Magnetic flux area S is where "B" is the magnitude of the magnetic field (the magnetic flux density) having the unit of Wb/m (tesla), "S" is the area of the surface, and "θ" is the angle between the magnetic field lines and the normal (perpendicular) to S. For a varying magnetic field, we first consider the magnetic flux through an infinitesimal area element dS, where we may consider the field to be constant: A generic surface, S, can then be broken into infinitesimal elements and the total magnetic flux through the surface is then the surface integral From the definition of the
Magnetic flux quantum holes. The magnetic flux quantum may be measured with great precision by exploiting the Josephson effect. When coupled with the measurement of the von Klitzing constant , this provides the most precise values of Planck's constant obtained to date. This is remarkable since is generally associated with the behavior of microscopically small systems, whereas the quantization of magnetic flux in a superconductor and the quantum Hall effect are both collective phenomena associated with thermodynamically large numbers of particles. Magnetic flux quantum The magnetic flux, represented by the symbol , threading some contour or loop is defined as the magnetic field