Vibration theory of olfaction have a vibrational energy mode compatible with the difference in energies between two energy levels on the receptor, so electrons can travel through the molecule via inelastic electron tunneling, triggering the signal transduction pathway. The vibration theory is discussed in a popular but controversial book by Chandler Burr. The odor character is encoded in the ratio of activities of receptors tuned to different vibration frequencies, in the same way that color is encoded in the ratio of activities of cone cell receptors tuned to different frequencies of light. An important difference, though, is that the odorant has to be able
Cycles per instruction the number of clock cycles it takes to execute an instruction is 1/2 (CPI = 1/2 < 1). For the multi-cycle MIPS, there are five types of instructions: If a program has: then, the CPI is: formula_6 A 400-MHz processor was used to execute a benchmark program with the following instruction mix and clock cycle count: Determine the effective CPI, MIPS (Millions of instructions per second)rate, and execution time for this program. formula_7 formula_8 since: formula_9 and formula_10 formula_11 Therefore: formula_12 Cycles per instruction In computer architecture, cycles per instruction (aka clock cycles per instruction, clocks per instruction, or CPI)