Abductor hallucis muscle the base of the first proximal phalanx and its related sesamoid bone. Its medial surface is superficial and covered with the muscle's fascia and the skin. Abductor hallucis is innervated by the medial plantar nerve. The nerves that supply it enter the muscle from its upper border. The deep tendon reflex of the abductor hallucis. was first described and demonstrated by Dr. M. W. Spanakos. Abductor hallucis muscle The abductor hallucis muscle is an intrinsic muscle of the foot. It participates in the abduction and flexion of the great toe. The abductor hallucis muscle is located in the medial border
Geniohyoid muscle artery. The geniohyoid muscle is innervated by fibres from the first cervical nerve travelling alongside the hypoglossal nerve. These fibers are called ansa cervicalis. It may be blended with the one on opposite side or double; slips to greater cornu of hyoid bone and genioglossus occur. The geniohyoid muscle brings the hyoid bone forward and upwards. This dilates the upper airway, assisting respiration. During the first act of deglutition, when the mass of food is being driven from the mouth into the pharynx, the hyoid bone, and with it the tongue, is carried upward and forward by the anterior bellies