Extraterrestrial atmosphere other trace elements, including compounds based on hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, carbon, and oxygen. The atmosphere of Venus is much hotter and denser than that of Earth, though shallower. As greenhouse gases warm a lower atmosphere, they cool the upper atmosphere, leading to compact thermospheres. By some definitions, Venus has no stratosphere. The troposphere begins at the surface and extends up to an altitude of 65 kilometres (an altitude at which the mesosphere has already been reached on Earth). At the top of the troposphere, temperature and pressure reach Earth-like levels. Winds at the surface are a few metres per second,
Atmosphere of Jupiter streamers—are still used. Other terms such as vorticity, vertical motion, cloud heights have entered in use later, in the 20th century. The first observations of the Jovian atmosphere at higher resolution than possible with Earth-based telescopes were taken by the "Pioneer" "10" and "11" spacecraft. The first truly detailed images of Jupiter's atmosphere were provided by the "Voyagers". The two spacecraft were able to image details at a resolution as low as 5 km in size in various spectra, and also able to create "approach movies" of the atmosphere in motion. The Galileo Probe, which suffered an antenna problem, saw