Soil plant atmosphere continuum Soil plant atmosphere continuum The soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) is the pathway for water moving from soil through plants to the atmosphere. Continuum in the description highlights the continuous nature of water connection through the pathway. The low water potential of the atmosphere, and relatively higher (i.e. less negative) water potential inside leaves, leads to a diffusion gradient across the stomatal pores of leaves, drawing water out of the leaves as vapour. As water vapour transpires out of the leaf, further water molecules evaporate off the surface of mesophyll cells to replace the lost molecules since water in the air inside
Alternative explanations of the "grandmother" cell in the middle layer. The middle layer is hidden and projects the coding from 80 cells to the eight output cells. These eight output cells could discriminate faces from non-faces just like grandmother cells are thought to do. Cottrell had no idea how synaptic connections should be configured in the artificial neural network. Cottrell overcame this issue by using a biologically realistic adjustment. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was initially trained with 64 images, but was eventually pushed outside the training boundary. In a training session the facial recognition was performing at 100%. When the ANN performed facial recognition testing