Transgender hormone therapy (male-to-female) rare cases of liver damage and lung disease however. Nonsteroidal antiandrogens like bicalutamide may be a particularly favorable option for transgender women who wish to preserve sex drive, sexual function, and/or fertility, relative to antiandrogens that suppress testosterone levels and can greatly disrupt these functions like cyproterone acetate and GnRH modulators. GnRH modulators are powerful antigonadotropins and hence functional antiandrogens. In both males and females, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is produced in the hypothalamus and induces the secretion of the gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland. The gonadotropins signal the gonads to make sex hormones
Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation fraternal birth order (or the underlying variable it reflects) may be the first universal factor to be identified in development of same-sex attraction in males. Bearman and Brückner (2002) argued that studies showing a fraternal birth order effect have used nonrepresentative samples and/or indirect reports on siblings' sexual orientation. Their analysis, focusing on opposite-sex twins, did not find an association "between same-sex attraction and number of older siblings, older brothers, or older sisters". A study by Francis (2008), using the same Add Health survey but with broader analysis, saw a very weak correlation of male same-sex attraction with having multiple