Ocean cold as water at greater depths. Below the thermocline, water is very cold, ranging from −1 °C to 3 °C. Because this deep and cold layer contains the bulk of ocean water, the average temperature of the world ocean is 3.9 °C. If a zone undergoes dramatic changes in salinity with depth, it contains a halocline. If a zone undergoes a strong, vertical chemistry gradient with depth, it contains a chemocline. The halocline often coincides with the thermocline, and the combination produces a pronounced pycnocline. The deepest point in the ocean is the Mariana Trench, located in the Pacific Ocean
World Ocean Review of climate and ocean research into the report. The World Ocean Review was first published in 2010 and is supposed to be redone periodically. The scientific facts in this book are supposed to be helpful to those who want to actively participate in the current discussion about climate and ocean research. This chapter gives a quick introduction into our complex climate system and the interactions between the atmosphere, cyrosphere, ocean, lithosphere and biosphere and the different factors that influence them, such as solar radiation, wind and ocean currents. This chapter explains the connections between CO uptake of the ocean, ocean