Fractionation of carbon isotopes in oxygenic photosynthesis Calvin cycle during the day, when stomata are closed to prevent water loss, and the light reactions can drive the necessary ATP and NADPH production. This pathway differs from C4 photosynthesis because CAM plants separate carbon by storing fixed CO in vesicles at night, then transporting it for use during the day. Thus, CAM plants temporally concentrate CO to improve Rubsico efficiency, whereas C4 plants spatially concentrate CO in bundle sheath cells. The distribution of plants which use CAM photosynthesis includes epiphytes (e.g., orchids, bromeliads) and xerophytes (e.g., succulents, cacti). In Crassulacean acid metabolism, isotopic fractionation combines the effects of
What Cha' Gonna Do for Me What Cha' Gonna Do for Me What Cha' Gonna Do for Me is the Gold certified third solo album by American R&B/funk singer Chaka Khan, released on the Warner Bros. Records label in 1981. Three singles were released from "What Cha' Gonna Do": the Beatles cover "We Can Work It Out" (US R&B #34), the McCrarys cover "Any Old Sunday" (#68) and the album's title track which became a number one hit on "Billboard" R&B Singles chart. On Billboard's charts, the album reached #3 on Black Albums, #33 on Jazz Albums, and #17 on Pop Albums. This would be Chaka's