Das Kapital sciences published before 1950. In "Das Kapital" (1867), Marx proposes that the motivating force of capitalism is in the exploitation of labor, whose unpaid work is the ultimate source of surplus value. The owner of the means of production is able to claim the right to this surplus value because he or she is legally protected by the ruling regime through property rights and the legally established distribution of shares which are by law only to be distributed to company owners and their board members. The historical section shows how these rights were acquired in the first place chiefly through
Theories of Surplus Value 1472) running to some 200 printed sheets in length: it is the first systematically worked out draft – though still only rough and incomplete – of all four volumes of "Capital". "Theories of Surplus Value" forms the longest (about 110 printed sheets) and most fully elaborated part of this huge manuscript, and it is the first and only draft of the fourth, concluding volume of "Capital". Marx called this volume, as distinguished from the three theoretical volumes of "Das Kapital", the historical, historico-critical, or historico-literary part of his work. Marx began to write "Theories of Surplus Value" within the framework