Malus fusca Malus fusca Malus fusca, with the common names Oregon crabapple and Pacific crabapple, is a North American species of crabapple. It is native to western North America from Alaska, through British Columbia, to northwestern California. It grows in temperate coniferous forest, primarily in the Cascade Range and the Pacific Coast Ranges. "Malus fusca" is a deciduous tree up to tall. Leaves are up to 10 cm (4 inches) long. Flowers are white or pale pink, blooming in Spring. The fruits are small round apple-shaped pomes, red, yellow, or yellow-green. The fruit can be eaten raw or cooked, however it has
Bonus-malus insurers around the world have introduced some form of merit-rating in automobile third party liability insurance. Such systems penalize at-fault accidents by premium surcharges and reward claim-free years by discounts, commonly known as a "no-claims discount". The most usual BMS divides drivers by classes, where each class has its own discount or surcharge that is applied to the basic premium. A claim-free year implies in a decline of one or more degrees on the Bonus/Malus class table on the anniversary of the contract. A claim entails an increase of a given number of degrees on the Bonus/Malus scale on the