Autoimmune GFAP Astrocytopathy The scar is formed by astrocytes interacting with fibrous tissue to re-establish the glial margins around the central injury core and is partially caused by up-regulation of GFAP. The reported symptoms are: Under MRI these patients show a characteristic radial enhancing and laminar patterns. In an early report, most patients had brain abnormalities (89.5%), of which eight (42.1%) revealed the characteristic radial enhancing and laminar patterns. Cortical abnormalities were found in one fifth of patients (21.1%). Other abnormalities were found in the hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla cerebellum, meninges and skull. Eleven patients had longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions. CSF abnormalities
Antigen transfer in the thymus in thymic medulla, namely clonal deletion ("recessive tolerance") and T Regulatory cells selection ("dominant tolerance") which force autoreactive T cells to apoptosis or skew them into suppressor T regulatory cells (TRegs), respectively, in order to protect body against manifestations of autoimmunity. These processes are mediated especially by unique subset of stromal cells called Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) via presentation of Tissue restricted antigens (TRAs) that represent self tissues from almost all parts of the body. mTECs are not only capable to present TRAs as efficient APCs. They are also potent in production of these TRAs via unique process called