Vibration calibrator constant up to a maximum specified weight of test object. Older models can be used to calibrate objects weighing up to a maximum of approximately 100 g, whereas the latest instruments can work stably with test objects weighing over 500 g. Vibration calibrators are most often used for testing and checking vibration sensors and measuring instruments at the site of their operation and are, therefore, usually transportable and battery operated. The most commonly occurring vibration frequency of calibrators is 159.2 Hz, which is equivalent to a radian frequency of 1000 rad/s. The vibration displacement, velocity and acceleration of sinusoidal signals
Kinetic theory of gases can calculate the number of atomic or molecular collisions with a wall of a container per unit area per unit time. Assuming an ideal gas, a derivation results in an equation for total number of collisions per unit time per area: This quantity is also known as the "impingement rate" in vacuum physics. From the kinetic energy formula it can be shown that where "v" is in m/s, "T" is in kelvins, and "m" is the mass of one molecule of gas. The most probable (or mode) speed formula_26 is 81.6% of the rms speed formula_27, and the mean (arithmetic