Red blood cell oxygen has been released the resulting deoxyhemoglobin is of a dark red burgundy color. However, blood can appear bluish when seen through the vessel wall and skin. Pulse oximetry takes advantage of the hemoglobin color change to directly measure the arterial blood oxygen saturation using colorimetric techniques. Hemoglobin also has a very high affinity for carbon monoxide, forming carboxyhemoglobin which is a very bright red in color. Flushed, confused patients with a saturation reading of 100% on pulse oximetry are sometimes found to be suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning. Having oxygen-carrying proteins inside specialized cells (as opposed to oxygen carriers
Hemoglobin D-Punjab have increased risk of having Hemoglobin D Disease, Hemoglobin SD disease or Beta-thalassemia Disease. Even homozygous Hemoglobin D disease does not typically cause clinically significant symptoms. Occasionally it can cause mild haemolytic anaemia and mild splenomegaly. The anemia usually occurs in the first few months of life, as fetal hemoglobin decreases and hemoglobin D increases. Hb D-Punjab becomes significant when it is co-inherited with Hb S or B thalassemia. 1. Tyagi S, Marwaha N, Parmar V, Basu S. Sickle cell hemoglobin-D Punjab disease (Compound Heterozygous state). Ind J Hematol Blood Transf 2000;18:31-2. 2. 3. http://www.idph.state.il.us/HealthWellness/fs/hemoglobin_d.htm 4. http://health.utah.gov/newbornscreening/Disorders/HB/Hb_D_Disease_DD/FactSheet_Provider_HbDD_En.pdf 5. www.chime.ucl.ac.uk/APoGI/data/rtf/hb/carriers/b/dp/carbook.rtf Hemoglobin