Word and Object synonymy of native occasion sentences even of non-observational kind can be settled if raised, but the sentences cannot be translated.' " To go beyond these boundaries of translation by stimulus meaning, the linguist uses analytical hypotheses, in which he uses the steps (1) - (4) to equate parts of the native sentences to English words or phrases. Using the analytical hypotheses the linguist can form new sentences and create a translation manual. In Chapter 2 of "Word and Object", Quine shows that the total apparatus of grammatical and semantic devices in a language is not objectively translatable into foreign languages.
Dual-route hypothesis to reading aloud processing, each of the two pathways consumes different amounts of limited attentional resources. The nonlexical pathway is thought to be more active and constructive as it assembles and selects the correct subword units from various potential combinations. For example, when reading the word "leaf", that adheres to spelling to sound rules, the reader must assemble and recognize the two-letter grapheme "ea" in order to produce the sound "ee" that corresponds to it. It engages in controlled processing and thus requires more attentional capacities, which can vary in amount depending on the complexity of the words being assembled. On the other