Molecular models of DNA simulations that are very important to understand how DNA functions "in vivo". From the very early stages of structural studies of DNA by X-ray diffraction and biochemical means, molecular models such as the Watson-Crick nucleic acid double helix model were successfully employed to solve the 'puzzle' of DNA structure, and also find how the latter relates to its key functions in living cells. The first high quality X-ray diffraction patterns of A-DNA were reported by Rosalind Franklin and Raymond Gosling in 1953. Rosalind Franklin made the critical observation that DNA exists in two distinct forms, A and B, and produced
X-ray crystallography polymethylcyanoacrylaon of Boin crystal parameters. Heating or burning of bones causes recognizeable changes in the bone mineral that can be detected using X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. During the first 15 minutes of heating at 500 °C or above, the bone crstals began to change. At higher temperatures, thickness and shape of crystals of bones appear stabilized, but when the samples were heated at lower temperature or for shorter period, XRD traces showed extreme changes in crystal parameters. X-ray diffraction has been demonstrated as a method for investigating the complex structure of integrated circuits. X-ray crystallography X-ray crystallography is a technique