Graphology to use it for personality evaluation, empirical studies fail to show the validity claimed by its supporters. The word "graphology" is derived from "grapho-" (from the Greek γραφή, "writing") and "logos" (from the Greek λόγος, which relates to discussion or theory). Jean-Charles Gille-Maisani stated in 1991 that Juan Huarte de San Juan's 1575 "Examen de ingenios para las ciencias" was the first book on handwriting analysis. In American graphology, Camillo Baldi's "Trattato come da una lettera missiva si conoscano la natura e qualita dello scrittore" from 1622 is considered to be the first book. Around 1830 Jean-Hippolyte Michon became interested
What Is Intelligence? What Is Intelligence? What Is Intelligence?: Beyond the Flynn Effect is a book by psychologist James R. Flynn which outlines his model for an explanation of the eponymous Flynn effect. The book summarizes much of the work of Flynn in this area, as well as that of his colleague William Dickens of the Brookings Institution. The book begins with a description of what has generally become known as "the Flynn effect": the steady rise from one generation to the next in average scores on IQ tests over time. Flynn notes that this effect apparently contradicts some fundamental beliefs about IQ