Cinema of Argentina because harassment led to the exile of a number of prominent actors, among them Alberto de Mendoza, Arturo García Buhr, Niní Marshall and Libertad Lamarque, whose rivalry with her colleague Eva Duarte turned against her when the latter became First Lady in 1946. Argentine cinema began losing viewership as foreign titles gained an increasing foothold in the Argentine market. The problem eventually became so bad that Argentina tried to curb the influx with the Cinema Law of 1957, establishing the "Instituto Nacional de Cinematografía" to provide education and funding. Among the era's most successful films were: "Historia de una noche,"
First Lady or First Gentleman of the Philippines as Minister of Human Settlements by her husband Ferdinand Marcos during his 21-year rule. She is also the first First Lady to enter the world of Philippine politics by winning a seat in the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 2001, physician Luisa Estrada became the first former First Lady to win a seat in Senate. On few occasions, individuals who are not spouses of the incumbent president has perform tasks reserved for the First Lady or First Gentleman effectively rendering them as the "de facto" holder of the position in selected occasions; most often they are a direct relative