Fractionation of carbon isotopes in oxygenic photosynthesis the C3 pathway in the daytime and the C4 pathway in the nighttime. At night, when temperature and water loss are lower, the CO diffuses through the stomata and produce malate via phosphenolpyruvate carboxylase. During the following day, stomata are closed, malate is decarboxylated, and CO is fixed by RuBisCO. This process alone is similar to that of C4 plants and yields characteristic C4 fractionation values of approximately -11‰. However, in the afternoon, CAM plants may open their stomata and perform C3 photosynthesis. In daytime alone, CAM plants have approximately -28‰ fractionation, characteristic of C3 plants. These combined effects provide
Need for achievement do) assess such things as "creativity" in any general sense. One has always to ask "creativity in relation to what?" So McClelland's measures, originally presented as means of assessing "personality", are best understood as means of measuring competence in ways which break radically with traditional psychometric approaches. Everybody has different goals and needs for achievement based off many factors like past experiences, education, the risks, and the feedback they will receive. Need for achievement Need for achievement (N-Ach) refers to an individual's desire for significant accomplishment, mastering of skills, control, or high standards. The term was first used by Henry