Gollum Kari Väänänen portrayed Gollum () in the 1993 live-action television miniseries "Hobitit" [The Hobbits] that was produced and broadcast by the Finnish network Yle. In Peter Jackson's "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy, Gollum is a CGI character voiced and performed by actor Andy Serkis. He is smaller than both Frodo and Sam. Barely glimpsed in "" (2001), he becomes a central character in "" (2002) and "" (2003). The CGI character was built around Serkis' facial features, voice, and acting choices. Serkis based the iconic ""gollum"" throat noise on the sound of his cat coughing up hairballs. Using
What Was Before What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. "Publishers Weekly" wrote: "Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate, Mosebach's book is a deconstruction of