Vitamin C contributing to the more severe symptoms of scurvy. More generally, the biochemical role of vitamin C is to act as an antioxidant (a reducing agent) by donating electrons to various enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. Doing so converts vitamin C to an oxidized state - either as semidehydroascorbic acid or dehydroascorbic acid. These compounds can be restored to a reduced state by glutathione and NADPH-dependent enzymatic mechanisms. In plants, vitamin C is a substrate for ascorbate peroxidase. This enzyme utilizes ascorbate to neutralize toxic hydrogen peroxide (HO) by converting it to water (HO). Scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency
Vitamin D deficiency in Australia in comparison to the 25% to the controlled. In Australia, vitamin D deficiency has been recognised within particular subgroups such as age, dark skinned and veiled women. There is deficiencies in around 80%, particularly in dark skinned and or veiled populations. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency amongst dark skinner or who cover their skin for religious reasons can be directly attributed to the extremely low of sun exposure to which is the main source of vitamin D in Australia. Veiled women or individuals with dark skin pigmentation are easily vulnerable to fall into levels considered deficient in Australia. This