Alice Catherine Evans in 1917 and published her work in the "Journal of Infectious Diseases" in 1918. She was met with skepticism, particularly because she was a woman and did not have a Ph.D. She warned that raw milk should be pasteurized to protect people from various diseases. During the 1920s, scientists around the world made the same findings, and eventually, "Brucella" was confirmed as the disease that caused what was then known as undulant fever and Malta fever. Her findings led to the pasteurization of milk in 1930. As a result, the incidence of brucellosis in the United States was significantly reduced.
Brucellosis a "calfhood" vaccination. Most cattle receive a tattoo in one of their ears, serving as proof of their vaccination status. This tattoo also includes the last digit of the year they were born. The first state–federal cooperative efforts towards eradication of brucellosis caused by "Brucella abortus" in the U.S. began in 1934. Brucellosis was originally imported to North America with non-native domestic cattle ("Bos taurus"), which transmitted the disease to wild bison ("Bison bison") and elk ("Cervus canadensis"). No records exist of brucellosis in ungulates native to America until the early 19th century. Antibiotics such as tetracyclines, rifampin, and the