Johannes Diderik van der Waals higher temperatures. Nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and helium subsequently succumbed to liquefaction. Heike Kamerlingh Onnes was significantly influenced by the pioneer work of van der Waals. In 1908, Onnes became the first to make liquid helium; this led directly to his 1911 discovery of superconductivity. Van der Waals started his career as a school teacher. He became the first physics professor of the University of Amsterdam when in 1877 the old Athenaeum was upgraded to Municipal University. Van der Waals won the 1910 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids. Johannes Diderik
Heike Kemmer breeding stable for Hanoverian horses now run by Heike. In the 1990s, Heike became the farm manager, and moved the focus of the stables from show jumping to dressage. Kemmer attended her first Olympics in 2000, as an alternate to the German team, but did not participate in the Games. In 2004, she rode in the Olympics for the first time, placing 26th individually. She also rode as part of the gold-medal winning German team, but as the lowest-scoring member, her score was not used to determine the team's standing. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, her performance improved significantly, and