History of economic thought died, Engels completed the second volume of "Das Kapital" from his notes. Marx wrote his magnum opus "Das Kapital" (1867) at the British Museum's library in London. Karl Marx begins with the concept of commodities. Before capitalism, says Marx, production was based on slavery – in ancient Rome for example – then serfdom in the feudal societies of medieval Europe. The current mode of labor exchange has produced an erratic and unstable situation allowing the conditions for revolution. People buy and sell their labor as people buy and sell goods and services. People themselves have become disposable commodities. As Marx
Studies on Marx and Hegel Studies on Marx and Hegel Studies on Marx and Hegel () is a 1955 book about Karl Marx and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel by the French philosopher Jean Hyppolite. It has received praise from commentators, and has been credited with showing Hegel's anticipation of existentialism. Hyppolite provides assessments of Hegel's "The Phenomenology of Spirit" (1807), including the significance of Hegel's discussion in that work of the French Revolution. He also assesses Hegel's "Science of Logic", Marx's "Das Kapital" (1867–1883), and Marx's critique of Hegel's "Elements of the Philosophy of Right" (1820), and discusses György Lukács's "The Young Hegel" (1938). "Studies