Vascular myelopathy later in this article. However, TIAs can result from emboli in calcific aortic disease and aortic coarctation. Spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs, or angiomatous malformations) are congenital (from birth) abnormalities of blood vessels. Arteries that directly communicate with veins bypass the capillary network (which has not yet developed) and thus creates a shunt. AVMs appear as a mass of convoluted, dilated vessels. In regards to the spinal cord, they are usually located in the thoracolumbar region (between the thoracic and lumbar regions, 60% of the time), as opposed to the upper thoracic (20%) and cervical regions (approximately 15%). Cervical malformations arise
Great arteries of the aortic arch. The 5th pair of vessels only form in some cases without any known contribution to the final structure of the great arteries. The right 6th almost completely regresses with only the proximal part contributing to the base of the pulmonary arteries, while the left 6th forms the ductus arteriosus, which disappears after birth. Abnormalities in the development of the great arteries during embryonic development may lead to congenital cardiovascular defects, such as: Some of these defects can be asymptomatic and cause no complications in patients, with others being more severe and require immediate surgery right after