Sickle cell nephropathy Sickle cell nephropathy Sickle cell nephropathy is a type of nephropathy associated with sickle cell disease which causes kidney complications as a result of sickling of red blood cells in the small blood vessels. The hypertonic and relatively hypoxic environment of the renal medulla, coupled with the slow blood flow in the vasa recta, favors sickling of red blood cells, with resultant local infarction (papillary necrosis). Functional tubule defects in patients with sickle cell disease are likely the result of partial ischemic injury to the renal tubules. Also the sickle cell disease in young patients is characterized by renal hyperperfusion,
The Blood Cell The Blood Cell The Blood Cell is a BBC Books original novel written by James Goss and based on the long-running British science fiction television series "Doctor Who". It features the Twelfth Doctor and Clara Oswald. The book was released on 11 September 2014 along with "Silhouette" and "The Crawling Terror". "The Blood Cell" gained generally positive reviews, calling it an "effective chiller". Most of them commented the unusual way of narration from the first-person perspective of the administrator of the prison in which the book is set known as the Governor. More grim and darker tone is also noted.