Graphology to use it for personality evaluation, empirical studies fail to show the validity claimed by its supporters. The word "graphology" is derived from "grapho-" (from the Greek γραφή, "writing") and "logos" (from the Greek λόγος, which relates to discussion or theory). Jean-Charles Gille-Maisani stated in 1991 that Juan Huarte de San Juan's 1575 "Examen de ingenios para las ciencias" was the first book on handwriting analysis. In American graphology, Camillo Baldi's "Trattato come da una lettera missiva si conoscano la natura e qualita dello scrittore" from 1622 is considered to be the first book. Around 1830 Jean-Hippolyte Michon became interested
Graphology work performance, aptitudes, or personality. Graphology thus fails according to the standards a genuine psychological test must pass before it can ethically be released for use on an unsuspecting public.<br><br> Dean found that no particular school of graphology fared better than any other... In fact, no graphologist of any stripe was able to show reliably better performance than untrained amateurs making guesses from the same materials. In the vast majority of studies, neither group exceeded chance expectancy. Dunning concludes:Other divining techniques like iridology, phrenology, palmistry, and astrology also have differing schools of thought, require years of training, offer expensive certifications,