De Marssumermolen, Marssum 57 cogs. This drives the "wallower" (31 cogs) at the top of the "upright shaft". At the bottom of the "upright shaft" there are two "crown wheels"' The upper "crown wheel", which has 17 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is diameter and long. This screw is used to pump water into the polder. The lower "crown wheel", which has 43 cogs, drives a gearwheel with 38 cogs on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder. The axle of the screw is diameter and long. The screw is diameter.
Archimedes of circles. The earliest known copy of the text is in Arabic. The scholars T.L. Heath and Marshall Clagett argued that it cannot have been written by Archimedes in its current form, since it quotes Archimedes, suggesting modification by another author. The "Lemmas" may be based on an earlier work by Archimedes that is now lost. It has also been claimed that Heron's formula for calculating the area of a triangle from the length of its sides was known to Archimedes. However, the first reliable reference to the formula is given by Heron of Alexandria in the 1st century AD.