Chlorophyll Chlorosis can also be caused by pathogens including viruses, bacteria and fungal infections, or sap-sucking insects. Anthocyanins are other plant pigments. The absorbance pattern responsible for the red color of anthocyanins may be complementary to that of green chlorophyll in photosynthetically active tissues such as young "Quercus coccifera" leaves. It may protect the leaves from attacks by plant eaters that may be attracted by green color. The chlorophyll maps show milligrams of chlorophyll per cubic meter of seawater each month. Places where chlorophyll amounts were very low, indicating very low numbers of phytoplankton, are blue. Places where chlorophyll concentrations were
Tree fern tree fern), "Cystodium", "Leptopteris", "Lophosoria", "Sadleria", "Thyrsopteris" and "Todea" could also be considered tree ferns in a liberal interpretation of the term. Tree ferns are found growing in tropical and subtropical areas, including cool to temperate rainforests in Australia, New Zealand and neighbouring regions (e.g. Malaysia, Lord Howe Island, etc.). Like all ferns, tree ferns reproduce by means of spores formed on the undersides of the fronds. The fronds of tree ferns are usually very large and multiple-pinnate. Tree ferns do not form new woody tissue in their trunk as they grow. Rather, the trunk is supported by a fibrous