactants of this type. Like other amine oxide based surfactants it is antimicrobial, being effective against common bacteria such as
Copper(II) oxide from the solids. These complexes are decomposed with steam to give CuO. It can be formed by heating copper in air at around 300 – 800°C: For laboratory uses, pure copper(II) oxide is better prepared by heating copper(II) nitrate, copper(II) hydroxide or copper(II) carbonate: Copper(II) oxide dissolves in mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid to give the corresponding copper(II) salts: It reacts with concentrated alkali to form the corresponding cuprate salts: It can also be reduced to copper metal using hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or carbon: When cupric oxide is substituted for iron oxide in thermite