Malus tschonoskii moist, well-drained soil. It can grow to tall by broad in 20 years, with an ultimate height of . It is cultivated as an ornamental tree, for planting in gardens. Malus tschonoskii Malus tschonoskii (common names Chonosuki crab and pillar apple) is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae, native to Japan. The specific epithet "tschonoskii" refers to the 19th century Japanese botanist Sugawa Tschonoski. "Malus tschonoskii" is a strong-growing deciduous tree, it has a distinctive columnar habit and is particularly noted for its autumn colouring, when the glossy mid-green leaves turn to brilliant shades of yellow, orange,
Bonus-malus policy if no claim is made in the previous year. Malus is an increase in the premium if there is a claim in the previous year. Bonus-malus systems are very common in vehicle insurance. This system is also called a no-claim discount (NCD) or no-claims bonus in Britain and Australia. The fundamental principle of BMS is that the higher the claim frequency of a policyholder, the higher the insurance costs that on average are charged to the policyholder. This principle is also valid in an insurance arrangement consisting of a high maximum deductible which is common to all policyholders. Most