Scurvy observed in any organism apart from humans and had been considered an exclusively human disease. Certain birds, mammals, and fish are susceptible to scurvy, but pigeons are unaffected, since they can synthesize ascorbic acid internally. Holst and Frølich found they could cure scurvy in guinea pigs with the addition of various fresh foods and extracts. This discovery of an animal experimental model for scurvy, which was made even before the essential idea of "vitamins" in foods had been put forward, has been called the single most important piece of vitamin C research. In 1915, New Zealand troops in the Gallipoli
Vitamin D deficiency in Australia in comparison to the 25% to the controlled. In Australia, vitamin D deficiency has been recognised within particular subgroups such as age, dark skinned and veiled women. There is deficiencies in around 80%, particularly in dark skinned and or veiled populations. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency amongst dark skinner or who cover their skin for religious reasons can be directly attributed to the extremely low of sun exposure to which is the main source of vitamin D in Australia. Veiled women or individuals with dark skin pigmentation are easily vulnerable to fall into levels considered deficient in Australia. This