Phrynopus AmphibiaWeb keeps "Noblella" in Strabomantidae/Strabomantinae, a family/subfamily no longer recognized by the Amphibian Species of the World. "Phrynopus" are small to medium-sized frogs, from snout–vent length in "Phrynopus auriculatus" to in "Phrynopus kauneorum". Head is narrower than the body. Differentiated tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus are usually absent, except in "Phrynopus auriculatus" and "Phrynopus peruanus", two basal species. Dorsum is smooth to pustulate. Venter is smooth or areolate. There are 26 species in this genus: Phrynopus Phrynopus is a genus of frogs of the Craugastoridae family. Their common name is Andes frogs. They are endemic to Peru and inhabit the
Cell membrane concentration in order to equilibrate the membrane. It is considered a passive transport process because it does not require energy and is propelled by the concentration gradient created by each side of the membrane. Such a concentration gradient across a semipermeable membrane sets up an osmotic flow for the water. Osmosis, in biological systems involves a solvent, moving through a semipermeable membrane similarly to passive diffusion as the solvent still moves with the concentration gradient and requires no energy. While water is the most common solvent in cell, it can also be other liquids as well as supercritical liquids and