Rockwell scale for specialized applications. There are special scales for measuring case-hardened specimens. Rockwell scale The Rockwell scale is a hardness scale based on indentation hardness of a material. The Rockwell test determines the hardness by measuring the depth of penetration of an indenter under a large load compared to the penetration made by a preload. There are different scales, denoted by a single letter, that use different loads or indenters. The result is a dimensionless number noted as HRA, HRB, HRC, etc., where the last letter is the respective Rockwell scale (see below). When testing metals, indentation hardness correlates linearly with
Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms been developed to assess the positive and negative aspects of schizophrenia. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) is a rating scale to measure negative symptoms in schizophrenia. The scale was developed by Nancy Andreasen and was first published in 1984. SANS is split into 5 domains, and within each domain separate symptoms are rated from 0 (absent) to 5 (severe). The scale is closely linked to the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) which was published a few years later. These tools are made available for clinicians and for research purposes. Andreasen NC: Scale for