Rhinella lindae Rhinella lindae Rhinella lindae is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Colombia and known from its type locality, Murri in the municipality of Frontino, and from , both on the western slope of the Cordillera Occidental, Antioquia Department. The specific name "lindae" honors , an American herpetologist. However, common name Murri beaked toad has been coined for this species. The holotype, an adult female, measures , whereas the paratype male—of unknown maturity status—measures in snout–vent length. The snout is long and acuminate. In the female, tympanic annulus is present but the tympanic membrane is
Membrane technology in the fluid and membrane phases can be equated at the solution-membrane interface. This principle is more important for "dense" membranes without natural pores such as those used for reverse osmosis and in fuel cells. During the filtration process a boundary layer forms on the membrane. This concentration gradient is created by molecules which cannot pass through the membrane. The effect is referred as concentration polarization and, occurring during the filtration, leads to a reduced trans-membrane flow (flux). Concentration polarization is, in principle, reversible by cleaning the membrane which results in the initial flux being almost totally restored. Using a