Fertilisation the Greek composite word γυμνόσπερμος (γυμνός gymnos, "naked" and σπέρμα sperma, "seed"), meaning "naked seeds", after the unenclosed condition of their seeds (called ovules in their unfertilised state). Their naked condition stands in contrast to the seeds and ovules of flowering plants (angiosperms), which are enclosed within an ovary. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scales or leaves, often modified to form cones, or at the end of short stalks as in Ginkgo. After being fertilised, the ovary starts to swell and develop into the fruit. With multi-seeded fruits, multiple grains of pollen are necessary for syngamy with
Division of Nicholls Division of Nicholls The Division of Nicholls is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria, which will be contested for the first time at the 2019 federal election. The division is named in honour of Douglas and Gladys Nicholls, in recognition of their contributions to the advocacy of Aboriginal rights. The Division of Nicholls was created in 2018 after the Australian Electoral Commission oversaw a mandatory redistribution of divisions in Victoria. Nicholls replaced the division of Murray in the same location. It is located in the north of the state, adjoining the Murray River, which forms Victoria's border