Hypertensive kidney disease this situation, the kidney supplied blood by the narrowed renal artery suffers from inadequate blood flow, which in turn causes the size of the kidneys to decrease. Other consequences include arterial stiffening, which involves a gradual breakdown of elastic fibers and intima (the innermost layer of a blood vessel) thickening. An alternative mechanism of hypertensive nephropathy is prolonged glomerular hypertension and hence glomerular hyperfiltration. These can occur simultaneously but not necessarily. The idea is that hypertension results in sclerosis of the glomeruli which ultimately means reduced kidney function. As a compensatory mechanism, the unaffected nephrons (specifically, the preglomerular arterioles) vasodilate
Prostatic artery embolization sheath to be inserted into the artery. Contrast material is injected through the sheath under fluoroscopic imaging which outlines the anatomy of the blood vessels. This technique is used to help locate the prostatic artery and advance the catheter to the ostium of the prostatic artery. Polyvinyl alcohol particles are then injected into the prostatic artery. They function by causing embolization (blockage of the artery) preventing blood flow to the prostate, functionally resulting in reduced prostate size. Prostatic artery embolization Prostatic artery embolization (PAE, or prostate artery embolisation) is a developing non-surgical technique for treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).