Physics and Beyond "'Do you see whales, Heisenberg?', 'Yes, I see only whales, but I hope they are only big waves.'", is one of humorous scenes when the author, Bohr and other friends were sailing in a dark night. The book provides a first-hand account about how science is done and how quantum physics, especially the Copenhagen interpretation, emerged. "Nobody can reproduce these conversations verbatim, but I believe that the spirit of what the people said, and how they did, is conserved," the author tries to explain in the preface. Many believe that the golden years of physics around 1925, when "even small
Heisenberg group operators on formula_103: for formula_109. So too do the multiplications by characters: for formula_111. These operators do not commute, and instead satisfy multiplication by a fixed unit modulus complex number. So the Heisenberg group formula_113 associated with "K" is a type of central extension of formula_114, via an exact sequence of groups: More general Heisenberg groups are described by 2-cocyles in the cohomology group formula_116. The existence of a duality between formula_117 and formula_101 gives rise to a canonical cocycle, but there are generally others. The Heisenberg group acts irreducibly on formula_103. Indeed, the continuous characters separate points so any