Bladder outlet obstruction but still have normal renal architecture. This leads to a decrease in the number of nephrons, or functional units of the kidney. Malformation of kidney or bladder architecture. A dysplastic kidney is typically small for age and may contain cysts. A multicystic dysplastic kidney is an extreme example of renal dysplasia. Dilation of the renal pelvis, ureters, or both. Also called hydronephrosis. Kidneys and ureters located in incorrect position, including horseshoe kidney and ectopic ureters. Bladder outlet obstruction is classified based on where along the urinary tract the obstruction occurs, including upper urinary tract obstruction and lower urinary tract obstruction.
Bladder pipe form, and did not become merged with the bagpipe. Bladder pipe The Bladder pipe ("German": Platerspiel or Blaterpfeife) is a medieval simplified bagpipe, consisting of an insufflation tube (blow pipe), a bladder (bag) and a chanter; sounded by a double reed, which is fitted into a reed seat at the top of the chanter. The reed, inside the inflated bladder, is sounded continuously, and cannot be tongued. Some bladder pipes were made with a single drone pipe, and reproductions are similar to a loud, continuous crumhorn. The chanter has an outside tenon, at the top, near the reed, which fits