Acute kidney injury are glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis (ATN), and acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), respectively. Other causes of intrinsic AKI are rhabdomyolysis and tumor lysis syndrome. Certain medication classes such as calcineurin inhibitors (e.g., tacrolimus) can also directly damage the tubular cells of the kidney and result in a form of intrinsic AKI. "Postrenal" AKI refers to acute kidney injury caused by disease states downstream of the kidney and most often occurs as a consequence of urinary tract obstruction. This may be related to benign prostatic hyperplasia, kidney stones, obstructed urinary catheter, bladder stones, or cancer of the bladder, ureters, or prostate. Introduced
Artificial urinary bladder are not subject to transplant rejection, unlike transplants from human or animal donors. The current standard for repairing a damaged urinary bladder involves partial or complete replacement using tissue from the small intestine. Artificial urinary bladder The two main methods for replacing bladder function involve either redirecting urine flow or replacing the bladder "in situ". Replacement can be done with an artificial urinary bladder, an artificial organ. On January 30, 1999, scientists announced that a lab-grown bladder had been successfully transplanted into dogs. These artificial bladders worked well for almost a year in the dogs. In 2000, a new procedure