Bladder outlet obstruction but still have normal renal architecture. This leads to a decrease in the number of nephrons, or functional units of the kidney. Malformation of kidney or bladder architecture. A dysplastic kidney is typically small for age and may contain cysts. A multicystic dysplastic kidney is an extreme example of renal dysplasia. Dilation of the renal pelvis, ureters, or both. Also called hydronephrosis. Kidneys and ureters located in incorrect position, including horseshoe kidney and ectopic ureters. Bladder outlet obstruction is classified based on where along the urinary tract the obstruction occurs, including upper urinary tract obstruction and lower urinary tract obstruction.
Neurogenic bladder dysfunction Neurogenic bladder dysfunction Neurogenic bladder dysfunction, sometimes simply referred to as neurogenic bladder, is a dysfunction of the urinary bladder due to disease of the central nervous system or peripheral nerves involved in the control of micturition (urination). Neurogenic bladder usually causes difficulty - or full inability - to pass urine without use of a catheter or other method. Any condition that impairs bladder and bladder outlet afferent and efferent signaling can cause neurogenic bladder. It is often associated with spinal cord diseases (such as syringomyelia/hydromyelia), injuries (like herniated disks), and neural tube defects including spina bifida. It may also