United States raw milk debate temperatures may be used by different processors, pasteurization is most commonly achieved with heating to 161 degrees Fahrenheit (71.7 degrees Celsius) for 15 seconds. Milk is tested following pasteurization to confirm that bacteria have been killed to an acceptable level. Pasteurization kills pathogenic bacteria which occasionally may be present in milk, including those causing tuberculosis ("Mycobacterium bovis"), listeriosis ("Listeria monocytogenes"), Q fever ("Coxiella burnetii"), brucellosis ("Brucella"), campylobacteriosis ("Campylobacter"), salmonellosis ("Salmonella"), and several other foodborne illnesses (e.g., ). Pasteurization may not kill some resistant bacteria, which can eventually cause souring and spoilage of fresh milk. UHT pasteurization (Ultra High Temperature) is
Brucellosis "reliably" safe as the alternative. In the decades after Evans's work, it was worked out that this genus, which received the name "Brucella" in honor of Bruce, contained several species with varying virulence. The name "brucellosis" gradually replaced the 19th-century names Mediterranean fever and Malta fever. In 1989, neurologists in Saudi Arabia discovered "neurobrucellosis", a neurological involvement in brucellosis. These obsolete names have previously been applied to brucellosis: "Brucella" species were weaponized by several advanced countries by the mid-20th century. In 1954, "B. suis" became the first agent weaponized by the United States at its Pine Bluff Arsenal near Pine