Fractionation of carbon isotopes in oxygenic photosynthesis values more similar to C3 plants. In contrast to terrestrial plants, where CO diffusion in air is relatively fast and typically not limiting, diffusion of dissolved CO in water is considerably slower and can often limit carbon fixation in phytoplankton. As gaseous CO is dissolved into aqueous CO, it is fractionated by both kinetic and equilibrium effects that are temperature-dependent. Relative to plants, the dissolved CO source for phytoplankton can be enriched in C by about 8‰ from atmospheric CO. Isotope fractionation of C by phytoplankton photosynthesis is affected by the diffusion of extracellular aqueous CO into the cell, the
Liquid latex The fumes from the ammonia in liquid latex can irritate the eyes when used as special effect make up on the face. For this reason it is recommended that liquid latex be allowed to vent for several minutes before being applied in this way. Appropriate liquid latex safety guidelines should be followed before the cosmetic use of liquid latex. Latex is a natural ingredient that comes from rubber trees in the form of a milky liquid. There are thousands of species of plants that produce different types of latex, including the Chicle tree that yields the raw material for producing