Charge radius the composite particle must be modeled as a sphere of negative rather than positive electric charge for the interpretation of electron scattering experiments. In these cases, the square of the charge radius of the particle is defined to be negative, with the same absolute value with units of length squared equal to the positive squared charge radius that it would have had if it was identical in all other respects but each quark in the particle had the opposite electric charge (with the charge radius itself having a value that is an imaginary number with units of length). It is
Emmy (given name) Emmy (given name) Emmy is a feminine (sometimes also masculine) given name. Orthographic variants include Emme, Emmi and Emmie. The name is in many instances a hypocoristic of either Emma (itself being in origin a hypocoristic of a number of ancient Germanic names beginning in "ermen") or (more rarely) Emily, or Emmanuel (Emmanuelle). It came to be used as a separate (rare) German name, given officially in Germany from the later 19th century. As an officially given feminine name, Emmy ranked 66th in Sweden and 89th in France as of 2010. Emmy is rarely also encountered as a surname. Notable