Heart resting heart rate is called the sinus rhythm, created and sustained by the sinoatrial node, a group of pacemaking cells found in the wall of the right atrium. Cells in the sinoatrial node do this by creating an action potential. The cardiac action potential is created by the movement of specific electrolytes into and out of the pacemaker cells. The action potential then spreads to nearby cells. When the sinoatrial cells are resting, they have a negative charge on their membranes. However a rapid influx of sodium ions causes the membrane's charge to become positive. This is called depolarisation and
Longitude of the ascending node it is not possible to tell which node is ascending and which is descending. In this case the orbital parameter which is recorded is the longitude of the node, Ω, which is the longitude of whichever node has a longitude between 0 and 180 degrees. In astrodynamics, the longitude of the ascending node can be calculated from the specific relative angular momentum vector h as follows: Here, n=<"n", "n", "n"> is a vector pointing towards the ascending node. The reference plane is assumed to be the "xy"-plane, and the origin of longitude is taken to be the positive "x"-axis. k