Das Kapital sciences published before 1950. In "Das Kapital" (1867), Marx proposes that the motivating force of capitalism is in the exploitation of labor, whose unpaid work is the ultimate source of surplus value. The owner of the means of production is able to claim the right to this surplus value because he or she is legally protected by the ruling regime through property rights and the legally established distribution of shares which are by law only to be distributed to company owners and their board members. The historical section shows how these rights were acquired in the first place chiefly through
Circular flow of income economics, economic reproduction refers to recurrent (or cyclical) processes by which the initial conditions necessary for economic activity to occur are constantly re-created. Economic reproduction involves the physical "production" and "distribution" of goods and services, the "trade" (the circulation via exchanges and transactions) of goods and services, and the "consumption" of goods and services (both productive or intermediate consumption and final consumption). Karl Marx developed the original insights of Quesnay to model the circulation of capital, money, and commodities in the second volume of "Das Kapital" to show how the reproduction process that must occur in any type of society