Exhaust system Law in the United States and other countries to not have a catalytic converter. Converters may not be removed from a vehicle that is used only for "off-road" driving in the United States. The main purpose of a catalytic converter on an automobile is to reduce harmful emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere. They work by transforming the polluted exhaust components into water and carbon dioxide. Cat-back (also cat back and catback) refers to the portion of the exhaust system from the outlet of the catalytic converter to the final vent to open air. This
Vehicle-to-device attention of car users and caused a rise in the number of new apps developed specifically for the car industry. This trend has such a great influence that now manufacturers are beginning to design cars taking care of their interaction with mobile phones. For example, starting from 2017 Volvo is going to sell keyless cars, thanks to an app that makes it possible to open and start the vehicle remotely. Another sector that could coherently benefit from this technology is car sharing. Vehicle-to-device Vehicle-to-device (V2D) communication is a particular type of vehicular communication system that consists in the exchange of