United States raw milk debate systematic review of the food safety of unpasteurized milk concluded that science-based data to substantiate claims of health benefits "are lacking or do not exist" and the risks associated with disease outbreaks as a result of raw milk consumption are "considerably higher". Pasteurization was first used in the United States in the 1890s after the discovery of germ theory to control the hazards of highly contagious bacterial diseases, including bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis, that could be easily transmitted to humans through the drinking of raw milk. Initially after the scientific discovery of bacteria, no product testing was available to determine
Balance of threat Balance of threat The balance of threat (BoT) theory was proposed by Stephen M. Walt first in an article titled ""Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power"" published in the journal "International Security" in 1985 and later further elaborated in his book ""The Origins of Alliances"" (1987). The balance of threat theory modified the popular balance of power theory in the neorealist school of international relations. According to balance of threat theory, states' alliance behavior is determined by the threat they perceive from other states. Walt contends that states will generally balance by allying against a perceived threat, although