Bromine the United States and Israel. The element is liberated by halogen exchange, using chlorine gas to oxidise Br to Br. This is then removed with a blast of steam or air, and is then condensed and purified. Today, bromine is transported in large-capacity metal drums or lead-lined tanks that can hold hundreds of kilograms or even tonnes of bromine. The bromine industry is about one-hundredth the size of the chlorine industry. Laboratory production is unnecessary because bromine is commercially available and has a long shelf life. A wide variety of organobromine compounds are used in industry. Some are prepared from
Fluorine perchlorate and perchlorates, it needs to be handled with extreme caution. FClO is a strong oxidant and it reacts with iodide ion: FClO can also react with tetrafluoroethylene: It may be a radical addition reaction. Fluorine perchlorate Perchloryl Hypofluorite is the rarely encountered chemical compound of fluorine, chlorine, and oxygen with the chemical formula or . It is an extremely unstable gas that explodes spontaneously and has a penetrating odor. One synthesis uses fluorine and perchloric acid, though the action of ClF on water is another method. Another method of synthesis involves the thermal decomposition of tetrafluoroammonium perchlorate, , which yields