Cowpox children. In 1796, British medical practitioner Edward Jenner tested the theory that cowpox could protect someone from being infected by smallpox. Although cowpox originates on the udder of cows, Jenner took his sample from a milkmaid, Sarah Nelmes. Jenner extracted the pus of one of the lesions formed by cowpox on Nelmes to another individual who never had smallpox, James Phipps. He eventually developed a scab and fever that was manageable. Approximately six weeks later, Jenner then introduced an active sample of the smallpox virus into Phipps to test the theory. After being observed for an extended amount of time,
Caleb Jenner Caleb Jenner Caleb Joshua Jenner (9 December 1830 – 27 June 1890) was a politician in colonial Victoria (Australia), member of the Victorian Legislative Council. Jenner was born in Alfriston, Sussex, England, the son of Thomas Jenner and his wife Sarah, "née" Ralf. He came to Victoria in 1850, and engaged in commercial pursuits at Geelong. Jenner held the office of president of the first reform league, established for the purpose of protecting native Industries. Jenner represented the South Western Province in the Legislative Council for more than twenty years, being returned in March 1863 in opposition to Charles Griffith,