Atomic recoil Atomic recoil Atomic recoil is the result of the interaction of an atom with an energetic elementary particle, when the momentum of the interacting particle is transferred to the atom as whole without altering non-translational degrees of freedom of the atom. It is a purely quantum phenomenon. Atomic recoil was discovered by Harriet Brooks, Canada's first female nuclear physicist. If the transferred momentum of atomic recoil is enough to disrupt the crystal lattice of the material, a vacancy defect is formed; otherwise a phonon is generated. Closely related to atomic recoil is electron recoil (see photoexcitation and photoionization), and nuclear
Craig (given name) Craig (given name) Craig is a Scottish, Irish & Welsh masculine given name, all variations derive from the same Celtic branch. The name has two origins. In some cases it can originate from a nickname, derived from the Scottish Gaelic word "creag", meaning "rock," similar to Peter. In other cases, the given name originates from the Scottish surname "Craig", which is also derived from the same Scottish Gaelic word. Cognate forms of "creag" include the Irish "creig", Manx "creg", and Welsh "craig". The English word "crag" also shares an origin with these Celtic words. The given name "Craig" is popular