Metropolitan City of Venice had annexed Padua and Verona, and by the 16th century the republic included territories from the Julian Alps to Crema, Istria, Dalmatia, Cyprus and part of the Peloponnese. In 1797, Napoleon invaded the Republic and, following the Treaty of Campo Formio, it was ceded to Austria. After the final defeat of Napoleon, the Austrian Empire founded a province of Venice on the Adriatic. In 2015 this was converted to the current Metropolitan City. Facing east on the Northern Adriatic Sea, the Metropolitan City is bordered to the northeast by the Province of Udine and Province of Pordenone, south by the
Gulf of Bothnia of Bothnia into a southern gulf and northern lake across the Norra Kvarken area in about 2,000 years. Some historians suggest that the adventurer Ottar was referring to the Gulf of Bothnia when he spoke of the "Kven Sea" in the 9th century. It is also possible that Claudius Clavus's usage of the term "Mare Gotticus" in the 15th century refers to the Gulf of Bothnia. The land surrounding the Gulf of Bothnia is heavily forested. Trees are logged, then transported to the coast for milling. The gulf is also important for oil transport to the coastal cities and ore