Malus fusca Malus fusca Malus fusca, with the common names Oregon crabapple and Pacific crabapple, is a North American species of crabapple. It is native to western North America from Alaska, through British Columbia, to northwestern California. It grows in temperate coniferous forest, primarily in the Cascade Range and the Pacific Coast Ranges. "Malus fusca" is a deciduous tree up to tall. Leaves are up to 10 cm (4 inches) long. Flowers are white or pale pink, blooming in Spring. The fruits are small round apple-shaped pomes, red, yellow, or yellow-green. The fruit can be eaten raw or cooked, however it has
Bonus-malus company. This strategy is called bonus hunger of the insurance customer. In this strategy, the insurance customer prefers the most profitable financial alternative, after a loss occurrence. A well-designed bonus-malus system must take bonus hunger into consideration. In executive compensation, particularly at banks, bonus-malus refers to schemes where annual bonuses are held in escrow (do not immediately vest), and can be reduced retroactively (clawed back) in case of losses in future years. The intention is to align incentives better and encouraging a long-term view in directors, by discouraging the taking of risks which may yield short-term profits (and hence bonuses