Meadowsweet rust gall on the petioles and / or midrib veins. The rust has a severe effect on the survival of meadowsweet seedlings. Meadowsweet rust gall Triphragmium ulmariae is a species of fungus in the Sphaerophragmiaceae family. It causes meadowsweet rust gall, which develops as a chemically induced swelling, arising from the lower surface of the meadowsweet leaves. This common gall is caused by the foliar 'rust' fungus "Triphragmium ulmariae" (DC.) Link, 1825 . The fungus attacks the petioles and / or midribs of the perennial meadowsweet ("Filipendula ulmaria") plant, a member of the family Rosaceae, causing swelling and distortion. Sori develop with
Genetically modified organism if it still has the same effect on phenotype. Other strategies include attaching the gene to a strong promoter and see what happens when it is over expressed, forcing a gene to be expressed in a different location or at different developmental stages. Some genetically modified plants are purely ornamental. They are modified for lower color, fragrance, flower shape and plant architecture. The first genetically modified ornamentals commercialised altered colour. Carnations were released in 1997, with the most popular genetically modified organism, a blue rose (actually lavender or mauve) created in 2004. The roses are sold in Japan, the United