Adam Smith homely observations, making them feel comfortable all along." Classical economists presented competing theories of those of Smith, termed the "labour theory of value". Later Marxian economics descending from classical economics also use Smith's labour theories, in part. The first volume of Karl Marx's major work, "Das Kapital", was published in German in 1867. In it, Marx focused on the labour theory of value and what he considered to be the exploitation of labour by capital. The labour theory of value held that the value of a thing was determined by the labour that went into its production. This contrasts with
Muppala Ranganayakamma the "Marx Capital parichayam", an introduction to Marx's "Das Kapital" in 3 volumes. The first volume was published in 1978 and there were no Telugu translations of "Das Kapital" available at that time. She wrote a three-volume novel "Janaki Vimukti" (meaning ""Emanicipation of Janaki""), arguing that Marxism is the correct path to gender equality. The most outstanding feature of Ranganayakamma's writings is that she writes in the most lucid manner, and even her opponents acknowledge this fact. Her readers and friends maintain a website (www.ranganayakamma.org) hosting details of her works. She won the Andhra Pradesh Government Sahitya Akademi Award for