Anagallis arvensis two flowers mentioned in the Tirukkural. "The Scarlet Pimpernel" is the alias of Sir Percy Blakeney in the novel of the same name by Baroness Emma Orczy. Anagallis arvensis Scarlet pimpernel, commonly known as blue-scarlet pimpernel, red pimpernel, red chickweed, poorman's barometer, poor man's weather-glass, shepherd's weather glass or shepherd's clock, is a low-growing annual plant. The native range of the species is Europe and Western Asia and North Africa. The species has been distributed widely by humans, either deliberately as an ornamental flower or accidentally. "A. arvensis" is now naturalised almost worldwide, with a range that encompasses the Americas,
Cardinals created by Benedict XV Austrian Cardinal Andreas Frühwirth, who was made a cardinal at the preceding consistory, received his red hat from Pius a few days earlier. In deference to wartime conditions, Benedict created Adolph Bertram a cardinal "in pectore", that is, without his name being announced. Bertram's Polish homeland was fighting alongside Germany and Austria-Hungary against Italy and its allies. Benedict created six cardinals on 15 December 1919, three Italians, two Poles, and one Spaniard. All attended but Juan Soldevilla y Romero, Archbishop of Zaragoza, who received his red hat from King Alfonso XIII of Spain on 25 December. Bertram, created a cardinal