Four-wheel drive 1987. Audi also introduced a permanently all-wheel-driven road-going car, the Audi Quattro, in 1980. Audi's chassis engineer, Jörg Bensinger, had noticed in winter tests in Scandinavia that a vehicle used by the German Army, the Volkswagen Iltis, could beat any high-performance Audi. He proposed developing a four-wheel-drive car, that would also be used for rallying to improve Audi's conservative image. The Audi Quattro system became a feature on production cars. In 1987, Toyota also developed a car built for competition in rally campaigns. A limited number of road-going FIA Homologation Special Vehicle Celica GT-Four (known as Toyota Celica All-Trac Turbo
Four-wheel drive X 4". "Four-wheel drive (4WD)" refers to vehicles with two axles providing torque to four axle ends. In the North American market the term generally refers to a system that is optimized for off-road driving conditions. The term "4WD" is typically designated for vehicles equipped with a transfer case which switches between 2WD and 4WD operating modes, either manually or automatically. "All-wheel drive (AWD)" historically was synonymous with "four-wheel drive" on four-wheeled vehicles, and six-wheel drive on 6×6s, and so on, being used in that fashion at least as early as the 1920s. Today in North America the term is