Human iron metabolism energy as ATP from a multi-step process known as cellular respiration, more specifically from oxidative phosphorylation at the mitochondrial cristae. Iron is present in the iron-sulfur clusters and heme groups of the electron transport chain proteins that generate a proton gradient that allows ATP synthase to synthesize ATP (chemiosmosis). Heme groups are part of hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells that serves to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Heme groups are also present in myoglobin to store and diffuse oxygen in muscle cells. The human body needs iron for oxygen transport. Oxygen (O) is required
Genetically engineered blood Genetically engineered blood Genetically engineered blood is blood that has been modified for therapeutic or other purposes. Genetically modifying red blood stem cells allows them to produce specific therapeutic proteins on the surface or inside the cell. The stem cells are taken from mammalian bone marrow and are modified in culture. Before they become mature, mammalian red blood cells eject their genetic material. Culturing cells that produce a new protein of interest requires only a few weeks. Using the sortagging protein labeling technique, the researchers used the bacterial enzyme sortase A to establish a strong chemical bond between the surface