Das Kapital sciences published before 1950. In "Das Kapital" (1867), Marx proposes that the motivating force of capitalism is in the exploitation of labor, whose unpaid work is the ultimate source of surplus value. The owner of the means of production is able to claim the right to this surplus value because he or she is legally protected by the ruling regime through property rights and the legally established distribution of shares which are by law only to be distributed to company owners and their board members. The historical section shows how these rights were acquired in the first place chiefly through
Karl Marx and the Close of His System Karl Marx and the Close of His System Karl Marx and the Close of His System () is a critique of Karl Marx's economic theories by the Austrian economist Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, published in English translation in 1898. Böhm von Bawerk's work first appeared in 1896, in "Staatswissenschaftliche Arbeitern: Festgaben für Karl Knies", a collection of essays in honor of the German economist Karl Knies. It was published as a separate work later in 1896, and appeared in Russian translation in 1897 and in English translation in 1898. Bawerk provides a critique of Marx's "Capital". Examining Marx's theory of