Cimmeria (continent) Cimmeria (continent) Cimmeria was an ancient continent, or, rather, a string of microcontinents or terranes, that rifted from Gondwana in the Southern Hemisphere and was accreted to Eurasia in the Northern Hemisphere. It consisted of parts of what is today Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Tibet, Shan–Thai, and Malay Peninsula. Cimmeria rifted from the Gondwanan shores of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean during the Carboniferous-earliest Permian and as the Neo-Tethys Ocean opened behind it, during the Permian, the Paleo-Tethys closed in front of it. Cimmeria rifted off Gondwana from east to west, from Australia to the eastern Mediterranean. It stretched across several latitudes and
Smallest organisms "Megaphragma caribea" from Guadeloupe, measuring 170 μm long, is another contender for smallest known insect in the world. Beetles of the tribe Nanosellini are all less than 1 mm long; the smallest confirmed specimen is of "Scydosella musawasensis" at 325 μm long; a few other nanosellines are reportedly smaller, in historical literature, but none of these records have been confirmed using accurate modern tools. These are among the tiniest non-parasitic insects. The western pygmy blue ("Brephidium exilis") is one of the smallest butterflies in the world. The smallest sea cucumber, and also the smallest echinoderm, is "Psammothuria ganapati", a synaptid