Neurovascular bundle fluid and blood, they tend to have large surface area and short diffusion path. Normally, capillaries consist of a central lumen lined with an endothelium, a single layer of smooth epithelial cells. In contrast, deep neurovascular bundles, with arteries in them, have a more complicated composition. Arteries are the vessels that transfer the blood pumped by the heart to the entire body. Arteries have high intraluminal blood pressure, relative to capillaries and veins. To compensate arteries have a smooth muscle and a connective tissue structure outside the endothelium. This composition allows arteries to contract/relax, be flexible under pressure, and transfer
Headache pain receptors and can thus sense pain. These include the extracranial arteries, middle meningeal artery, large veins, venous sinuses, cranial and spinal nerves, head and neck muscles, the meninges, falx cerebri, parts of the brainstem, eyes, ears, teeth and lining of the mouth. Pial arteries, rather than pial veins are responsible for pain production. Headaches often result from traction to or irritation of the meninges and blood vessels. The nociceptors may be stimulated by head trauma or tumors and cause headaches. Blood vessel spasms, dilated blood vessels, inflammation or infection of meninges and muscular tension can also stimulate nociceptors and