Economics wealth (capital) and a constant population size. Marxist (later, Marxian) economics descends from classical economics. It derives from the work of Karl Marx. The first volume of Marx's major work, "Das Kapital", was published in German in 1867. In it, Marx focused on the labour theory of value and the theory of surplus value which, he believed, explained the exploitation of labour by capital. The labour theory of value held that the value of an exchanged commodity was determined by the labour that went into its production and the theory of surplus value demonstrated how the workers only got paid
The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx "locate the essential elements of continuity or discontinuity" in Marx's thought and to correct misinterpretations of it. He credited Avineri with "a close and insightful reading of the whole body of the primary sources, aided by a selective and judicious reading of the secondary literature", and described his writing as "learned and at the same time limpid" and his treatment of Marx as "solidly grounded, fair, and enlightening." However, he criticized Avineri for devoting insufficient space to discussing "Das Kapital" and Marx's views on the nature of capitalist society, and for failing to address the work of the philosophers Louis