Kidney stone disease originating anywhere in the urinary system, including the kidneys and bladder. Nephrolithiasis refers to the presence of such stones in the kidneys. Calyceal calculi are aggregations in either the minor or major calyx, parts of the kidney that pass urine into the ureter (the tube connecting the kidneys to the urinary bladder). The condition is called ureterolithiasis when a calculus is located in the ureter. Stones may also form or pass into the bladder, a condition referred to as bladder stones. Stones less than in diameter pass spontaneously in up to 98% of cases, while those measuring in diameter pass
Bladder tank open surface free of rocks or other materials that might damage the walls. A fine layer of sand or a special ground cloth is often used to minimize surface irregularities. Ground cloths are generally made from a geotextile fabric designed to minimize the chance of abrasion and tank failure. Bladder tanks are lightweight, flexible, mobile and can last for many years. The materials used to make bladder walls are recyclable and can be re-used for other purposes. Bladder tanks have capacities up to 1,000 cubic meters. Liquid stored in a flexible bladder tank does not evaporate and any odor it