Das Kapital class struggle rooted in the capitalist social relations of production. The first of three volumes of "Das Kapital. Kritik der politischen Ökonomie" ("Capital. Critique of Political Economy") was published on 14 September 1867, dedicated to Wilhelm Wolff and was the sole volume published in Marx’s lifetime. "Capital, Volume II", subtitled "The Process of Circulation of Capital", was prepared by Engels from notes left by Marx and published in 1885. It is divided into three parts: "The Metamorphoses of Capital and Their Circuits", "The Turnover of Capital" and "The Reproduction and Circulation of the Aggregate Social Capital". In "Volume II", the
Capitalism to the 1660s; reference to "the unemployed" as a group was first made in 1782, and reference to "unemployment" as a general condition is first attested in 1888. The first recorded discussion of the reserve army of labor is in a manuscript written by Karl Marx: Marx introduced the concept in chapter 25 of the first volume of "Das Kapital", which states: His argument is that as capitalism develops, the organic composition of capital will increase, which means that the mass of constant capital grows faster than the mass of variable capital. Fewer workers can produce all that is necessary