Polish Society of Nephrology improvements in continuous professional development as well as research activities among young doctors and other professionals in the fields of nephrology, dialysis therapy and renal transplantation. PSN Congresses are organized every three years. As yet twelve Congresses were held in the following locations in Poland: 1st Congress - Bydgoszcz (1983) 2nd Congress - Kraków (1986) 3rd Congress - Gdańsk (1989) 4th Congress - Katowice (1992) 5th Congress - Lublin (1995) 6th Congress - Poznań (1998) 7th Congress - Kraków (2001) 8th Congress - Białystok (2004) 9th Congress – Katowice/Wisła (2007) 10th Congress - Bydgoszcz (2010) 11th Congress - Wrocław (2013)
Transplantable organs and tissues a procedure carried out to replace both heart and lungs in a single operation. Due to a shortage of suitable donors, it is a rare procedure; only about a hundred such transplants are performed each year in the United States. The patient is anesthetised. When the donor organs arrive, they are checked for fitness; if any organs show signs of damage, they are discarded and the operation cancelled. In order to avoid removal of recipient organs when donor organs are not viable, it is standard procedure that the patient is not operated on until the donor organs arrive and are