History of the internal combustion engine granted in London on June 12, 1854, and published in London's Morning Journal under the title "Specification of Eugene Barsanti and Felix Matteucci, Obtaining Motive Power by the Explosion of Gasses". In 1860, Belgian Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir produced a gas-fired internal combustion engine. In 1864, Nikolaus Otto patented the first atmospheric gas engine. In 1872, American George Brayton invented the first commercial liquid-fueled internal combustion engine. In 1876, Nikolaus Otto, working with Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach, patented the compressed charge, four-cycle engine. In 1879, Karl Benz patented a reliable two-stroke gas engine. In 1892, Rudolf Diesel developed the
Internal combustion engine (Statutory Instrument 2002 No. 1808) introduced the concept of a ""stationary idling offence"". This means that a driver can be ordered ""by an authorised person ... upon production of evidence of his authorisation, require him to stop the running of the engine of that vehicle"" and a ""person who fails to comply ... shall be guilty of an offence and be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale"". Only a few local authorities have implemented the regulations, one of them being Oxford City Council. Internal combustion engine An internal combustion engine (ICE)