Atomic recoil Atomic recoil Atomic recoil is the result of the interaction of an atom with an energetic elementary particle, when the momentum of the interacting particle is transferred to the atom as whole without altering non-translational degrees of freedom of the atom. It is a purely quantum phenomenon. Atomic recoil was discovered by Harriet Brooks, Canada's first female nuclear physicist. If the transferred momentum of atomic recoil is enough to disrupt the crystal lattice of the material, a vacancy defect is formed; otherwise a phonon is generated. Closely related to atomic recoil is electron recoil (see photoexcitation and photoionization), and nuclear
Randall (given name) Randall (given name) Randall is a masculine given name in English and German . Its modern use as a given name originates from the transferred use of the English–language surname "Randall", which in turn is derived from "Randolph". There are several variant spellings of the English given name; these include Randal, Randel, Randell, and Randle. The pet form is "Randy". The form "Randal" has also used as an Anglicisation of an etymologically unrelated Irish and Scottish Gaelic name "Raghnall". This Anglicisation has been noted as being particularly common amongst several Irish families of note. "Randal" has not been among the