Fractionation of carbon isotopes in oxygenic photosynthesis the C3 pathway in the daytime and the C4 pathway in the nighttime. At night, when temperature and water loss are lower, the CO diffuses through the stomata and produce malate via phosphenolpyruvate carboxylase. During the following day, stomata are closed, malate is decarboxylated, and CO is fixed by RuBisCO. This process alone is similar to that of C4 plants and yields characteristic C4 fractionation values of approximately -11‰. However, in the afternoon, CAM plants may open their stomata and perform C3 photosynthesis. In daytime alone, CAM plants have approximately -28‰ fractionation, characteristic of C3 plants. These combined effects provide
Get What You Need Get What You Need Get What You Need is a 2003 studio album by an Irish power pop/punk rock band The Undertones. It is the band's first collection of new studio material since their reformation with lead singer Paul McLoone, who replaced the previous singer Feargal Sharkey which occurred in November 1999. Allmusic stated in their review that "It's almost unthinkable, really, that Derry's fabled good-time teen punks of yesteryear would record and continue... let alone that their output would be anything less than embarrassing." The website also stated that "you have everything you need for a complete escape to