Fertilisation the Greek composite word γυμνόσπερμος (γυμνός gymnos, "naked" and σπέρμα sperma, "seed"), meaning "naked seeds", after the unenclosed condition of their seeds (called ovules in their unfertilised state). Their naked condition stands in contrast to the seeds and ovules of flowering plants (angiosperms), which are enclosed within an ovary. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scales or leaves, often modified to form cones, or at the end of short stalks as in Ginkgo. After being fertilised, the ovary starts to swell and develop into the fruit. With multi-seeded fruits, multiple grains of pollen are necessary for syngamy with
Sub-provincial division out of Sichuan altogether. Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps also has the powers of a sub-provincial city. Chengdu is the largest sub-provincial municipality; has a population exceeding that of the independent municipality of Tianjin while, both Harbin and Chengdu have a bigger area than Tianjin. Additionally, the head of Pudong New Area of Shanghai and Binhai New Area of Tianjin, which is a county-level district, is given sub-provincial powers. The National Joint Conference of Sub-provincial City People's Congress Standing Committee Chairpersons () are attended by the chairpersons and vice-chairpersons of all sub-provincial cities. It was proposed by the Guangzhou Municipal