Flightless bird that require a significant amount of overall metabolic energy, ratites decrease their basal metabolic rate and conserve energy. A study looking at the basal rates of birds found a significant correlation between low basal rate and pectoral muscle mass in kiwis. On the contrary, flightless penguins exude an intermediate basal rate. This is likely because penguins have well-developed pectoral muscles for hunting and diving in the water. For ground feeding birds, a cursorial lifestyle is more economical and allows for easier access to dietary requirements. Flying birds have different wing and feather structures that make flying easier, while flightless birds'
Southern Kangaroo Island Marine Park (state waters) by the Southern Kangaroo Island Marine Park which is a marine protected area managed by the Australian government, on its southern side at the limits of state waters. As of 2016, the marine park has been classified under the IUCN system of protected area categories with the “restricted access zone” being Category Ia, the “sanctuary zone” being IUCN Category II and the “habitat protection zones” being IUCN Category IV. Southern Kangaroo Island Marine Park (state waters) Southern Kangaroo Island Marine Park is a marine protected area in the Australian state of South Australia located in state coastal waters adjoining both