Work of breathing Work of breathing Work of breathing (WOB) is the energy expended to inhale and exhale a breathing gas. It is usually expressed as work per unit volume, for example, joules/litre, or as a work rate (power), such as joules/min or equivalent units, as it is not particularly useful without a reference to volume or time. It can be calculated in terms of the pulmonary pressure multiplied by the change in pulmonary volume, or in terms of the oxygen consumption attributable to breathing. In a normal resting state the work of breathing constitutes about 5% of the total body oxygen consumption.
Scientific Revolution introduced the term "scientific revolution", centering his analysis on Galileo. The term was popularized by Butterfield in his "Origins of Modern Science". Thomas Kuhn's 1962 work "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" emphasized that different theoretical frameworks—such as Einstein's relativity theory and Newton's theory of gravity, which it replaced—cannot be directly compared. The transformation of scientific subject also concerns the social sciences. These inherit from a natural philosophy a dispute that authors like Francesco Bacone and Descartes take charge of following. This particular aspect is questioned. Thus arise disciplines that reflect the natural world with social laws. They are sociology, social