Electric current certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature. It was discovered by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on April 8, 1911 in Leiden. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon. It is characterized by the Meissner effect, the complete ejection of magnetic field lines from the interior of the superconductor as it transitions into the superconducting state. The occurrence of the Meissner effect indicates that superconductivity cannot be understood simply as the idealization of "perfect conductivity" in classical physics. In a semiconductor it is sometimes useful to think of the current as due to the flow
Heike Kubasch Heike Kubasch Heike A. Kubasch is a game designer who has worked primarily on role-playing games. Heike Kubasch was one of the original principles of Iron Crown Enterprises, along with Pete Fenlon, S. Coleman Charlton, Richard H. Britton, Terry K. Amthor, Bruce Shelley, Bruce Neidlinger, Kurt Fischer, and Olivia Fenlon. Kubasch wrote "" (1982), the first Middle-earth campaign supplement book published by ICE as a "Rolemaster" supplement. Kubasch later became the President of Mjolnir LLC, with Bruce Neidlinger as CEO. Kubasch and Tim Dugger authored the game "HARP: High Adventure Role Playing" (2003) for Mjolnir. Her "D&D" design work includes