Yellowstone Park bison herd a highly contagious zoonosis caused by ingestion of unpasteurized milk or undercooked meat from infected animals, or close contact with their secretions. Brucellosis occurs naturally in the Yellowstone Bison Herd and the normal winter migrations of bison outside the park have raised concerns that Brucellosis infected Bison may infect cattle. The United States government has programs to eradicate brucellosis in domestic livestock. Since 1934, an estimated $3.5 billion in federal, state, and private funds has been spent on brucellosis eradication in domestic livestock. Over the years, the National Park Service and states bordering the park have implemented various plans to
Swine brucellosis Swine also develop orchitis (swelling of the testicles), lameness (movement disability), hind limb paralysis, or spondylitis (inflammation in joints). Because "B. suis" is facultative and intracellular, and is able to adapt to environmental conditions in macrophages, treatment failure and relapse rates are high. The only effective way to control and eradicate zoonosis is by vaccination of all susceptible hosts and elimination of infected animals. The "Brucella abortus" (rough LPS "Brucella") vaccine, developed for bovine brucellosis and licensed by the USDA Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, has shown protection for some swine and is also effective against "B. suis" infection, but