Viceroyalty of Peru Viceroyalty of Peru The Viceroyalty of Peru () was a Spanish imperial provincial administrative district, created in 1542, that originally contained most of Spanish-ruled South America, governed from the capital of Lima. The Viceroyalty of Peru was one of the two Spanish Viceroyalties in the Americas from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. The Spanish did not resist the Portuguese expansion of Brazil across the meridian established by the Treaty of Tordesillas. The treaty was rendered meaningless between 1580 and 1640 while Spain controlled Portugal. The creation during the 18th century of Viceroyalties of New Granada and Río de la
Geography of Peru a peace treaty in 1995. Peru fell under Spanish rule in November 1533 after the death of Incan emperor, Atahuallpa. Francisco Pizarro marched to Cusco, the Incan capital to establish Spanish rule. Peru remained under Spanish control until gaining independence on December 9, 1824 after Simon Bolivar Palacios defeated Spanish forces in Ayacucho. Peru is active in a variety of global organizations including the UN, the WTO, the Organization of American States (OAS), APEC, IMF, the World Bank, the Union of South American States (UNASUR), the Forum for East Asia-Latin America Cooperation (FEALAC), Andean Community of States, the Community of