Flightless bird that require a significant amount of overall metabolic energy, ratites decrease their basal metabolic rate and conserve energy. A study looking at the basal rates of birds found a significant correlation between low basal rate and pectoral muscle mass in kiwis. On the contrary, flightless penguins exude an intermediate basal rate. This is likely because penguins have well-developed pectoral muscles for hunting and diving in the water. For ground feeding birds, a cursorial lifestyle is more economical and allows for easier access to dietary requirements. Flying birds have different wing and feather structures that make flying easier, while flightless birds'
Southern Hemisphere Association of Fresh Fruit Exporters of diverse projects, market analyses and initiatives to support members’ actions in these fields. SHAFFE is particularly active in consolidating information about industry and trade data of the members, coordinating the position on food safety matters and harmonization of food safety standards and certification, promotional framework to develop counter season consumption in Northern Hemisphere markets. SHAFFE unites currently representatives from all significant Southern Hemisphere countries exporting fresh fruits, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, New Zealand, Peru, South Africa and Uruguay. Southern Hemisphere Association of Fresh Fruit Exporters The Southern Hemisphere Association of Fresh Fruit Exporters (SHAFFE) is a Trade Association