Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming. People began using it to treat infections in 1942. There are several enhanced penicillin families which are effective against additional bacteria; these include the antistaphylococcal penicillins, aminopenicillins and the antipseudomonal penicillins. They are derived from "Penicillium" fungi. The term "penicillin" is often used generically to refer to benzylpenicillin (penicillin G, the original penicillin found in 1928), procaine benzylpenicillin (procaine penicillin), benzathine benzylpenicillin (benzathine penicillin), and phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V). Procaine penicillin and benzathine penicillin have the same antibacterial activity as benzylpenicillin but act for a longer period of time. Phenoxymethylpenicillin is less
Joan S. Valentine in Inorganic Chemistry from Princeton University in 1971. In 1972, she moved to Rutgers University where she served as Assistant, Associate and Professor of Chemistry. In 1980, she moved to UCLA and became a Professor in 1981. From 1991 to 1994, she also served as Departmental Vice Chair for Research and Administration. From 1989 to 1995, she was the Associate Editor for the journal "Inorganic Chemistry". Valentine served as Director of the UCLA Chemistry-Biology Interface Predoctoral Training Program from 1993 to 2001. Joan S. Valentine Joan Selverstone Valentine (born 1945) is a biological inorganic chemist and biochemist. Valentine's current work