Rhinitis very common. Allergic rhinitis is more common in some countries than others; in the United States, about 10%–30% of adults are affected annually. Mixed rhinitis (MR) refers to patients with nonallergic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis. MR is a specific rhinitis subtype. It may represent between 50 and 70% of all AR patients. However, true prevalence of MR has not been confirmed yet. Rhinitis is categorized into three types (although infectious rhinitis is typically regarded as a separate clinical entity due to its transient nature): (i) infectious rhinitis includes acute and chronic bacterial infections; (ii) nonallergic (vasomotor) rhinitis includes idiopathic, hormonal,
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a condition characterised by an exaggerated response of the immune system (a hypersensitivity response) to the fungus "Aspergillus" (most commonly "Aspergillus fumigatus"). It occurs most often in people with asthma or cystic fibrosis. "Aspergillus" spores are ubiquitous in soil and are commonly found in the sputum of healthy individuals. "A. fumigatus" is responsible for a spectrum of lung diseases known as aspergilloses. ABPA causes airway inflammation, leading to bronchiectasis—a condition marked by abnormal dilation of the airways. Left untreated, the immune system and fungal spores can damage sensitive lung tissues and lead