Chemical weapons in World War I in Palestine during the Second Battle of Gaza. Russia began manufacturing chlorine gas in 1916, with phosgene being produced later in the year. Most of the manufactured gas was never used. The British Army first used mustard gas in November 1917 at Cambrai, after their armies had captured a stockpile of German mustard gas shells. It took the British more than a year to develop their own mustard gas weapon, with production of the chemicals centred on Avonmouth Docks. (The only option available to the British was the Despretz–Niemann–Guthrie process). This was used first in September 1918 during the breaking
1917 French Army mutinies Passchendaele, with varied success but pertinently relieving pressure on the French to the south. It would not be until early-1918 when the US troops considered themselves ready to accept operational responsibilities, did French morale improve. The Allies withstood the German 1918 Spring Offensive, and held their ground until November, when the 2-3 year British naval blockade of Germany paid dividends. Starved of food, Germany collapsed on the home front. Their leadership was compelled to sue for peace, notwithstanding that hardly an Allied foot had been set on German soil. 1917 French Army mutinies The 1917 French Army mutinies took place