Marine pollution is a primary cause of eutrophication of surface waters, in which excess nutrients, usually nitrates or phosphates, stimulate algae growth. Many potentially toxic chemicals adhere to tiny particles which are then taken up by plankton and benthic animals, most of which are either deposit feeders or filter feeders. In this way, the toxins are concentrated upward within ocean food chains. Many particles combine chemically in a manner highly depletive of oxygen, causing estuaries to become anoxic. When pesticides are incorporated into the marine ecosystem, they quickly become absorbed into marine food webs. Once in the food webs, these pesticides can
Hawaiian freshwater goby Hawaiian freshwater goby The Hawaiian freshwater goby, "Lentipes concolor" ("‘o‘opu ‘alamo‘o "or "‘o‘opu hi‘u koleis"), is a species of goby endemic to Hawaii, where it occurs in mountain streams. Males of this species can reach a standard length of , while females only reach . This species is important to the native people as a food fish. In Ancient Hawaiʻi, this species, and others such as mullet and "Kuhlia sandvicensis", were cultivated in a form of freshwater aquaponics or aquatic polyculture. In this system of farming, the taro in the upland paddies (taro being the primary staple in Ancient Hawaiʻi)