Scotopic vision Scotopic vision Scotopic vision is the vision of the eye under low-light levels. The term comes from Greek "skotos", meaning "darkness", and "-opia", meaning "a condition of sight". In the human eye, cone cells are nonfunctional in low visible light. Scotopic vision is produced exclusively through rod cells, which are most sensitive to wavelengths of around 498 nm (green–blue) and are insensitive to wavelengths longer than about 640 nm (red). This condition is called the Purkinje effect. Scotopic vision is dominated by retina amacrine cells, specifically AII-amacrine cells. AII-amacrine cells capture rod bipolar cell input and redistribute it to cone
Gene therapy of the human retina Thus overall, subretinal AAV is 5-10 times more efficient than delivery using the intravitreal route. One important factor in gene delivery is developing altered cell tropisms to narrow or broaden rAAV-mediated gene delivery and to increase its efficiency in tissues. Specific properties like capsid conformation, cell targeting strategies can determine which cell types are affected and also the efficiency of the gene transfer process. Different kinds of modification can be undertaken. For example, modification by chemical, immunological or genetic changes that enables the AAV2 capsid to interact with specific cell surface molecules. Initial studies with AAV in the retina have