Avogadro's law "P" are taken at standard conditions for temperature and pressure (STP), then "k"'=1/"n", where "n" is Loschmidt constant. Avogadro's hypothesis (as it was known originally) was formulated in the same spirit of earlier empirical gas laws like Boyle's law (1662), Charles's law (1787) and Gay-Lussac's law (1808). The hypothesis was first published by Amadeo Avogadro in 1811, and reconciled Dalton atomic theory with the "incompatible" idea of Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac that some gases were composite of different fundamental substances (molecules) in integer proportions. In 1814, independently from Avogadro, André-Marie Ampère published the same law with similar conclusions. As Ampère was
Same-sex unions in the United States law. The federal Defense of Marriage Act in 1996, prompted by fears of an adverse result in Hawaii's lawsuit "Baehr v. Miike", defined a marriage explicitly as a union of one man and one woman for the purposes of all federal laws (See ), which was ultimately ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in "United States v. Windsor" on June 26, 2013. As a result, shortly after "Windsor" was decided, a number of federal areas ranging from veteran benefits to immigration were clarified as applying equally to same-sex couples. The movement to obtain civil marriage rights and benefits for same-sex