Premature atrial contraction the atrioventricular (AV) node, the signal is conducted both to the ventricle and back to the SA node where the signal began. Premature atrial contraction Premature atrial contractions (PACs), also known as atrial premature complexes (APC) or atrial premature beats (APB), are a common cardiac dysrhythmia characterized by premature heartbeats originating in the atria. While the sinoatrial node typically regulates the heartbeat during normal sinus rhythm, PACs occur when another region of the atria depolarizes before the sinoatrial node and thus triggers a premature heartbeat. The exact cause of PACs is unclear; while several predisposing conditions exist, PACs commonly occur
Lymph node stromal cell the "T cell zone". B lymphocytes (cells which help to fight certain bacteria) are located in the "B cell follicle". The primary B cell follicle matures in germinal centers. In the medulla are hematopoietic cells (which contribute to the formation of the blood) and stromal cells. Near the medulla is the hilum of lymph node. This is the place where blood vessels enter and leave the lymph node and lymphatic vessels leave the lymph node. Lymph vessels entering the node do so along the perimeter (outer surface). The lymph nodes, the spleen and Peyer's patches, are known as secondary lymphoid