Chemical weapons in World War I in Palestine during the Second Battle of Gaza. Russia began manufacturing chlorine gas in 1916, with phosgene being produced later in the year. Most of the manufactured gas was never used. The British Army first used mustard gas in November 1917 at Cambrai, after their armies had captured a stockpile of German mustard gas shells. It took the British more than a year to develop their own mustard gas weapon, with production of the chemicals centred on Avonmouth Docks. (The only option available to the British was the Despretz–Niemann–Guthrie process). This was used first in September 1918 during the breaking
Gas Mark Gas Mark The Gas Mark is a temperature scale used on gas ovens and cookers in Great Britain, Ireland and some Commonwealth of Nations countries. The draft 2003 edition of the "Oxford English Dictionary" lists the earliest known usage of the concept as being in L. Chatterton's book "Modern Cookery" published in 1943: "Afternoon tea scones… Time: 20 minutes. Temperature: Gas, Regulo Mark 7". "Regulo" was a type of gas regulator used by a manufacturer of cookers; however, the scale has now become universal, and the word "Regulo" is rarely used. The term "gas mark" was a subject of the