Foot-pound (energy) Foot-pound (energy) The foot pound-force (symbol: ft⋅lbf or ft⋅lb) is a unit of work or energy in the Engineering and Gravitational Systems in United States customary and imperial units of measure. It is the energy transferred upon applying a force of one pound-force (lbf) through a linear displacement of one foot. The corresponding SI unit is the joule. The foot-pound is often used to specify the muzzle energy of a bullet in small arms ballistics, particularly in the United States. "Foot-pound" is also used as a unit of torque (see "pound-foot (torque)"). In the United States this unit is often
Gibbs free energy we add the qualification that it is the energy available for "non-volume" work. (An analogous, but slightly different, meaning of "free" applies in conjunction with the Helmholtz free energy, for systems at constant temperature). However, an increasing number of books and journal articles do not include the attachment "free", referring to "G" as simply "Gibbs energy". This is the result of a 1988 IUPAC meeting to set unified terminologies for the international scientific community, in which the adjective "free" was supposedly banished. This standard, however, has not yet been universally adopted. The quantity called "free energy" is a more advanced