Chemical ionization source, the reagent gas is present in large excess compared to the analyte. Electrons entering the source with energy around 200-500 eV will preferentially ionize the reagent gas. Then, the ion/molecule reactions produces more stable reagent ions and the resultant collisions with other reagent gas molecules will create an ionization plasma. Positive and negative ions of the analyte are formed by reactions with this plasma. The following reactions are possible with methane as the reagent gas. If ammonia is the reagent gas, For isobutane as the reagent gas, Self chemical ionization is possible if the reagent ion is an ionized
Positive and negative sets nonnegative (resp. nonpositive) everywhere on "A". Of course, if μ is a nonnegative measure, every element of Σ is a positive set for μ. In the light of Radon–Nikodym theorem, if ν is a σ-finite positive measure such that |μ| « ν, a set "A" is a positive set for μ if and only if the Radon–Nikodym derivative dμ/dν is nonnegative ν-almost everywhere on "A". Similarly, a negative set is a set where dμ/dν ≤ 0 ν-almost everywhere. It follows from the definition that every measurable subset of a positive or negative set is also positive or negative. Also, the