History of Peru since most of the presidents that ruled the country were from the social elite. During Augusto B. Leguía's periods in government [1908–1912 and 1919–1930, the latter known as the "Oncenio" (the "Eleventh")], the entrance of American capital became general and the bourgeoisie was favored. This policy, along with increased dependence on foreign investment, focused opposition from the most progressive sectors of Peruvian society against the landowner oligarchy. There was a final peace treaty in 1929, signed between Peru and Chile and called the Treaty of Lima by which Tacna returned to Peru and Peru yielded permanently the formerly rich provinces
China–Peru relations China–Peru relations China–Peru relations refer to the ties and relations between China and Peru. China–Peru relations went through three stages: Chinese coolieism as an institutionalization of human capital export to Latin America during the nineteenth century; the Maoist ideology transfer in the 1970s and 1980s; and, from the 1990s onwards, through international trade and cultural and Mandarin language centers--the Confucius Institute. China–Peru relations was established more than 160 years ago intertwined with local social imageries, power structure and narratives.It started with Coolie Trade and matured during the ‘Hundred Years weakness and poverty’ (Wang,1993) from the 1840s to 1949 of the