Center of mass reference point R are and If R is chosen as the center of mass these equations simplify to where "m" is the total mass of all the particles, p is the linear momentum, and L is the angular momentum The Law of Conservation of Momentum predicts that for any system not subjected to external forces the momentum of the system will remain constant, which means the center of mass will move with constant velocity. This applies for all systems with classical internal forces, including magnetic fields, electric fields, chemical reactions, and so on. More formally, this is true for any
Dot product representation of a graph called the dot product dimension. Dot product representation of a graph A dot product representation of a simple graph is a method of representing a graph using vector spaces and the dot product from linear algebra. Every graph has a dot product representation. Let "G" be a graph with vertex set "V". Let "F" be a field, and "f" a function from "V" to "F" such that "xy" is an edge of "G" if and only if "f"("x")·"f"("y") ≥ "t". This is the dot product representation of "G". The number "t" is called the dot product threshold, and the smallest