Kidney structure with a convex and a concave border. A recessed area on the concave border is the renal hilum, where the renal artery enters the kidney and the renal vein and ureter leave. The kidney is surrounded by tough fibrous tissue, the renal capsule, which is itself surrounded by perirenal fat, renal fascia, and pararenal fat. The anterior (front) surface of these tissues is the peritoneum, while the posterior (rear) surface is the transversalis fascia. The superior pole of the right kidney is adjacent to the liver. For the left kidney, it is next to the spleen. Both, therefore, move
Trigeminal artery cerebellum, midbrain, and parts of the temporal and occipital lobes, meaning that anything disrupting blood flow in the internal carotid artery could lead to ischemia in these regions. In addition, persistent trigeminal artery has been associated with vertebrobasilar insufficiency, brainstem ischemia, and carotid cavernous fistulae. Trigeminal artery The trigeminal artery is an artery that supplies the basilar artery with blood during human embryonic development. Normally, the trigeminal artery involutes after the formation of the posterior communicating artery. However, in some cases, the artery persists into adulthood and can cause medical complications, including intracranial aneurysms. The trigeminal artery arises from the