Tin pest related problems such as tin whiskers. At 13.2 °C (about 56 °F) and below, pure tin transforms from the silvery, ductile metallic allotrope of β-form "white tin" to the brittle, nonmetallic, α-form "grey tin" with a diamond cubic structure. The transformation is slow to initiate due to a high activation energy but the presence of germanium (or crystal structures of similar form and size) or very low temperatures of roughly −30 °C aids the initiation. There is also a large volume increase of about 27% associated with the phase change to the nonmetallic low temperature allotrope. This frequently makes tin
Baltimore, or, The Steadfast Tin Soldier and the Vampire tend their wounds and drink. Baltimore explains bitterly that his fight is not over, that it will never be over, and that he understands what he has been made into. Then Baltimore reaches into his chest and pulls out his heart, which has become a lump of tin with his wife's wedding ring set in its side. Mike Mignola came up with the concept for "Baltimore, or, The Steadfast Tin Soldier and the Vampire" and conceived much of the plot, though Christopher Golden penned the novel based on their joint efforts. In 2010 Dark Horse Comics began a comic book