Marine pollution is a primary cause of eutrophication of surface waters, in which excess nutrients, usually nitrates or phosphates, stimulate algae growth. Many potentially toxic chemicals adhere to tiny particles which are then taken up by plankton and benthic animals, most of which are either deposit feeders or filter feeders. In this way, the toxins are concentrated upward within ocean food chains. Many particles combine chemically in a manner highly depletive of oxygen, causing estuaries to become anoxic. When pesticides are incorporated into the marine ecosystem, they quickly become absorbed into marine food webs. Once in the food webs, these pesticides can
Anthropology of food of food anthropology" for his work "Sweetness and Power (1985)," which linked British demand for sugar with the creation of empire and exploitative industrial labor conditions. Research has traced the material and symbolic importance of food, as well as how they intersect. Examples of ongoing themes are food as a form of differentiation, commensality, and food's role in industrialization and globalizing labor and commodity chains. Several related and interdisciplinary academic programs exist in the US and UK (listed under Food studies institutions). Anthropology of food Anthropology of food is a sub-discipline of anthropology that connects an ethnographic and historical perspective