Atelopus petersi Atelopus petersi Atelopus petersi is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Ecuador and is known from the Cordillera Oriental in the Napo Province and more provisionally, in the Chimborazo Province. The specific name "petersi" honors James A. Peters, an American zoologist who collected the first specimens of this species in 1962 and provided a description under the name "Atelopus pachydermus". Common names Peters' stubfoot toad and Peters' jambato toad have been coined for it. Adult males measure and adult females in snout–vent length. The snout is acuminate. The tympanic membrane, annulus, and stapes are
Membrane stabilizing effect Membrane stabilizing effect Membrane stabilizing effects involve the inhibition or total abolishing of action potentials from being propagated across the membrane. This phenomenon is common in nerve tissues as they are the carrier of impulses from the periphery to the central nervous system. Membrane stabilization is the method through which local anesthetics work. They block the propagation of action potentials across nerve cells, thereby producing a nerve block. Some beta-blockers also possess what is referred to as membrane stabilizing activity (MSA). This effect is similar to the membrane stabilizing activity of sodium channel blockers that represent Class I antiarrhythmics. MSA