Wave–particle duality operation of chemical reactions. Electricity, first thought to be a fluid, was now understood to consist of particles called electrons. This was first demonstrated by J. J. Thomson in 1897 when, using a cathode ray tube, he found that an electrical charge would travel across a vacuum. Since the vacuum offered no medium for an electric fluid to travel, this discovery could only be explained via a particle carrying a negative charge and moving through the vacuum. This electron flew in the face of classical electrodynamics, which had successfully treated electricity as a fluid for many years (leading to the
Ida (given name) Ida (given name) Ida is a given name occurring independently in several cultures. In Germany, Ida is a female name derived from a Germanic word "id", meaning "labor, work". Alternately, it may be related to the name of the Old Norse goddess "Iðunn". Ida also occurs as an anglicisation of the Irish girl's given name Íde. Ida is a currently popular name in the Nordic countries and is among the top 10 names given to girls born in 2013 in Denmark. It was among the top 20 names for newborn girls in Norway in 2013 and among the top 50