Flux pumping power storage devices, electric power transmission, electric motors (e.g. for vehicle propulsion, as in vactrains or maglev trains), magnetic levitation devices, and fault current limiters. Flux pumping Flux pumping is a method for magnetising superconductors to fields in excess of 15 teslas. The method can be applied to any type II superconductor and exploits a fundamental property of superconductors. That is their ability to support and maintain currents on the length scale of the superconductor. Conventional magnetic materials are magnetised on a molecular scale which means that superconductors can maintain a flux density orders of magnitude bigger than conventional materials.
Flux quantum state ψ(r, t) have a probability density defined as So the probability of finding a particle in a differential volume element dr is Then the number of particles passing perpendicularly through unit area of a cross-section per unit time is the probability flux; This is sometimes referred to as the probability current or current density, or probability flux density. As a mathematical concept, flux is represented by the surface integral of a vector field, where F is a vector field, and d"A" is the vector area of the surface "A", directed as the surface normal.For the second,n is the