Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC, informally called afterburn) is a measurably increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous activity. In historical contexts the term "oxygen debt" was popularized to explain or perhaps attempt to quantify anaerobic energy expenditure, particularly as regards lactic acid/lactate metabolism; in fact, the term "oxygen debt" is still widely used to this day. However, direct and indirect calorimeter experiments have definitively disproven any association of lactate metabolism as causal to an elevated oxygen uptake. In recovery, oxygen (EPOC) is used in the processes that restore the body to a resting state and
Asynchronous muscles These systems can be thought of as resonant systems, for which the oscillation frequency is dependent on the elasticity, damping, and force applied to the system. In a simplified case, this can be thought of as a linearly damped harmonic oscillator, for which the damped resonant frequency is formula_1 The damping ratio, "ζ ," is dependent on c, the damping coefficient, m, the mass of the system, and k, the stiffness of the system as shown formula_2 Asynchronous muscles sacrifice neural control and flexibility in exchange for high force production and efficiency. Given the long twitch duration of asynchronous muscle,