Sea in culture of barbarian invaders and knowledge of geography took a backward step. In the seventh century, Isidore of Seville produced a "wheel map" in which Asia, Africa and Europe were arranged like segments in an orange, separated by the "Mare Mediterranean", "Nilus" and "Tanais" and surrounded by "Oceanus". It was not until the fifteenth century that Ptolemy's maps were used again and Henry the Navigator of Portugal initiated ocean exploration and maritime research. Encouraged by him, Portuguese navigators explored, mapped and charted the west coast of Africa and the Eastern Atlantic and this knowledge prepared the way for the great voyages
Africa-Asia Confidential Africa-Asia Confidential Africa-Asia Confidential was first published in November 2007 by the same group that owns "Africa Confidential", Asempa Limited of Cambridge. The newsletter was founded in response to the growing political and economic relations between Africa and Asia, and by the need to understand the implications for Africa. Available by subscription only, it is published monthly and edited by African specialist Patrick Smith, who has edited "Africa Confidential" since 1991. The headquarters of "Africa-Asia Confidential" is in London. "Africa-Asia Confidential" focuses on issues that affect the continent, analyses political complexities and reports on areas and topics that receive little