Classical unified field theories since antisymmetry seemed essential for electromagnetism, the symmetry requirement was relaxed for one or both fields. Einstein's proposed unified-field equations (fundamental laws of physics) were generally derived from a variational principle expressed in terms of the Riemann curvature tensor for the presumed space-time manifold. In field theories of this kind, particles appear as limited regions in space-time in which the field strength or the energy density are particularly high. Einstein and coworker Leopold Infeld managed to demonstrate that, in Einstein's final theory of the unified field, true singularities of the field did have trajectories resembling point particles. However, singularities are
Unified primary Primary For All Candidates." Several variations of this measure have been filed to date: 2014 Initiative Petitions 38 and 51. The campaign did not collect the 87,213 signatures required to get Petition 54 onto the ballot. (The "Open Primary" proposal that used plurality voting did collect enough signatures, but was defeated.) Frohnmayer later joined the campaign for STAR voting, an alternate voting method which would replace blanket/unified primaries with a single election that uses a score ballot and automatic runoff, though still promoting the unified primary under the name "Equal Top Two". Unified primary A unified primary is a proposed