Graphology International Graphoanalysis Society (IGAS) were expelled between 1970 and 1980. Regarding a proposed correlation between gender and handwriting style, a paper by published by James Hartley in 1989 concluded that there was some evidence in support of this hypothesis. Although graphology had some support in the scientific community before the mid-twentieth century, more recent research rejects the validity of graphology as a tool to assess personality and job performance. Today it is considered to be a pseudoscience. Graphology is primarily used as a recruiting tool to screen candidates during the evaluation process. Many studies have been conducted to assess its
Institute for the Study of Human Knowledge web site for a project entitled "The Human Journey". It aims to "follow humanity from our origins in Eastern Africa and the Middle East to the present day, with an eye to what comes next." Institute for the Study of Human Knowledge The Institute for the Study of Human Knowledge (ISHK) is a non-profit educational charity and publisher established in 1969 by the noted and award-winning psychologist and writer Robert E. Ornstein and based in Los Altos, California, in the USA. Its watchword is "public education: health and human nature information." Robert Ornstein, psychologist, writer and professor at Stanford University,