Neuroendocrine cell peptides are GRP, the mammalian form of bombesin, and CGRP; these substances exert direct mitogenic effects on epithelial cells and exhibit many properties akin to growth factors. Specialized groups of neuroendocrine cells can be found at the base of the third ventricle in the brain (in a region called the hypothalamus). This area controls most anterior pituitary cells and thereby regulates functions in the entire body, like responses to stress, cold, sleep, and the reproductive system. The neurons send processes to a region connecting to the pituitary stalk and releasing hormones are delivered into the bloodstream. They are carried by
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction increased predisposition to infection usually take between 30 days and 1 year to improve. Cyproheptadine may be added to the treatment regime in horses that are inadequately responding to pergolide, but is usually only used in horses with advanced PPID on high doses of pergolide. Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), or equine Cushing's disease, is an endocrine disease affecting the pituitary gland of horses. It is most commonly seen in older animals, and is classically associated with the formation of a long, wavy coat (hirsutism) and chronic laminitis. Unlike the human and canine forms of Cushing's