Fractionation of carbon isotopes in oxygenic photosynthesis be less fractionated in C (ie, δC is relatively less negative) compared to C3 plants with low water-use efficiency. C4 plants have developed the C4 carbon fixation pathway to conserve water loss, thus are more prevalent in hot, sunny, and dry climates. These plants differ from C3 plants because the Calvin Cycle in C4 plants produces a four-carbon molecule, malate (rather than 3-phosphoglycerate), after fixation of CO. Malate, the four-carbon compound is the namesake of "C4" photosynthesis. This pathway allows C4 photosynthesis to efficiently shuttle CO to the RuBisCO enzyme and maintain high concentrations of CO within bundle sheath cells.
What Do You Care What Other People Think? What Do You Care What Other People Think? "What Do You Care What Other People Think?": Further Adventures of a Curious Character (1988) is the second of two books consisting of transcribed and edited, oral reminiscences from American physicist Richard Feynman. It follows "Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!". Richard Feynman received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 for his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics. He is a theoretical physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as