Spruce broom rust of the broom. The main damage from the rust is simply overall volume and growth loss. The number of brooms as well as their proximity to the main stem can also play a role in determining the extent of the damage to the tree. "Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli" is an obligate parasite, and as with most other rust fungi diseases, spruce broom rust requires two different host plants to carry out its life cycle and is therefore referred to as heteroecious. The primary or aecial host of the rust is spruce ("Picea" spp.), and the secondary or telia host of the rust
Wheat leaf rust role in resistance breeding for cultivated crops. The earliest single resistance gene was identified as effective against yellow rust. Numerous single genes for leaf rust resistance have since been identified, the 47th genes prevent crop losses due to "Puccinia recondite" Rob. Ex Desm. f.sp. "tritici" infections, which can range from 5% to 15% depending on the stage of crop development. Leaf rust resistance gene is an effective adult-plant resistance gene that increases resistance of plants against "P. recondita" f.sp." tritici" (UVPrt2 or UVPrt13) infections, especially when combined with genes Lr13 and gene Lr34 (Kloppers & Pretorius, 1997). Lr37 originates from