Shear flow themselves. In a shearing flow, adjacent layers of fluid move parallel to each other with different speeds. Viscous fluids resist this shearing motion. For a Newtonian fluid, the stress exerted by the fluid in resistance to the shear is proportional to the strain rate or shear rate. A simple example of a shear flow is Couette flow, in which a fluid is trapped between two large parallel plates, and one plate is moved with some relative velocity to the other. Here, the strain rate is simply the relative velocity divided by the distance between the plates. Shear flows in fluids
German resistance to Nazism of resistance in the Third Reich. In particular, debate has focused around what to define as "Widerstand" (resistance). Within both the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, the memory of "Widerstand" was harnessed after 1949 as a way of providing legitimacy to the two rival German states. In East Germany, the focus was unabashedly on celebrating the KPD, which was represented as the only anti-fascist force in Germany; non-Communist resistance was either ignored or slighted. In East Germany, historical work on the subject of "widerstand" was highly politicized and portrayed members of the KPD resistance as heroes.