Cubism Ossip Zadkine as well as Jacques Lipchitz and Henri Laurens; and painters such as Louis Marcoussis, Roger de La Fresnaye, František Kupka, Diego Rivera, Léopold Survage, Auguste Herbin, André Lhote, Gino Severini (after 1916), María Blanchard (after 1916) and Georges Valmier (after 1918). More fundamentally, Christopher Green argues that Douglas Cooper's terms were "later undermined by interpretations of the work of Picasso, Braque, Gris and Léger that stress iconographic and ideological questions rather than methods of representation." John Berger identifies the essence of Cubism with the mechanical diagram. "The metaphorical model of Cubism is the diagram: The diagram being a
Robert Paul (painter) Robert Paul (painter) Robert Paul (1906–1979) was a Rhodesian abstract painter. Paul joined the Rhodesian police force, the British South Africa Police, in 1927, and during patrols in his early years became enamored of the local landscape. Self-taught as an artist, he would often bring his sketchbook along on his trips, recording the passing countryside. He was encouraged to paint by John Piper and Ivon Hitchens, who introduced him to the work of Georges Braque and other painters. Paul retired from the force in 1951 to paint full-time. He was considered the foremost painter in Rhodesia until his death in