Ideal gas except for the specification of these constants. The results of the quantum Boltzmann gas are used in a number of cases including the Sackur–Tetrode equation for the entropy of an ideal gas and the Saha ionization equation for a weakly ionized plasma. The classical thermodynamic properties of an ideal gas can be described by two equations of state: The ideal gas law is the equation of state for an ideal gas, given by: where The ideal gas law is an extension of experimentally discovered gas laws. It can also be derived from microscopic considerations. Real fluids at low density and
Negative and positive rights very serious ethical questions need come into play before stealing could justify killing. Positive obligations confer duty. But as we see with the police officer, exercising a duty may violate negative obligations (e.g. not to overreact and kill). For this reason, in ethics positive obligations are almost never considered "prima facie". The greatest negative obligation may have just one exception—one higher obligation of self-defense—but even the greatest positive obligations generally require more complex ethical analysis. For example, one could easily justify failing to help, not just one, but a great many injured children quite ethically in the case of triage