Insulin (medication) testing and occasionally skin biopsy. First line therapy against insulin hypersensitivity reactions include symptomatic therapy with antihistamines. The affected persons are then switched to a preparation that does not contain the specific agent they are reacting to or undergo desensitization. Insulin is an endogenous hormone, which is produced by the pancreas. The insulin protein has been highly conserved across evolutionary time, and is present in both mammals and invertebrates. The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway (IIS) has been extensively studied in species including nematode worms (e.g."C. elegans"), flies ("Drosophila melanogaster") and mice ("Mus musculus"). Its mechanisms of action are highly
Insulin lispro for postprandial glucose control. It has a shortened delay of onset, allowing slightly more flexibility than regular insulin, which requires a longer waiting period before starting a meal after injection. Both preparations should be coupled with a longer acting insulin (e.g. NPH insulin) or an insulin infusion pump for good glycemic control. Insulin lispro is an FDA approved drug used to treat people living with Type 1 diabetes or Type 2 diabetes. Insulin lispro has non-FDA labeled uses for diabetic neuropathy prevention and cardiovascular disease prevention. Common side effects include skin irritation at the site of injection, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, and