Fractionation of carbon isotopes in oxygenic photosynthesis the C3 pathway in the daytime and the C4 pathway in the nighttime. At night, when temperature and water loss are lower, the CO diffuses through the stomata and produce malate via phosphenolpyruvate carboxylase. During the following day, stomata are closed, malate is decarboxylated, and CO is fixed by RuBisCO. This process alone is similar to that of C4 plants and yields characteristic C4 fractionation values of approximately -11‰. However, in the afternoon, CAM plants may open their stomata and perform C3 photosynthesis. In daytime alone, CAM plants have approximately -28‰ fractionation, characteristic of C3 plants. These combined effects provide
What I Need to Do What I Need to Do "What I Need To Do" is a song written by Tom Damphier and Bill Luther, and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney. It was released in January 2000 as the fourth and final single from Chesney's 1999 album "Everywhere We Go". The song peaked at number 8 in the United States and number 13 in Canada in 2000. The song describes the narrator thinking about "what [he] need[s] to do" as he is driving away from his old hometown away from his former lover. He also thinks that he should "turn [his] car