Plasma medicine Plasma medicine Plasma medicine is an emerging field that combines plasma physics, life sciences and clinical medicine. It is being studied in disinfection, healing, and cancer. Most of the research is in vitro and in animal models. It uses ionized gas (physical plasma) for medical uses or dental applications . Plasma, often called the fourth state of matter, is an ionized gas containing positive ions and negative ions or electrons, but is approximately charge neutral on the whole. The plasma sources used for plasma medicine are generally low temperature plasmas, and they generate ions, chemically reactive atoms and molecules, and
Positive and negative predictive values event that the test makes a negative prediction, and the subject has a positive result under the gold standard. The ideal value of the NPV, with a perfect test, is 1 (100%), and the worst possible value would be zero. The NPV can also be computed from sensitivity, specificity, and prevalence: The complement of the NPV is the (FOR): Although sometimes used synonymously, a "negative predictive value" generally refers to what is established by control groups, while a negative post-test probability rather refers to a probability for an individual. Still, if the individual's pre-test probability of the target condition is