Werner Heisenberg allotropic forms of hydrogen". Shortly after the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932, Heisenberg submitted the first of three papers on his neutron-proton model of the nucleus. After Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, Heisenberg was attacked in the press as a "White Jew". Supporters of "Deutsche Physik", or Aryan Physics, launched vicious attacks against leading theoretical physicists, including Arnold Sommerfeld and Heisenberg. From the early 1930s onward, the anti-Semitic and anti-theoretical physics movement "Deutsche Physik" had concerned itself with quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity. As applied in the university environment, political factors took
Euler–Heisenberg Lagrangian Euler–Heisenberg Lagrangian In physics, the Euler–Heisenberg Lagrangian describes the non-linear dynamics of electromagnetic fields in vacuum. It was first obtained by Werner Heisenberg and Hans Heinrich Euler in 1936. By treating the vacuum as a medium, it predicts rates of quantum electrodynamics (QED) light interaction processes. It takes into account vacuum polarization to one loop, and is valid for electromagnetic fields that change slowly compared to the inverse electron mass: Here m is the electron mass, e the electron charge, formula_2, and formula_3. In the weak field limit, this becomes: formula_4 It describes photon-photon scattering in QED; Robert Karplus and