Bladder outlet obstruction at the level of the urethra. It occurs in approximately 1 in every 5000 to 8000 live births and only occurs in males. Since PUV always affects both sides of the urinary tract, patients with posterior urethral valves are at the greatest risk for developing chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease due to obstructive uropathy. A ureterocele is a cystic dilation of the end of the ureter that can occur in the bladder and/or in the urethra. It occurs in approximately 1 in every 5000 live births, is most commonly seen in females and involves both ides of the
Bladder tank open surface free of rocks or other materials that might damage the walls. A fine layer of sand or a special ground cloth is often used to minimize surface irregularities. Ground cloths are generally made from a geotextile fabric designed to minimize the chance of abrasion and tank failure. Bladder tanks are lightweight, flexible, mobile and can last for many years. The materials used to make bladder walls are recyclable and can be re-used for other purposes. Bladder tanks have capacities up to 1,000 cubic meters. Liquid stored in a flexible bladder tank does not evaporate and any odor it