Liquid helium of liquid water. Helium was first liquefied on July 10, 1908, by the Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes at the University of Leiden in the Netherlands. At that time, helium-3 was unknown because the mass spectrometer had not yet been invented. In more recent decades, liquid helium has been used as a cryogenic refrigerant, and liquid helium is produced commercially for use in superconducting magnets such as those used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Magnetoencephalography (MEG), and experiments in physics, such as low temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy. The temperature required to produce liquid helium is low because
Heike Kubasch "Monstrous Compendium Volume 1" (1989) and "Monstrous Compendium Volume 2" (1989). Heike Kubasch Heike A. Kubasch is a game designer who has worked primarily on role-playing games. Heike Kubasch was one of the original principles of Iron Crown Enterprises, along with Pete Fenlon, S. Coleman Charlton, Richard H. Britton, Terry K. Amthor, Bruce Shelley, Bruce Neidlinger, Kurt Fischer, and Olivia Fenlon. Kubasch wrote "" (1982), the first Middle-earth campaign supplement book published by ICE as a "Rolemaster" supplement. Kubasch later became the President of Mjolnir LLC, with Bruce Neidlinger as CEO. Kubasch and Tim Dugger authored the game "HARP: High