Vibration modal coordinates or modal participation factors. It may be clearer to understand if formula_72 is written as: Written in this form it can be seen that the vibration at each of the degrees of freedom is just a linear sum of the mode shapes. Furthermore, how much each mode "participates" in the final vibration is defined by q, its modal participation factor. An unrestrained multi-degree of freedom system experiences both rigid-body translation and/or rotation and vibration. The existence of a rigid-body mode results in a zero natural frequency. The corresponding mode shape is called the rigid-body mode. Vibration Vibration is
Cycles of Time should plunge into. The American fiction writer Anthony Doerr in "The Boston Globe" writes "Penrose has never shied away from including mathematics in his texts, and kudos to his publisher for honoring that wish. That said, the second half of "Cycles of Time" offers some seriously hard sledding"; "If you'll forgive a skiing metaphor, "Cycles of Time" is a black diamond of a book." Cycles of Time Cycles of Time: An Extraordinary New View of the Universe is a science book by mathematical physicist Roger Penrose published by The Bodley Head in 2010. The book outlines Penrose's Conformal Cyclic Cosmology