Glycolysis involved in glycolysis. The burning sensation in muscles during hard exercise can be attributed to the release of hydrogen ions during the shift to glucose fermentation from glucose oxidation to carbon dioxide and water, when aerobic metabolism can no longer keep pace with the energy demands of the muscles. These hydrogen ions form a part of lactic acid. The body falls back on this less efficient but faster method of producing ATP under low oxygen conditions. This is thought to have been the primary means of energy production in earlier organisms before oxygen reached high concentrations in the atmosphere between
Asynchronous muscles system increases with stiffness. Therefore, modulating the stiffness of the thorax leads to changes in wingbeat frequency. Although heart muscles are not strictly asynchronous, they exhibit delayed stretch activation properties. As cardiac muscle is lengthened, there is an instantaneous rise in force caused by elastic, spring-like elements in the muscle. After a time delay, the muscle generates a second rise in force, which is caused by delayed stretch activation as seen in purely asynchronous muscle. This property benefits heart function by maintaining papillary muscle tension during the entire systolic cycle well after the electrical wave has passed. Through stretch activation,