Spruce broom rust of the broom. The main damage from the rust is simply overall volume and growth loss. The number of brooms as well as their proximity to the main stem can also play a role in determining the extent of the damage to the tree. "Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli" is an obligate parasite, and as with most other rust fungi diseases, spruce broom rust requires two different host plants to carry out its life cycle and is therefore referred to as heteroecious. The primary or aecial host of the rust is spruce ("Picea" spp.), and the secondary or telia host of the rust
Aerobic organism Aerotolerant organisms must continue fermentation in the presence of oxygen. A good example is the oxidation of glucose (a monosaccharide) in aerobic respiration. Oxygen is used during the oxidation of glucose and water is produced. This equation is a summary of what happens in three series of biochemical reactions: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Aerobic organism An aerobic organism or aerobe is an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment. In contrast, an anaerobic organism (anaerobe) is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth. Some anaerobes react negatively or even die if oxygen