Antibiotic resistance in gonorrhea mechanism for beta-lactam resistance. There have been over 200 beta-lactamases described and some of them are antibiotic specific. TEM-1 is a penicillinase specific for penicillins. This enzyme will bind to the beta-lactam ring which is a structural characteristic for beta-lactams and hydrolyze the ring. This renders the antibiotic inactive. The spread of the penicillinase resistance was much faster compared to the chromosomal-mediated resistance mechanisms. The plasmids containing TEM-1 could be passed from bacterium to bacterium via conjugation Quinolones are a class of synthetic antibiotics that inhibit DNA replication, recombination, and repair by interacting with the bacterial DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase
Who I Was Born to Be to Be" was composed by Johan Fransson, Tim Larsson, and Tobias Lundgren. Among her most notable performances of "Who I Was Born to Be", Boyle's first live performance of this song was on 7 December 2009 in London before an audience for the taping of her television special "". "Who I Was Born to Be" was used as the theme song for the anime "Welcome to the Space Show" which was released in 2010. Boyle performed the song on The Oprah Winfrey Show in Chicago on 19 January 2010. On 10 July 2011 she performed it in front of a