Frequency of exceedance any peak exceeding is . Its complement, is the probability of exceedance, the probability that has been exceeded at least once by time . This probability can be useful to estimate whether an extreme event will occur during a specified time period, such as the lifespan of a structure or the duration of an operation. If is small, for example for the frequency of a rare event occurring in a short time period, then Under this assumption, the frequency of exceedance is equal to the probability of exceedance per unit time, , and the probability of exceedance can be computed
Vibration fatigue a wind driven turbine), those cycles can not be counted. Multiple time histories can be simulated for a given random process, but such procedure is cumbersome and computationally expensive. Vibration-fatigue methods offer a more effective approach, which estimates fatigue life based on moments of the PSD. This way, a value is estimated, that would otherwise be calculated with the time-domain approach. When dealing with many material nodes, experiencing different responses ("e.g." a model in a FEM package), time-histories need not be simulated. It then becomes viable, with the use of vibration-fatigue methods, to calculate fatigue life in many points on