Four-wheel drive 1987. Audi also introduced a permanently all-wheel-driven road-going car, the Audi Quattro, in 1980. Audi's chassis engineer, Jörg Bensinger, had noticed in winter tests in Scandinavia that a vehicle used by the German Army, the Volkswagen Iltis, could beat any high-performance Audi. He proposed developing a four-wheel-drive car, that would also be used for rallying to improve Audi's conservative image. The Audi Quattro system became a feature on production cars. In 1987, Toyota also developed a car built for competition in rally campaigns. A limited number of road-going FIA Homologation Special Vehicle Celica GT-Four (known as Toyota Celica All-Trac Turbo
Four-wheel drive to the public during the 1900 World Exhibition in Paris. The vehicle was a series hybrid car, that used an electric hub motor at each wheel, powered by batteries, which were in turn charged by a gasoline-engine generator. It was clumsily heavy and due to its unusual status the so-called "Lohner-Porsche" is not frequently given its credit as the first four-wheel-driven automobile. The world's first four-wheel drive car directly powered by an internal combustion engine, and the first with a front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout was the Dutch "Spyker 60 H.P." Commissioned for the Paris to Madrid race of 1903, it was