Ideal gas except for the specification of these constants. The results of the quantum Boltzmann gas are used in a number of cases including the Sackur–Tetrode equation for the entropy of an ideal gas and the Saha ionization equation for a weakly ionized plasma. The classical thermodynamic properties of an ideal gas can be described by two equations of state: The ideal gas law is the equation of state for an ideal gas, given by: where The ideal gas law is an extension of experimentally discovered gas laws. It can also be derived from microscopic considerations. Real fluids at low density and
Negative and positive rights Negative and positive rights Negative and positive rights are rights that oblige either action ("positive rights") or inaction ("negative rights"). These obligations may be of either a legal or moral character. The notion of positive and negative rights may also be applied to liberty rights. To take an example involving two parties in a court of law: Adrian has a "negative right to x" against Clay if and only if Clay is "prohibited" from acting upon Adrian in some way regarding "x". In contrast, Adrian has a "positive right to x" against Clay if and only if Clay is obliged