Arctic Ocean Fram Strait, cooling and sinking to form the deepest layer of the halocline, where it circles the Arctic Basin counter-clockwise. This is the highest volumetric inflow to the Arctic Ocean, equalling about 10 times that of the Pacific inflow, and it creates the Arctic Ocean Boundary Current. It flows slowly, at about 0.02 m/s. Atlantic Water has the same salinity as Arctic Bottom Water but is much warmer (up to 3 °C). In fact, this water mass is actually warmer than the surface water, and remains submerged only due to the role of salinity in density. When water reaches the
World Ocean Review of climate and ocean research into the report. The World Ocean Review was first published in 2010 and is supposed to be redone periodically. The scientific facts in this book are supposed to be helpful to those who want to actively participate in the current discussion about climate and ocean research. This chapter gives a quick introduction into our complex climate system and the interactions between the atmosphere, cyrosphere, ocean, lithosphere and biosphere and the different factors that influence them, such as solar radiation, wind and ocean currents. This chapter explains the connections between CO uptake of the ocean, ocean