Flightless bird more species of flightless birds (including the kiwi, several species of penguins, the takahe, the weka, the moa, and several other extinct species) than any other such location. One reason is that until the arrival of humans roughly a thousand years ago, there were no large land predators in New Zealand; the main predators of flightless birds were larger birds. Ratites belong to the superorder Palaeognathae birds, which include the volant tinamou, and are believed to have evolved flightlessness independently multiple times within their own group. Some birds evolved flightlessness in response to the absence of predators, for example on
Southern Hemisphere Association of Fresh Fruit Exporters Southern Hemisphere Association of Fresh Fruit Exporters The Southern Hemisphere Association of Fresh Fruit Exporters (SHAFFE) is a Trade Association which represents fresh fruit growers and exporters of the Southern Hemisphere. SHAFFE is a platform of exchange of information and cooperation which has been active since the early 1990s. The SHAFFE Presidency rotates on a bi-annual basis between members. The permanent secretariat is based in Brussels. The Southern Hemisphere fruit production amounted in 2007 close to 71 million T (FAO data) out of which 41 million T are grown in Brazil, 8 mln T are grown in Argentina, 6 mln