Organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China must be taken from a living donor (kidneys must be transplanted within 24–48 hours; livers within 12 hours, and hearts within 8 hours). Kirk C. Allison, Associate Director of the Program in Human Rights and Medicine at the University of Minnesota, wrote that the "short time frame of an on-demand system [as in China] requires a large pool of donors pre-typed for blood group and HLA matching," which is consistent with reports of Falun Gong prisoners having blood and tissue tested in custody. He wrote that China's short organ wait times could not be assured on a “random death” basis,
Base excess data. The term and concept of base excess were first introduced by Poul Astrup and Ole Siggaard-Andersen in 1958. Base excess can be estimated from the bicarbonate concentration ([HCO]) and pH by the equation: formula_1 with units of mEq/L. The same can be alternatively expressed as formula_2 Calculations are based on the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: Ultimately the end result is: Base excess beyond the reference range indicates Blood pH is determined by both a metabolic component, measured by base excess, and a respiratory component, measured by PaCO (partial pressure of carbon dioxide). Often a disturbance in one triggers a partial compensation