Electrical resistivity and conductivity results in the important concept of "quasineutrality", which says the density of negative charges is approximately equal to the density of positive charges over large volumes of the plasma ("n" = <Z>"n"), but on the scale of the Debye length there can be charge imbalance. In the special case that "double layers" are formed, the charge separation can extend some tens of Debye lengths. The magnitude of the potentials and electric fields must be determined by means other than simply finding the net charge density. A common example is to assume that the electrons satisfy the Boltzmann relation: Differentiating this
Positive real numbers numbers. For a given positive real number "x", the sequence {"x"} of its integral powers has three different fates: When "x" ∈ (0, 1) the limit is zero and when "x" ∈ (1, ∞) the limit is infinity, while the sequence is constant for "x" = 1. The case "x" > 1 thus leads to an unbounded sequence. formula_10 and the multiplicative inverse function exchanges the intervals. The functions floor, formula_11, and excess, formula_12, have been used to describe an element formula_13 as a continued fraction formula_14 which is a sequence of integers obtained from the floor function after the