Leiden University at the university. The learning and reputation of Jacobus Gronovius, Herman Boerhaave, Tiberius Hemsterhuis and David Ruhnken, among others, enabled Leiden to maintain its reputation for excellence down to the end of the 18th century. At the end of the nineteenth century, Leiden University again became one of Europe's leading universities. At the world’s first university low-temperature laboratory, professor Heike Kamerlingh Onnes achieved temperatures of only one degree above absolute zero of −273 degrees Celsius. In 1908 he was also the first to succeed in liquifying helium and can be credited with the discovery of the superconductivity in metals. The
Heike Erkers of employers performing salary surveys (lönekartläggning) on a regular basis. Another issue is child poverty. She is also a member of the Executive Committee of the European Federation of Public Service Unions (EPSU) Heike Erkers Heike Erkers is the Chair of the Swedish labour union Akademikerförbundet SSR (in English 'The Union for Professionals'). She is currently off duty from her regular employment as a head of department at the Swedish Public Employment Service (in Swedish 'Arbetsförmedlingen'). Heike Erkers started being in enganged in labour union issues in the 1990s. In 2003 she was elected member of the board of Akademikerförbundet