Internal combustion engine and Felice Matteucci tried to patent "Obtaining motive power by the explosion of gases", although the application did not progress to the granted stage. In 1860, Belgian Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir produced a gas-fired internal combustion engine. In 1864, Nikolaus Otto patented the first atmospheric gas engine. In 1872, American George Brayton invented the first commercial liquid-fuelled internal combustion engine. In 1876, Nikolaus Otto, working with Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach, patented the compressed charge, four-cycle engine. In 1879, Karl Benz patented a reliable two-stroke gasoline engine. Later, in 1886, Karl Benz began the first commercial production of motor vehicles
Internal combustion engine (Statutory Instrument 2002 No. 1808) introduced the concept of a ""stationary idling offence"". This means that a driver can be ordered ""by an authorised person ... upon production of evidence of his authorisation, require him to stop the running of the engine of that vehicle"" and a ""person who fails to comply ... shall be guilty of an offence and be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale"". Only a few local authorities have implemented the regulations, one of them being Oxford City Council. Internal combustion engine An internal combustion engine (ICE)