Atrioventricular node the crista terminalis, and anteriorly, via the interatrial septum. Contraction of heart muscle cells requires depolarization and repolarization of their cell membranes. Movement of ions across cell membranes causes these events. The cardiac conduction system (and AV node part of it) coordinates myocyte mechanical activity. A wave of excitation spreads out from the sinoatrial node through the atria along specialized conduction channels. This activates the AV node. The atrioventricular node delays impulses by approximately 0.09s. This delay in the cardiac pulse is extremely important: It ensures that the atria have ejected their blood into the ventricles first before the ventricles
Exposed node problem or the data rates are different) the problem may occur that the sender will not hear the CTS or the ACK during the transmission of data of the second sender. Exposed node problem In wireless networks, the exposed node problem occurs when a node is prevented from sending packets to other nodes because of a neighboring transmitter. Consider an example of 4 nodes labeled R1, S1, S2, and R2, where the two receivers (R1, R2) are out of range of each other, yet the two transmitters (S1, S2) in the middle are in range of each other. Here, if a