Tropospheric ozone spectrum, the most common way to measure ozone is to measure how much of this light spectrum is absorbed in the atmosphere. Because the stratosphere has higher ozone concentration than the troposphere, it is important for remote sensing instruments to be able to determine altitude along with the concentration measurements. The TOMS-EP instrument aboard a satellite from NASA is an example of an ozone layer measuring satellite , and TES is an example of an ozone measuring satellite that is specifically for the troposphere. Lidar is a common ground based remote sensing technique to measure ozone. TOLnet is the network
Computation of radiowave attenuation in the atmosphere recommendations is available for download and is available to the public. The document ITU-R P.676-8 of the ITU-R section considers the atmosphere as being divided into spherical homogeneous layers; each layer has a constant refraction index. By the use of trigonometry, a couple of formulas and an algorithm were derived. Through the use of an invariant, the same results can be directly derived: An incident ray at A under the angle Φ hits the layer B at the angle "θ". From basic Euclidean geometry: By Snell's law: so that Notes: The ITU recommended algorithm consists of launching a ray from