Mass-to-charge ratio refers to the molecular or atomic mass number and "z" to the charge number of the ion; however, the quantity of "m"/"z" is dimensionless by definition. An ion of 100 atomic mass units ("m" = 100) carrying two charges ("z" = 2) will be observed at "m"/"z" = 50. In the 19th century, the mass-to-charge ratios of some ions were measured by electrochemical methods. In 1897, the mass-to-charge ratio of the electron was first measured by J. J. Thomson. By doing this, he showed that the electron was in fact a particle with a mass and a charge, and that
Estelle (given name) with only a peripheral profile in Sweden - a 2012 year-end tally would estimate that a total of 663 Swedish residents bore the given name Estelle - touched off a flurry of media debate with writer Herman Lindqvist, who has acted as a historical consultant to the Swedish Royal Family, expressing the extreme negative position thus: "Totally unexpected and inappropriateNo name for a future rulerEstelle sounds like the name of a nightclub queen". Conversely top Scandinavian royalty pundit Kjell Arne Totland () reacted positively, calling Estelle "a very nice name, rich in tradition yet modern". Estelle (given name) Estelle is