History of the internal combustion engine granted in London on June 12, 1854, and published in London's Morning Journal under the title "Specification of Eugene Barsanti and Felix Matteucci, Obtaining Motive Power by the Explosion of Gasses". In 1860, Belgian Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir produced a gas-fired internal combustion engine. In 1864, Nikolaus Otto patented the first atmospheric gas engine. In 1872, American George Brayton invented the first commercial liquid-fueled internal combustion engine. In 1876, Nikolaus Otto, working with Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach, patented the compressed charge, four-cycle engine. In 1879, Karl Benz patented a reliable two-stroke gas engine. In 1892, Rudolf Diesel developed the
Engine downsizing issues have been reported for Volkswagen Group 1.4 and 1.8 TFSI engines. According to a J.D. Power survey, downsize engines scored significantly lower in reliability than older engines. Engine downsizing Engine downsizing is the use of a smaller engine in a vehicle that provides the power of a larger engine, through the use of recent technologies. It is the result of car manufacturers attempting to provide more efficient vehicles that emit less emissions, often given in by legalization. The term generally relates to traditional internal combustion engines powered by petrol or diesel. Many manufacturers are reducing engine displacement and number