Work (thermodynamics) of the energy went out as heat, and how much as work. This can be summarized by saying that heat and work are not state functions of the system. This is in contrast to classical mechanics, where net work exerted by a particle is a state function. Pressure–volume work (or "PV" work) occurs when the volume of a system changes. "PV" work is often measured in units of litre-atmospheres where = . However, the litre-atmosphere is not a recognised unit in the SI system of units, which measures P in Pascal (Pa), V in m, and PV in Joule (J),
History of UNIT alien threats, and Sarah Jane is concerned that UNIT would treat her son Luke as a test subject with no regard for his human rights should they discover him. UNIT returned in the 2009 Easter special "Planet of the Dead" investigating the disappearance of the 200 bus. Captain Erisa Magambo makes a reappearance from her last in "Turn Left" as the commander of UNIT, aided by the new scientific adviser Malcolm Taylor. They appeared again during "Death of the Doctor" which introduced a UNIT Base at Mount Snowdon. In 2012, after a 3-year absence, UNIT returned to "Doctor Who" in