Allergic inflammation immediate allergic reaction or as a Type I allergic reaction. The reaction is caused by the release of histamine and mast cell granule proteins by a process called degranulation, as well as the production of leukotrienes, prostaglandins and cytokines, by mast cells following the cross-linking of allergen specific IgE molecules bound to mast cell FcεRI receptors. These mediators affect nerve cells causing itching, smooth muscle cells causing contraction (leading to the airway narrowing seen in allergic asthma), goblet cells causing mucus production, and endothelial cells causing vasodilatation and edema. The late phase of a Type 1 reaction (which develops 8–12
Substance over form as reflecting only actual sales in "substance" (that is, items delivered to outside parties for payment), and not events that merely fit the "form" of sales documentation for convenience or expedience. The principle strictly governs and resolves disputes of whether workers are independent contractors or employees: Tax law forbids accounting for persons who are "substantially" employees in the "form" of independent contractors. The question of which "form" may be applied to any given case submits to objective tests of the "substance" of the work. Hence substance, over form, is the rule. Substance over form Substance over form is an accounting