Sugar Nutrition UK and water was 'as good as a glucose and water' at maintaining liver glycogen stores during prolonged exercise. Sugar Nutrition UK Sugar Nutrition UK formerly the British Sugar Bureau was a lobby group for the British sugar industry. Dr Alison Boyd is the director of the organisation. She says, in reply to proposals to tax sugar that "Singling out sugar may seem a simple, quick fix solution but risks ignoring many other factors that can contribute to lifestyle diseases.” According to the organisation "Sugar consumption in the UK has declined whilst obesity and diabetes rates have increased". It funded a
Glycogen synthase protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which activates glycogen synthase via dephosphorylation. PP1 is targeted to the glycogen pellet by four targeting subunits, G, G, PTG and R6. These regulatory enzymes are regulated by insulin and glucagon signaling pathways. Mutations in the "GYS1" gene are associated with glycogen storage disease type 0. In humans, defects in the tight control of glucose uptake and utilization are also associated with diabetes and hyperglycemia. Patients with type 2 diabetes normally exhibit low glycogen storage levels because of impairments in insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis and suppression of glycogenolysis. Insulin stimulates glycogen synthase by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinases