Marine life appeared in the form of fish, which live exclusively in water. Some of these evolved into amphibians which spend portions of their lives in water and portions on land. Other fish evolved into land mammals and subsequently returned to the ocean as seals, dolphins or whales. Plant forms such as kelp and algae grow in the water and are the basis for some underwater ecosystems. Plankton, and particularly phytoplankton, are key primary producers forming the general foundation of the ocean food chain. Marine invertebrates exhibit a wide range of modifications to survive in poorly oxygenated waters including breathing tubes (see
Short food supply chains other intervention actions also states «"the development of short food chains and facilitation of geographical proximity between producers and processors". » Farmers' markets, are physical retail markets featuring foods sold directly by farmers to consumers. Community-supported agriculture (CSA), network or association of individuals who have pledged to support one or more local farms, with growers and consumers sharing the risks and benefits of food production. The URGENCI network federates initiatives of CSA from all over the world. AMAP ("French Associations pour le maintien d'une agriculture paysanne") support peasant and organic agriculture through direct links between farmers and consumers Short food