Science fiction fandom other groups including LGBT communities, libertarians, neo-pagans, and space activist groups like the L5 Society, among many others. Some groups exist almost entirely within fandom but are distinct and cohesive subcultures in their own rights, such as filkers, costumers, and convention runners (sometimes called "SMOFs"). Fandom encompasses subsets of fans that are principally interested in a single writer or subgenre, such as Tolkien fandom, and ("Trekkies"). Even short-lived television series may have dedicated followings, such as the fans of Joss Whedon's "Firefly" television series and movie "Serenity", known as Browncoats. Participation in science fiction fandom often overlaps with other similar
History of science fiction films story about a boy in Bengal befriending an alien. Production of the film was cancelled, but the script was released and available throughout the world. Ray believed that the 1982 Steven Spielberg film "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial" was based on "The Alien", though Spielberg states that it was not. "Planet of the Apes" (1968) was extremely popular, spawning four sequels and a television series. While not strictly-speaking science fiction, some of the James Bond films included a variety of science fiction-like gadgetry. Possibly the most significant Science Fiction film of the 1960s was "" of 1968, directed by Stanley Kubrick and