Mercury-in-glass thermometer ushered in a new era of accuracy and precision in thermometry, and is still to this day regarded as one of the most accurate thermometers available. The thermometer was used by the originators of the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales. Anders Celsius, a Swedish scientist, devised the Celsius scale, which was described in his publication "The origin of the Celsius temperature scale" in 1742. Celsius used two fixed points in his scale: the temperature of melting ice and the temperature of boiling water. This wasn't a new idea, since Isaac Newton was already working on something similar. The distinction of Celsius
Provisional Low Temperature Scale of 2000 different temperatures can give the same pressure, the scale is otherwise robust since the melting pressure of helium-3 is insensitive to many experimental factors. Provisional Low Temperature Scale of 2000 The Provisional Low Temperature Scale of 2000 (PLTS-2000) is an equipment calibration standard for making measurements of very low temperatures, in the range of 0.9 mK (millikelvin) to 1 K, adopted by the International Committee for Weights and Measures in October, 2000. It is based on the melting pressure of solidified helium-3. At these low temperatures, the melting pressure of helium-3 varies from about 2.9 MPa to nearly 4.0 MPa.