Origin of the domestic dog as the Tibetan people. A population genetic analysis then showed a significant convergence between humans and dogs in Tibet. Like the Tibetan people, Tibetan mastiffs appear to have derived these benefits partially from the EPAS1 gene, acquired through introgression. In 2015, a study found that when dogs and their owners interact, extended eye contact (mutual gaze) increases oxytocin levels in both the dog and its owner. As oxytocin is known for its role in maternal bonding, it is considered likely that this effect has supported the coevolution of human-dog bonding. One observer has stated, "The dog could have arisen only
Ticks of domestic animals create a potentially fatal inflammatory crisis of the blood. The name redwater (coloured urine) derives from the hemoglobinuria caused by the destruction of red blood cells infected with the merozoite stage of "Babesia"; anemia results from the same destruction. Horses suffer babesiosis or biliary fever when infected by "Ba. equi" or "B. caballi". This occurs in many countries where vector ticks are found, such as "R. e. evertsi", "Hy. truncatum", and "D. nitens". Dogs are at risk from severe infection with "Ba. canis" and its subspecies, transmitted by the dog ticks "R. sanguineus", "D. reticulatus", and "Ha. leachi". Domestic cats