Evolution of the cochlea and the elongated cochlea allows for better sensitivity for higher frequencies. As in all lepidosaurs and archosaurs, the single-ossicle (columellar) middle ear transmits sound to the footplate of the columella, which sends a pressure wave through the inner ear. In snakes, the basilar papilla is roughly 1mm long and only responds to frequencies below about 1 kHz. In contrast, lizards tend to have two areas of hair cells, one responding below and the other above 1 kHz. The upper frequency limit in most lizards is roughly 5–8 kHz. The longest lizard papillae are about 2mm long and contain 2000 hair
Stirrup jar termed "unpainted" although in fact the viewer sees the first coat. It is not the color unpainted fired terra cotta would have; that would be variegated most likely ranging from red to black depending on the firing parameters and content of the clay. For example, Black Glazed Ware features a single coat of black glaze. Red-figure vases are washed with a black slip on which red figures are painted; black-figure vases, a red wash with black figures. Stirrup jars do not bear human figures; nevertheless, some are quite ornamental, with most of the painting surfaces filled with motifs. The stirrup