Sinoatrial node also activates a potassium channel, which allows K to flow out of the cell, making the membrane potential more negative and slowing the pacemaker potential, therefore decreasing the rate of action potential production and therefore decreasing heart rate. A decrease in heart rate is known as negative chronotropy. The first cell to produce the action potential in the SA node isn’t always the same, this is known as pacemaker shift. In certain species of animals, for example, in dogs, a superior shift (i.e. the cell that produces the fastest action potential in the SA node is higher than previously) usually
Node 4 Node 4 Node 4, also known as the Docking Hub System (DHS), is a proposed module of the International Space Station (ISS). As of 2011 NASA was considering a 40-month design and development effort for Node 4 that would result in its launch in late 2013. Node 4 would be built using the Node Structural Test Article (STA) and docked to the forward port of the Harmony module. The Structural Test Article was built to facilitate testing of ISS hardware and was intended to become Node 1. However, during construction, structural design flaws were discovered. The under-construction Node 2 was