Peru–Spain relations Peru–Spain relations Peru–Spain relations are foreign relations between Peru and Spain. Both nations are members of the Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations. Peru and Spain share a long history since the arrival of the first Spanish conquistadores led by Francisco Pizarro in 1532. By 1534, Pizarro managed to overcome the Incan Empire and claimed the territory for Spain. In 1535, Spain founded the city of Lima which would become the seat of power and capital for the Viceroyalty of Peru which was created in 1542 and at its highest incorporated most of the South American nations. In
China–Peru relations China–Peru relations China–Peru relations refer to the ties and relations between China and Peru. China–Peru relations went through three stages: Chinese coolieism as an institutionalization of human capital export to Latin America during the nineteenth century; the Maoist ideology transfer in the 1970s and 1980s; and, from the 1990s onwards, through international trade and cultural and Mandarin language centers--the Confucius Institute. China–Peru relations was established more than 160 years ago intertwined with local social imageries, power structure and narratives.It started with Coolie Trade and matured during the ‘Hundred Years weakness and poverty’ (Wang,1993) from the 1840s to 1949 of the