Das Kapital "increasing misery" doctrine, which is presumed to mean that the proletariat is absolutely immiserated. "Capital, Volume I" (1867); published in Marx’s lifetime: "Capital, Volume II" (1885); manuscript not completed by Marx before his death in 1883; subsequently edited and published, by friend and collaborator Friedrich Engels, as the work of Marx: "Capital, Volume III" (1894); manuscript not completed by Marx before his death in 1883; subsequently edited and published, by friend and collaborator Friedrich Engels, as the work of Marx: "Capital, Volume IV" (1905–1910); critical history of theories of surplus value; manuscript written by Marx; partial edition edited and published,
Circular flow of income economics, economic reproduction refers to recurrent (or cyclical) processes by which the initial conditions necessary for economic activity to occur are constantly re-created. Economic reproduction involves the physical "production" and "distribution" of goods and services, the "trade" (the circulation via exchanges and transactions) of goods and services, and the "consumption" of goods and services (both productive or intermediate consumption and final consumption). Karl Marx developed the original insights of Quesnay to model the circulation of capital, money, and commodities in the second volume of "Das Kapital" to show how the reproduction process that must occur in any type of society