Renal artery stenosis stenosis is longstanding and severe, the glomerular filtration rate in the affected kidneys never recovers and (prerenal) kidney failure is the result. Changes include: The diagnosis of renal artery stenosis can use many techniques to determine if the condition is present, a clinical prediction rule is available to guide diagnosis. Among the diagnostic techniques are: It is initially treated with medications, including diuretics, and medications for blood pressure control. When high-grade renal artery stenosis is documented and blood pressure cannot be controlled with medication, or if renal function deteriorates, surgery may be resorted to. The most commonly used procedure is
Prostatic artery embolization sheath to be inserted into the artery. Contrast material is injected through the sheath under fluoroscopic imaging which outlines the anatomy of the blood vessels. This technique is used to help locate the prostatic artery and advance the catheter to the ostium of the prostatic artery. Polyvinyl alcohol particles are then injected into the prostatic artery. They function by causing embolization (blockage of the artery) preventing blood flow to the prostate, functionally resulting in reduced prostate size. Prostatic artery embolization Prostatic artery embolization (PAE, or prostate artery embolisation) is a developing non-surgical technique for treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).