Ideal gas except for the specification of these constants. The results of the quantum Boltzmann gas are used in a number of cases including the Sackur–Tetrode equation for the entropy of an ideal gas and the Saha ionization equation for a weakly ionized plasma. The classical thermodynamic properties of an ideal gas can be described by two equations of state: The ideal gas law is the equation of state for an ideal gas, given by: where The ideal gas law is an extension of experimentally discovered gas laws. It can also be derived from microscopic considerations. Real fluids at low density and
Negative and positive rights to act upon Adrian in some way regarding "x". A case in point, if Adrian has a "negative right to life" against Clay, then Clay is required to refrain from killing Adrian; while if Adrian has a "positive right to life" against Clay, then Clay is required to act as necessary to preserve the life of Adrian. Rights considered "negative rights" may include civil and political rights such as freedom of speech, life, private property, freedom from violent crime, freedom of religion, "habeas corpus", a fair trial, and freedom from slavery. Rights considered "positive rights", as initially proposed in 1979