Kidney always so simple; in cartilaginous fish and some amphibians, there is also a shorter duct, similar to the amniote ureter, which drains the posterior (metanephric) parts of the kidney, and joins with the archinephric duct at the bladder or cloaca. Indeed, in many cartilaginous fish, the anterior portion of the kidney may degenerate or cease to function altogether in the adult. In the most primitive vertebrates, the hagfish and lampreys, the kidney is unusually simple: it consists of a row of nephrons, each emptying directly into the archinephric duct. Invertebrates may possess excretory organs that are sometimes referred to as
London Connects kept under strict review and revised as deemed appropriate by the London Connects Board and multi-sector Steering Group. Board members were appointed either by the Mayor of London or by the Leaders' Committee of London Councils. London Connects was also the first organisation to set up a Warning, Advice & Reporting Point (WARP). This service facilitates information sharing and helps the London boroughs in the fight against electronic attack. The programme was disbanded in 2009. London Connects London Connects was jointly owned by the Greater London Authority and London Councils. Its purpose was to improve public services in London and