Economics wealth (capital) and a constant population size. Marxist (later, Marxian) economics descends from classical economics. It derives from the work of Karl Marx. The first volume of Marx's major work, "Das Kapital", was published in German in 1867. In it, Marx focused on the labour theory of value and the theory of surplus value which, he believed, explained the exploitation of labour by capital. The labour theory of value held that the value of an exchanged commodity was determined by the labour that went into its production and the theory of surplus value demonstrated how the workers only got paid
Karl Marx in film Marx's book "Das Kapital" was never realised, although in more recent years the German film director and author Alexander Kluge completed a lengthy homage to Eisenstein's unrealised film entitled "News from Ideological Antiquity: Marx – Eisenstein – Das Kapital". In the 1960s French new wave directors, notably Jean-Luc Godard, used Marxist themes in their work, including in the films "Week End", "La Chinoise" and "Tout va bien". In the 1970s the Serbian director Dušan Makavejev made films which were critical and/or satirical of Marx and Marxist ideology. The Young Karl Marx by the Haitian director Raoul Peck released in 2017