Drinking water Technology, Eawag, developed a method by which hazard maps could be produced for geogenic toxic substances in groundwater. This provides an efficient way of determining which wells should be tested. Parameters for drinking water quality typically fall within three categories: Physical and chemical parameters include heavy metals, trace organic compounds, total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity. Microbiological parameters include Coliform bacteria, "E. coli", and specific pathogenic species of bacteria (such as cholera-causing "Vibrio cholerae"), viruses, and protozoan parasites. Chemical parameters tend to pose more of a chronic health risk through buildup of heavy metals although some components like nitrates/nitrites and
Crop tolerance to seawater obtained half the normal yield per acre, i.e. half of the average yield per acre at national level. The experiment was conducted at Bodega Bay, North of San Francisco, in a laboratory on the Pacific Ocean. A team led by Liu Shiping, a professor of agriculture at Yangzhou University, created rice varieties that can be grown in salt water, and achieve yields of 6,5 to 9,3 tons per hectare. Crop tolerance to seawater Crop tolerance to seawater is the ability of an agricultural crop to withstand the high salinity induced by irrigation with seawater, or a mixture of fresh water