Penicillin nontoxic in humans by first performing toxicity tests in animals and then on humans. His subsequent experiments on penicillin's response to heat and pH allowed Fleming to increase the stability of the compound. The one test that modern scientists would find missing from his work was the test of penicillin on an infected animal, the results of which would likely have sparked great interest in penicillin and sped its development by almost a decade. The importance of his work has been recognized by the placement of an International Historic Chemical Landmark at the Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum in London on
A. S. Valentine in a game for Shadyside Academy as that team was defeated by the Pittsburgh A.C., 26–0. That same year, he scored a touchdown against the Greensburg Athletic Association, during a 10–5 Allegheny win. During a game against the Detroit Athletic Association on November 11, 1893, Valentine reportedly openly punched Detroit's quarterback so openly. The officials ignored the incident, and the Detroiter used the next play to retaliate against Valentine. Shortly after, a brawl between the two clubs erupted. Allegheny would go on to win the game 18–0. In 1894, during a game against the Pittsburgh A.C., Valentine was thrown out