United States Fish and Wildlife Service list of threatened and endangered arthropods species may be treated as endangered or threatened if it resembles in appearance a species which has been listed and enforcement personnel would have difficulty distinguishing between the listed and the unlisted species; if the effect of this difficulty is an additional threat to the listed species; and if such treatment of the unlisted species would improve protection for the listed species. United States Fish and Wildlife Service list of threatened and endangered arthropods List of threatened and endangered arthropods, including insects, arachnids, and crustaceans under the United States Endangered Species Act as of October 2013. Key to Listing Status
Other Minds: The Octopus, the Sea, and the Deep Origins of Consciousness of the animals gather. Octopuses are, he notes, inquisitive, observant, even friendly, but the architecture of their nervous systems is entirely different from the vertebrate plan. The octopus's intelligence is distributed throughout its body: there are almost twice as many nerve cells in their eight muscular arms as in their brain. Intelligence is, Godfrey-Smith argues, predicated upon the "complex active bodies". Three groups of bilaterian animals with that kind of body plan evolved in the Cambrian period, some 500 million years ago: the arthropods (such as crabs and insects), the vertebrates, and within the molluscs, the cephalopods. Godfrey-Smith disagrees with