United States raw milk debate systematic review of the food safety of unpasteurized milk concluded that science-based data to substantiate claims of health benefits "are lacking or do not exist" and the risks associated with disease outbreaks as a result of raw milk consumption are "considerably higher". Pasteurization was first used in the United States in the 1890s after the discovery of germ theory to control the hazards of highly contagious bacterial diseases, including bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis, that could be easily transmitted to humans through the drinking of raw milk. Initially after the scientific discovery of bacteria, no product testing was available to determine
Conflict procedure and contingent electric foot shocks." In order to operate the experiment, researchers build anxiety by electrical shocks on rats gradually through a training in serval week. This process was what researchers called Conflict Procedure. Conflict procedure The conflict procedure is an experiment often used in scientific research to quantify anxiety levels by measuring changes in punished/unpunished responding. It is often used to screen drugs for their potential to inhibit anxiety (anxiolytic potential). Some researchers from France have conducted an experiment on "Effects of Chronic Antidepressants in an Operant Conflict Procedure of Anxiety in the rat (1998)", "the aim of their