Fractionation of carbon isotopes in oxygenic photosynthesis be less fractionated in C (ie, δC is relatively less negative) compared to C3 plants with low water-use efficiency. C4 plants have developed the C4 carbon fixation pathway to conserve water loss, thus are more prevalent in hot, sunny, and dry climates. These plants differ from C3 plants because the Calvin Cycle in C4 plants produces a four-carbon molecule, malate (rather than 3-phosphoglycerate), after fixation of CO. Malate, the four-carbon compound is the namesake of "C4" photosynthesis. This pathway allows C4 photosynthesis to efficiently shuttle CO to the RuBisCO enzyme and maintain high concentrations of CO within bundle sheath cells.
Liquid Liquid into the studio EP's. Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid is an American no wave and dance-punk group, originally active from 1980 to 1983. They are best known for their track "Cavern," which was covered by the Sugar Hill Records house band as the backing track for Melle Mel's old school rap classic "White Lines (Don't Do It)." The group released a series of extended plays, including the acclaimed 1983 12" EP "Optimo". In 2008, the band reformed, playing in various venues around the globe. Liquid Liquid emerged from downtown New York's no wave scene. The group's original records were pressed in