Chile–Peru relations and Angamos (Oct. 8, 1879) enabled Chile to control the sea approaches to Peru. A Chilean army then invaded Peru. An attempt at mediation by the United States failed in October 1880, and Chilean forces occupied the Peruvian capital of Lima the following January. Chile was also to occupy the provinces of Tacna and Arica for 10 years, after which a plebiscite was to be held to determine their nationality. But the two countries failed for decades to agree on what terms the plebiscite was to be conducted. This diplomatic dispute over Tacna and Arica was known as the Question
Prime Minister of Peru is César Villanueva, who took office on 2 April 2018. Recently, the role of the prime minister has been debated, and whether it should be strengthened. This idea has been supported by former presidents Alan García, Alejandro Toledo and Ollanta Humala. Such reforms would enable the prime minister to become the effective head of government, similarly to what happens in countries like France and Russia. Prime Minister of Peru The President of the Council of Ministers of Peru, informally called "Premier" (form of address) or "Prime Minister", heads the Council of Ministers, and is appointed by the President (pending ratification