Plasma medicine Plasma medicine Plasma medicine is an emerging field that combines plasma physics, life sciences and clinical medicine. It is being studied in disinfection, healing, and cancer. Most of the research is in vitro and in animal models. It uses ionized gas (physical plasma) for medical uses or dental applications . Plasma, often called the fourth state of matter, is an ionized gas containing positive ions and negative ions or electrons, but is approximately charge neutral on the whole. The plasma sources used for plasma medicine are generally low temperature plasmas, and they generate ions, chemically reactive atoms and molecules, and
Negative and positive rights Negative and positive rights Negative and positive rights are rights that oblige either action ("positive rights") or inaction ("negative rights"). These obligations may be of either a legal or moral character. The notion of positive and negative rights may also be applied to liberty rights. To take an example involving two parties in a court of law: Adrian has a "negative right to x" against Clay if and only if Clay is "prohibited" from acting upon Adrian in some way regarding "x". In contrast, Adrian has a "positive right to x" against Clay if and only if Clay is obliged