Pulsatile insulin of Medicine at the University of California, Davis, led the field as a pioneer of using pulsatile insulin in the treatment of diabetes. Dr. Aoki’s work focused on the role of liver dysfunction in diabetic metabolism. He theorized that end organ damage in diabetes is caused by abnormal hepatic glucose metabolism, inadequate insulin delivery, and insulin resistance. He called his approach Metabolic Activation Therapy (MAT), which consisted of an ever-increasing baseline of insulin using Respiratory Quotient to determine the efficiency of treatment (US Patent 4,826,810). Normally, insulin is secreted from the pancreas in pulses into the portal vein which brings
Insulin resistance (generally caused by insulin resistance), this down-regulation acts as a kind of positive feedback, increasing the need for insulin. Exercise reverses this process in muscle tissue, but if it is left unchecked, it may contribute to insulin resistance. Elevated blood levels of glucose—regardless of cause—lead to increased glycation of proteins with changes, only a few of which are understood in any detail, in protein function throughout the body. Insulin resistance often is found in people with visceral adiposity (i.e., a high degree of fatty tissue within the abdomen—as distinct from subcutaneous adiposity or fat between the skin and the muscle