Sickle cell nephropathy Sickle cell nephropathy Sickle cell nephropathy is a type of nephropathy associated with sickle cell disease which causes kidney complications as a result of sickling of red blood cells in the small blood vessels. The hypertonic and relatively hypoxic environment of the renal medulla, coupled with the slow blood flow in the vasa recta, favors sickling of red blood cells, with resultant local infarction (papillary necrosis). Functional tubule defects in patients with sickle cell disease are likely the result of partial ischemic injury to the renal tubules. Also the sickle cell disease in young patients is characterized by renal hyperperfusion,
U2 Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky in October 1983 to promote U2's companion live mini-LP "Under a Blood Red Sky", which was released the following month. The mini-LP, whose name was later used as a subtitle for the concert film, features eight live songs from the War Tour, two of which ("Gloria" and "Party Girl") were taken from the Red Rocks concert; the other tracks were taken from performances in Boston and West Germany, as U2 thought they were "more developed performances". "U2 Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky" was U2's first home video release, initially released on VHS and Betamax by MCA