Artificial cell for disease transmission, artificial red blood cells are desired because they eliminate drawbacks associated with allogenic blood transfusions such as blood typing, immune reactions and its short storage life of 42 days. A hemoglobin substitute may be stored at room temperature and not under refrigeration for more than a year. Attempts have been made to develop a complete working red blood cell which comprises carbonic not only an oxygen carrier but also the enzymes associated with the cell. The first attempt was made in 1957 by replacing the red blood cell membrane by an ultrathin polymeric membrane which was followed
The Blood Cell The Blood Cell The Blood Cell is a BBC Books original novel written by James Goss and based on the long-running British science fiction television series "Doctor Who". It features the Twelfth Doctor and Clara Oswald. The book was released on 11 September 2014 along with "Silhouette" and "The Crawling Terror". "The Blood Cell" gained generally positive reviews, calling it an "effective chiller". Most of them commented the unusual way of narration from the first-person perspective of the administrator of the prison in which the book is set known as the Governor. More grim and darker tone is also noted.