Marine pollution is a primary cause of eutrophication of surface waters, in which excess nutrients, usually nitrates or phosphates, stimulate algae growth. Many potentially toxic chemicals adhere to tiny particles which are then taken up by plankton and benthic animals, most of which are either deposit feeders or filter feeders. In this way, the toxins are concentrated upward within ocean food chains. Many particles combine chemically in a manner highly depletive of oxygen, causing estuaries to become anoxic. When pesticides are incorporated into the marine ecosystem, they quickly become absorbed into marine food webs. Once in the food webs, these pesticides can
Short food supply chains other intervention actions also states «"the development of short food chains and facilitation of geographical proximity between producers and processors". » Farmers' markets, are physical retail markets featuring foods sold directly by farmers to consumers. Community-supported agriculture (CSA), network or association of individuals who have pledged to support one or more local farms, with growers and consumers sharing the risks and benefits of food production. The URGENCI network federates initiatives of CSA from all over the world. AMAP ("French Associations pour le maintien d'une agriculture paysanne") support peasant and organic agriculture through direct links between farmers and consumers Short food