Tympanic membrane retraction used to manage tympanic membrane retraction, with the aims of preventing or relieving hearing loss and cholesteatoma formation. As retraction pockets may remain stable or resolve spontaneously, it may be appropriate to observe them for a period of time before considering any active treatment. The Valsalva maneuver increases middle ear pressure and can push a retracted eardrum out of the middle ear if is not adherent to middle ear structures. Hearing may improve as a result, however it can be a painful maneuver. The benefits are typically only temporary. Middle ear pressure can also be increased by Politzerization and with
Tympanic part of the temporal bone "foramen of Huschke" that opens onto the temporomandibular joint due to incomplete fusion of the anterior and posterior prominences during development. The bony portion of the ear canal is nearly 2 cm long and is directed inward and slightly forward: at the same time it forms a slight curve, so that the floor of the canal is convex upward. In sagittal section it presents an oval or elliptical shape with the long axis directed downward and slightly backward. Its anterior wall and floor and the lower part of its posterior wall are formed by the tympanic part; the roof and