Pseudo-Archimedes translations of various Greek sources, including works by Hero of Alexandria, Ctesibius, and Philon. The manuscript is referred to by the Arabic engineers Ridwan and Al-Jazari. Pseudo-Archimedes Pseudo-Archimedes is a name given to pseudo-anonymous authors writing under the name of 'Archimedes' as quoted by various sources of the Islamic Golden Age such as Al-Jazari for the construction of water clocks. Archimedes himself is not known to have written any such manuscript. The only surviving manuscript from a Pseudo-Archimedes is an Arabic treatise not listed among Archimedes' works. Donald Routledge Hill is of the opinion that the original manuscript may have
Archimedes' principle immersed in a liquid, the liquid exerts an upward force, which is known as the buoyant force, that is proportional to the weight of the displaced liquid. The sum force acting on the object, then, is equal to the difference between the weight of the object ('down' force) and the weight of displaced liquid ('up' force). Equilibrium, or neutral buoyancy, is achieved when these two weights (and thus forces) are equal. Archimedes' principle does not consider the surface tension (capillarity) acting on the body. Moreover, Archimedes' principle has been found to break down in complex fluids. Archimedes' principle shows the