Geology of the Rocky Mountains Japan, Indonesia and the Aleutians; others are fragments of oceanic crust obducted onto the continental margin while others represent small isolated mid-oceanic islands. Magma generated above the subducting slab rose into the North American continental crust about inland. Great arc-shaped volcanic mountain ranges, known as the Sierran Arc, grew as lava and ash spewed out of dozens of individual volcanoes. Beneath the surface, great masses of molten rock were injected and hardened in place. For 270 million years, the effects of plate collisions were focused very near the edge of the North American plate boundary, far to the west of
Beneath the Shadows continue in the musical direction of "Beneath the Shadows", playing with the keyboard-driven Cathedral of Tears and then with Barnes in Tender Fury. Kuehn also did not stay with T.S.O.L. past "Beneath the Shadows", going on to other musical credits including playing with Bob Dylan. Guitarist Ron Emory and bassist Mike Roche continued on as T.S.O.L., bringing in singer Joe Wood and drummer Mitch Dean. Over the course of four more studio albums, the new T.S.O.L. lineup would take the band's style even further from punk rock, moving first in a gothic rock direction, then into hard rock and glam