Unified field theory 1820 Hans Christian Ørsted discovered that electric currents exerted forces on magnets, while in 1831, Michael Faraday made the observation that time-varying magnetic fields could induce electric currents. Until then, electricity and magnetism had been thought of as unrelated phenomena. In 1864, Maxwell published his famous paper on a dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field. This was the first example of a theory that was able to encompass previously separate field theories (namely electricity and magnetism) to provide a unifying theory of electromagnetism. By 1905, Albert Einstein had used the constancy of the speed of light in Maxwell's theory to
Unified neutral theory of biodiversity not straight, but the slope changes from being steep at small areas, shallower at intermediate areas, and steep at the largest areas. The formula for species composition may be used to calculate the expected number of species present in a community under the assumptions of the Unified Theory. In symbols where θ is the fundamental biodiversity number. This formula specifies the expected number of species sampled in a community of size "J". The last term, formula_63, is the expected number of "new" species encountered when adding one new individual to the community. This is an increasing function of θ and