Plasma medicine Plasma medicine Plasma medicine is an emerging field that combines plasma physics, life sciences and clinical medicine. It is being studied in disinfection, healing, and cancer. Most of the research is in vitro and in animal models. It uses ionized gas (physical plasma) for medical uses or dental applications . Plasma, often called the fourth state of matter, is an ionized gas containing positive ions and negative ions or electrons, but is approximately charge neutral on the whole. The plasma sources used for plasma medicine are generally low temperature plasmas, and they generate ions, chemically reactive atoms and molecules, and
Negative and positive atheism Smith as synonyms of the less-well-known categories of implicit and explicit atheism, also relating to whether an individual holds a specific view that gods do not exist. ""Positive"" atheists explicitly assert that it is false that any deities exist. ""Negative"" atheists assert they do not believe any deities exist, but do not explicitly assert it is "true" that no deity exists. Those who do not believe any deities exist, but do not assert such non-belief, are included among "implicit atheists". Among "implicit" atheists are thus included the following: children and adults who have never heard of deities; people who have