Fern plants. Like all other vascular plants, the diploid sporophyte is the dominant phase or generation in the life cycle. The gametophytes of ferns, however, are very different from those of seed plants. They are free-living and resemble liverworts, whereas those of seed plants develop within the spore wall and are dependent on the parent sporophyte for their nutrition. A fern gametophyte typically consists of: Ferns first appear in the fossil record in the early Carboniferous period. By the Triassic, the first evidence of ferns related to several modern families appeared. The great fern radiation occurred in the late Cretaceous, when
Rube Ferns Matty Matthews, and two each with Martin Duffy and Charley Sieger. One of his last bouts was a loss to Wildcat Ferns on April 5, 1910 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Ferns worked as a referee from his early days in boxing, throughout his career, and into his retirement. He refereed at least fourteen bouts between November 1899 and December 1922, including bouts with Wildcat Ferns, Kid Stein, Otto Knopp, Joe Leonard, and brothers Art and Dennis Magirl. He refereed primarily in the New York area, and out west after his retirement from boxing. Ferns died on June 11, 1952. When