Electrical resistivity and conductivity results in the important concept of "quasineutrality", which says the density of negative charges is approximately equal to the density of positive charges over large volumes of the plasma ("n" = <Z>"n"), but on the scale of the Debye length there can be charge imbalance. In the special case that "double layers" are formed, the charge separation can extend some tens of Debye lengths. The magnitude of the potentials and electric fields must be determined by means other than simply finding the net charge density. A common example is to assume that the electrons satisfy the Boltzmann relation: Differentiating this
Negative and positive atheism Smith as synonyms of the less-well-known categories of implicit and explicit atheism, also relating to whether an individual holds a specific view that gods do not exist. ""Positive"" atheists explicitly assert that it is false that any deities exist. ""Negative"" atheists assert they do not believe any deities exist, but do not explicitly assert it is "true" that no deity exists. Those who do not believe any deities exist, but do not assert such non-belief, are included among "implicit atheists". Among "implicit" atheists are thus included the following: children and adults who have never heard of deities; people who have