Cubism the 1950s and 1960s, especially by Clement Greenberg. Contemporary views of Cubism are complex, formed to some extent in response to the "Salle 41" Cubists, whose methods were too distinct from those of Picasso and Braque to be considered merely secondary to them. Alternative interpretations of Cubism have therefore developed. Wider views of Cubism include artists who were later associated with the "Salle 41" artists, e.g., Francis Picabia; the brothers Jacques Villon, Raymond Duchamp-Villon and Marcel Duchamp, who beginning in late 1911 formed the core of the Section d'Or (or the Puteaux Group); the sculptors Alexander Archipenko, Joseph Csaky and
Immigration from China in the early 20th century Immigration from China in the early 20th century Significant Chinese immigration to the United States began with the California Gold Rush, in the late 1840s. Many of these immigrants were single men who worked for a time and then returned to China with their earnings. In subsequent decades, however, significant numbers of Chinese immigrants had settled permanently, and were competing for low-level jobs with other ethnic immigrant groups. Immigration from China was restricted by the Chinese Exclusion Act, passed in 1882. In all, 4,441 Chinese immigrants came to the USA through the Ellis Island Immigration Station, while others came to