Viceroyalty of Peru Guayaquil and El Callao, but on 4 February he captured Valdivia, called at the time "The Key of the South Seas" and the "Gibraltar of the Pacific", due to its huge fortifications. However the viceroyalty managed to defend Chiloé Island until 1826. On September 8, 1820, the "Expedición Libertadora" of Peru, organized mainly by Argentinians and with some Peruvian and Chilean involvement, landed on the beach at Paracas Bay, near the city of Pisco, Peru. The army was under the command of José de San Martín. After fruitless negotiations with the viceroy, San Martín occupied the Peruvian capital of Lima
Freedom of the press in Peru Peru continues to have noticeable problems when talking about press freedom as media freedom is threatened by the press laws that allows for journalists to be punished with imprisonment, for expanding news that can damage the reputation of a company, person or the government. Because of this, journalists avoid topics such as corruption, social conflicts or drug trafficking. In Peru, there is a complicated environment for journalists. These cases reveal the risk of being a journalist in Peru. Freedom of the press in Peru In contemporary times, Peru has established democratic political institutions indicating an improvement in their press freedom