McDonald Islands (volcano) McDonald Islands (volcano) The McDonald Islands () are the peaks of a volcano in the southern Indian Ocean in the vicinity of Heard Island (). The islands are Australian external territory. Prior to 1992, the volcano had not erupted in the previous 75,000 years. The McDonald Islands volcano comprises three islands: McDonald Island, Flat Island (which later merged with McDonald Island) and Meyer Rock. The islands are mostly composed of phonolitic low-silica pumice, dikes and lava domes, and sit atop a submarine plateau, the Kerguelen plateau. They are located about 75 km from Heard Island. McDonald Island is the largest
Liquid chalk from magnesium carbonate, as compared to the more common powder chalk, which is calcium carbonate. Since liquid chalk does not leave a white residue, it is an environmentally friendly alternative. In four forms of climbing, liquid chalk may prove more useful than powdered chalk. "Many rock climbers prefer to use liquid over dry because of volume and weight. In the past, huge heavy chalk blocks had to be taken on climbs because so much was required to climb" In other sports, liquid chalk is less beneficial to the athlete, because re-chalking can be done more easily between sets or rounds.