The Communist Manifesto the Prussian police. At their trial in Cologne 18 months later in late 1852 they were sentenced to 3–6 years' imprisonment. For Engels, the revolution was "forced into the background by the reaction that began with the defeat of the Paris workers in June 1848, and was finally excommunicated 'by law' in the conviction of the Cologne Communists in November 1852". After the defeat of the 1848 revolutions the "Manifesto" fell into obscurity, where it remained throughout the 1850s and 1860s. Hobsbawm says that by November 1850 the "Manifesto" "had become sufficiently scarce for Marx to think it worth reprinting
Il manifesto independent than the party newspaper "l'Unità". The 1991 PCI dissolution that gave birth to the social democratic Democratic Party of the Left was not followed by "il manifesto", a paper which maintains positions closer to those of robustly left-wing parties such as the Communist Refoundation Party while remaining independent. "il manifesto" is known in Italy for its bitter and sarcastic headlines, puns and clever choice of photographs. For example, the day of the election of Pope Benedict XVI, the first page of "il manifesto" featured a large photo of the newly elected pope along with the title "the German shepherd".