Rust (fungus) of the rust fungi "Cronartium ribicola", preventing the formation of basidiospores which infect the primary host. Although spores from white pines cannot infect other white pines, survival spores may overwinter on infected pines and reinfect "Ribes" spp. the following season. Infected tissue is removed from white pines and strict quarantines of "Ribes" spp. are maintained in high risk areas. "Puccinia graminis" is a macrocyclic heteroecious fungus that causes wheat stem rust disease. The repeating stage in this fungus occurs on wheat and not the alternate host, barberry. The repeating stage allows the disease to persist in wheat even though the
Mimicry in plants Mimicry in plants In evolutionary biology, mimicry in plants is where a plant organism evolves to resemble another organism physically or chemically, increasing the mimic's Darwinian fitness. Mimicry in plants has been studied far less than mimicry in animals, with fewer documented cases and peer-reviewed studies. However, it may provide protection against herbivory, or may deceptively encourage mutualists, like pollinators, to provide a service without offering a reward in return. Types of plant mimicry include Bakerian, where female flowers imitate males of the same species, Dodsonian, where flowers lure pollinators by mimicking another species of flower, Vavilovian, where a weed