Karl Marx called the Communist League. Both Marx and Engels participated in drawing up the programme and organisational principles of the new Communist League. In late 1847, Marx and Engels began writing what was to become their most famous work – a programme of action for the Communist League. Written jointly by Marx and Engels from December 1847 to January 1848, "The Communist Manifesto" was first published on 21 February 1848. "The Communist Manifesto" laid out the beliefs of the new Communist League. No longer a secret society, the Communist League wanted to make aims and intentions clear to the general public
Il manifesto independent than the party newspaper "l'Unità". The 1991 PCI dissolution that gave birth to the social democratic Democratic Party of the Left was not followed by "il manifesto", a paper which maintains positions closer to those of robustly left-wing parties such as the Communist Refoundation Party while remaining independent. "il manifesto" is known in Italy for its bitter and sarcastic headlines, puns and clever choice of photographs. For example, the day of the election of Pope Benedict XVI, the first page of "il manifesto" featured a large photo of the newly elected pope along with the title "the German shepherd".