High frequency waves in this band can be reflected back to Earth by the ionosphere layer in the atmosphere – a method known as "skip" or "skywave" propagation – these frequencies are suitable for long-distance communication across intercontinental distances. The band is used by international shortwave broadcasting stations (2.31–25.82 MHz), aviation communication, government time stations, weather stations, amateur radio and citizens band services, among other uses. The dominant means of long distance communication in this band is skywave ("skip") propagation, in which radio waves directed at an angle into the sky refract back to Earth from layers of ionized atoms in the
Waves Radio annual Scottish Week celebrations. Following the success of the initial broadcasts the station returned every summer, with the introduction of additional broadcasts made over the Christmas periods in 1994 and 1995. The station ceased broadcasting in July 1996 and was unable to transmit over the festive period due to the announcement of the full-time licence. After gaining a full-time licence, Waves Radio launched on 6 December 1997, from its current studios at Blackhouse Circle. Glenn Moir is the stations news editor, responsible for producing the daily local news bulletins. These are broadcast at 8.30am, 12.30pm and 5.30pm Monday - Friday.