Charge radius are used to determine the recommended values. The 2014 CODATA recommended values are: Recent measurement of the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen (an exotic atom consisting of a proton and a negative muon) indicates a significantly lower value for the proton charge radius, : the reason for this discrepancy is not clear. Charge radius The rms charge radius is a measure of the size of an atomic nucleus, particularly of a proton or a deuteron. It can be measured by the scattering of electrons by the nucleus and also inferred from the effects of finite nuclear size on electron energy
Mass-to-charge ratio a scalar property, meaning that it can be either positive (+) or negative (−). The Coulomb (C) is the SI unit of charge; however, other units can be used, such as expressing charge in terms of the elementary charge (e). The SI unit of the physical quantity "m"/"Q" is kilogram per coulomb. The units and notation above are used when dealing with the physics of mass spectrometry; however, the "m"/"z" notation is used for the independent variable in a mass spectrum. This notation eases data interpretation since it is numerically more related to the unified atomic mass unit. The "m"