Diaphragm (optics) 1889 "Dictionary of Photography" (see figure), but disappeared after Ernst Abbe's theory of stops unified these concepts. According to Rudolf Kingslake, the inventor of the iris diaphragm is unknown. Others credit Joseph Nicéphore Niépce for this device, around 1820. Mr. J. H. Brown, a member of the Royal Microscopical Society, appears to have invented a popular improved iris diaphragm by 1867. Kingslake has more definite histories for some other diaphragm types, such as M. Noton's adjustable "cat eye" diaphragm of two sliding squares in 1856, and the Waterhouse stops of John Waterhouse in 1858. Diaphragm (optics) In optics, a diaphragm
A Flower in a Sinful Sea addition the word sounds similar to "hua" (T: 華, S: 华, P: "huá", W: "hua"), meaning China. The title has also been translated as "Flower in a Sea of Sin", "Flower in the Sea of Retribution", "Flower in the World of Retribution", "Flower in a Sea of Karma", "Flower in the Sea of Evil" or "A Flower in an Ocean of Sin". In the earlier versions of the novel by Jin Tianhe, Sai Jinhua, a courtesan, travels to the west with her husband, a scholar. They meet Russian anarchists and the novel describes the history of the Russian anarchist movement.