The Communist Manifesto was a one-party state under the rule of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Unlike their mass-based counterparts of the Second International, the CPSU and other Leninist parties like it in the Third International expected their members to know the classic works of Marx, Engels and Lenin. Further, party leaders were expected to base their policy decisions on Marxist-Leninist ideology. Therefore works such as the "Manifesto" were required reading for the party rank-and-file. Therefore the widespread dissemination of Marx and Engels' works became an important policy objective; backed by a sovereign state, the CPSU had relatively inexhaustible resources
John Younger (writer) June 1860, and was buried beside his 'Nannie' (often celebrated in his writings; she died in 1856) in St. Boswells kirkyard. He left some rich materials for a 'memoir' of himself, to which he had given the title 'Obscurities in Private Life developed; or Robinson Crusoe untravelled.' These were recast into an 'Autobiography of John Younger,' and published at Kelso in 1881. His best thoughts are contained in this and in two bulky volumes of correspondence which remain unpublished. Good engraved portraits of Younger are prefixed both to the 'Autobiography' and to 'River Angling.’ John Younger (writer) John Younger (1785–1860),