Mass (say) 1 kilogram. Then we can measure the mass of any other object in the universe by colliding it with the reference object and measuring the accelerations. Additionally, mass relates a body's momentum p to its linear velocity v: and the body's kinetic energy "K" to its velocity: The primary difficulty with Mach's definition of mass is that it fails to take into account the potential energy (or binding energy) needed to bring two masses sufficiently close to one another to perform the measurement of mass. This is most vividly demonstrated by comparing the mass of the proton in the
Constant linear velocity of CLV that is used on the Laserdisc format. The initial specification of CLV (as it applies to laserdisc) results in several playback artifacts to be present in the audio/video portion as well as compatibility problems with Laserdisc players as produced by different manufacturers. In the mid 1980s, Pioneer Electronics introduced the CAA scheme where the speed in rotation of the Laserdisc was lowered in steps and eliminated most playback artifacts and compatibility problems. Since its introduction, most manufacturers of Laserdiscs adopted the CAA format but still referred to their CAA-encoded product as CLV. Constant linear velocity In optical storage,