Hot dry rock geothermal energy Hot dry rock geothermal energy Hot dry rock (HDR) is an abundant source of geothermal energy available for use. A vast store of thermal energy is contained within hot - but essentially dry - impervious crystalline basement rocks found almost everywhere deep beneath the earth’s surface. A concept for the extraction of useful amounts of geothermal energy from HDR originated at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1970, and Laboratory researchers were awarded a U.S. patent covering it. Although often confused with the relatively limited hydrothermal resource already commercialized to a large extent, HDR geothermal energy is very different. Whereas
Notes from Underground serfs, Russia was still very much a post-medieval, traditional peasant society. However, when "Notes From Underground" was written, there was an intellectual ferment on discussions regarding religious philosophy and various 'enlightened' utopian ideas. Dostoevsky, however, along with his notable contemporary, Soren Kierkegaard, rejected such ideas for proto-existentialist themes. Most importantly, the legacy that the work leaves is a challenge to and a method of understanding the larger implications of a utopian society. Utopianism largely pertains to a society's collective dream, but what troubles the Underground Man is this very idea of collectivism. The point the Underground Man makes is that