Sickle cell nephropathy Sickle cell nephropathy Sickle cell nephropathy is a type of nephropathy associated with sickle cell disease which causes kidney complications as a result of sickling of red blood cells in the small blood vessels. The hypertonic and relatively hypoxic environment of the renal medulla, coupled with the slow blood flow in the vasa recta, favors sickling of red blood cells, with resultant local infarction (papillary necrosis). Functional tubule defects in patients with sickle cell disease are likely the result of partial ischemic injury to the renal tubules. Also the sickle cell disease in young patients is characterized by renal hyperperfusion,
Blood Red Horse Blood Red Horse Blood Red Horse is a 2004 young adult historical novel by author K M Grant. The book was published in 2004 by Puffin Books and in the US in 2005 by Walker Children's. "Blood Red Horse" is the first novel in the De Granville Trilogy and was followed by the books "Green Jasper" and "Blaze of Silver". In 2006 the audiobook version of "Blood Red Horse" won an AudioFile Earphones Award and in 2007 was one of YALSA's recommended audiobooks for 2007. "Blood Red Horse" follows Will and Ellie, two young teens growing up during the time