Vernolic acid since it will become incorporated in the dry paint rather than evaporating into the air." This use of vernonia oil offers potential environmental benefits, since its use could reduce emissions associated with man-made chemicals. In its application as an epoxy oil, vernonia oil competes with soybean or linseed oil, which supply most of the market for these applications. Its low viscosity makes it more desirable than fully epoxidized linseed or soybean oils. It is more comparable to partially epoxidized linseed or soybean oil. Vernolic acid is not commonly found in plants in significant quantities, but some plants which do contain
Palm oil for biodiesels. Hydrodeoxygenated biodiesel is produced by direct hydrogenolysis of the fat into alkanes and propane. The world's largest palm oil biodiesel plant is the €550 million Finnish-operated Neste Oil biodiesel plant in Singapore, which opened in 2011 with a capacity of 800,000 tons per year and produces hydrodeoxygenated NEXBTL biodiesel from palm oil imported from Malaysia and Indonesia. Significant amounts of palm oil exports to Europe are converted to biodiesel (as of early 2018: Indonesia: 40%, Malaysia 30%).. In 2014, almost half of all the palm oil in Europe was burnt as car and truck fuel. As of 2018,