Nicolae Massim by the communist authorities because of their "bourgeois" origins. Nicolae Massim Nicolae Massim (1909–1981) was a Romanian theater director. A graduate of the School of Liberal Arts and Philosophy of the University of Cluj, Romania, and of the Institute of Dramatic Arts and Cinematography (IATC) of Bucharest, he made his directorial debut staging historical plays by the renowned historian Nicolae Iorga at the "Cultural League Theatre" of the People's University that Iorga founded in the town of Vălenii de Munte. At the National Theatre Bucharest, Nicolae Massim made his debut as assistant director to Ion Sahighian, and during long and
Nicolae Bretan Nicolae Bretan Nicolae Bretan (25 March 1887 – 1 December 1968) was a Romanian opera composer, baritone, conductor, and music critic. Bretan was born in Năsăud. He studied in Cluj, Vienna and Budapest before becoming one of the pioneers of Romanian opera - his opera "Luceafărul" (1921) is cited as the first opera in Romanian. Bretan also composed over 200 lieder. In 1944, Bretan wife's family, who were Jewish, were transported to the Nazi extermination camp at Auschwitz and murdered. Refusing to become a member of the Romanian Communist Party in 1948, he was not favoured by the Romanian communist