Flux pumping power storage devices, electric power transmission, electric motors (e.g. for vehicle propulsion, as in vactrains or maglev trains), magnetic levitation devices, and fault current limiters. Flux pumping Flux pumping is a method for magnetising superconductors to fields in excess of 15 teslas. The method can be applied to any type II superconductor and exploits a fundamental property of superconductors. That is their ability to support and maintain currents on the length scale of the superconductor. Conventional magnetic materials are magnetised on a molecular scale which means that superconductors can maintain a flux density orders of magnitude bigger than conventional materials.
Magnetic flux quantum the value as one goes around the hole/loop and comes to the same starting point. If this is so, then one has magnetic flux quanta trapped in the hole/loop. Due to Meissner effect, the magnetic induction inside the superconductor is zero. More exactly, magnetic field penetrates into a superconductor over a small distance called London's magnetic field penetration depth (denoted and usually ). The screening currents also flow in this -layer near the surface, creating magnetization inside the superconductor, which perfectly compensates the applied field , thus resulting in inside the superconductor. It is important to note that the magnetic