Diaphragm (optics) 1889 "Dictionary of Photography" (see figure), but disappeared after Ernst Abbe's theory of stops unified these concepts. According to Rudolf Kingslake, the inventor of the iris diaphragm is unknown. Others credit Joseph Nicéphore Niépce for this device, around 1820. Mr. J. H. Brown, a member of the Royal Microscopical Society, appears to have invented a popular improved iris diaphragm by 1867. Kingslake has more definite histories for some other diaphragm types, such as M. Noton's adjustable "cat eye" diaphragm of two sliding squares in 1856, and the Waterhouse stops of John Waterhouse in 1858. Diaphragm (optics) In optics, a diaphragm
Diana Vreeland: The Eye Has to Travel Diana Vreeland: The Eye Has to Travel Diana Vreeland: The Eye Has to Travel is a 2011 documentary about the life and career of Diana Vreeland, a fashion legacy famous for her time at "Harper’s Bazaar" and "Vogue". The film was directed and produced by Lisa Immordino Vreeland (Diana’s granddaughter-in-law), Bent-Jorgen Perlmutt, and Frédéric Tcheng. It premiered at the 2011 Venice International Film Festival and the Telluride Film Festival. It has a total running time of 86 minutes, and can be seen with English, French, and Italian subtitles. The film features recorded audio and filmed interviews of Vreeland, as well