Abductor hallucis muscle the base of the first proximal phalanx and its related sesamoid bone. Its medial surface is superficial and covered with the muscle's fascia and the skin. Abductor hallucis is innervated by the medial plantar nerve. The nerves that supply it enter the muscle from its upper border. The deep tendon reflex of the abductor hallucis. was first described and demonstrated by Dr. M. W. Spanakos. Abductor hallucis muscle The abductor hallucis muscle is an intrinsic muscle of the foot. It participates in the abduction and flexion of the great toe. The abductor hallucis muscle is located in the medial border
External obturator muscle External obturator muscle The external obturator muscle, obturator externus muscle (; OE) is a flat, triangular muscle, which covers the outer surface of the anterior wall of the pelvis. It is sometimes considered part of the medial compartment of thigh, and sometimes considered part of the gluteal region. It arises from the margin of bone immediately around the medial side of the obturator membrane and surrounding bone, viz., from the inferior pubic ramus, and the ramus of the ischium; it also arises from the medial two-thirds of the outer surface of the obturator membrane, and from the tendinous arch which