Leiden University at the university. The learning and reputation of Jacobus Gronovius, Herman Boerhaave, Tiberius Hemsterhuis and David Ruhnken, among others, enabled Leiden to maintain its reputation for excellence down to the end of the 18th century. At the end of the nineteenth century, Leiden University again became one of Europe's leading universities. At the world’s first university low-temperature laboratory, professor Heike Kamerlingh Onnes achieved temperatures of only one degree above absolute zero of −273 degrees Celsius. In 1908 he was also the first to succeed in liquifying helium and can be credited with the discovery of the superconductivity in metals. The
Heike Hanada have to be made concerning what is to be demolished and how one can or should adapt oneself when building. It is a tricky balancing act in which conservative conclusions come easily. When a new building stands next to an old one, the difference in periods is made articulate, the new enriches the old and vice versa, resulting in a powerful wholeness. The extension has officially been put on hold in autumn 2009 after a change in local government and a massive campaign about what critics saw as an unacceptable impact on the original, Asplund approved complex. Heike Hanada Heike