Kidney development caudally (downward) and connect with the bladder, thereby forming the ureters. The ureters will carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder for excretion from the fetus into the amniotic sac. As the fetus develops, the torso elongates and the kidneys rotate and migrate upwards within the abdomen which causes the length of the ureters to increase. Kidney development Kidney development, or nephrogenesis, describes the embryologic origins of the kidney, a major organ in the urinary system. This article covers a 3 part developmental process that is observed in most reptiles, birds and mammals, including humans. Nephrogenesis is often considered
Underactive bladder Underactive bladder Underactive bladder syndrome (UAB) describes symptoms of difficulty with bladder emptying, such as hesitancy to start the stream, a poor or intermittent stream, or sensations of incomplete bladder emptying. The physical finding of detrusor pressurization of insufficient strength or duration to ensure timely and efficient bladder emptying is properly termed "detrusor underactivity" (DU) (Abrams et al., 2002). Historically, UAB and DU (as well as others such as 'bladder underactivity') have been often used interchangeably (Rigby D, 2005), leading to both terminologic and pathophysiologic confusion. Patients with UAB have a diminished sense of bladder filling and consequently are often