Antibiotic use in dentistry of bacteria from advanced caries. The first line of treatment is the removal of the source of inflammation or infection by local operative measures. Generally, the abscess can be eradicated through surgical drainage alone; however this is sometimes inadequate. Therefore, systemic antibiotic treatment may be required, but only if there is evidence of spreading infection. As the bacteria involved are known, antibiotic therapy selection can be specific, based on published susceptibilities. Penicillin in the form of amoxicillin is the most common antibiotic to use. However, 3% of the patient population is allergic to penicillin, so erythromycin is often used in
Antibiotic resistance in gonorrhea the "parC" gene which encodes for the topoisomerase IV. Topoisomerase IV acts similarly to DNA gyrase and is involved in unwinding DNA for replication. Ceftriaxone and cefixime are third generation cephalosporins and are often used as treatments for "N. gonorrhoeae infections". The cephalosporins are part of a larger beta-lactam family of antibiotics. The newly discovered H041 strain of "N. gonorrhoeae", originally isolated from a commercial sex worker in Japan, was shown to be resistant to this antibiotic. The possible mechanisms of resistance to this antibiotic are as follows: Tetracyclines are a class of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis by binding