Tin pest related problems such as tin whiskers. At 13.2 °C (about 56 °F) and below, pure tin transforms from the silvery, ductile metallic allotrope of β-form "white tin" to the brittle, nonmetallic, α-form "grey tin" with a diamond cubic structure. The transformation is slow to initiate due to a high activation energy but the presence of germanium (or crystal structures of similar form and size) or very low temperatures of roughly −30 °C aids the initiation. There is also a large volume increase of about 27% associated with the phase change to the nonmetallic low temperature allotrope. This frequently makes tin
Ballad of a Tin Man Ballad of a Tin Man Ballad of a Tin Man is a 2017 novel by John D. Kuhns. The book is based on actual events which took place during Kuhns’ career during the late 1980s. The book finds Jack Davis, the protagonist in this novel as well as Kuhns’s earlier novel China Fortunes, down-and-out. His investment banking business is going nowhere, and his girlfriend has kicked him out. Desperate for a deal, he gets an offer he can’t refuse from Dennis Costa, a business acquaintance from South Florida. Dennis’s company American Powerhouse is in the alternative energy business, something Jack