Flux pumping Flux pumping Flux pumping is a method for magnetising superconductors to fields in excess of 15 teslas. The method can be applied to any type II superconductor and exploits a fundamental property of superconductors. That is their ability to support and maintain currents on the length scale of the superconductor. Conventional magnetic materials are magnetised on a molecular scale which means that superconductors can maintain a flux density orders of magnitude bigger than conventional materials. Flux pumping is especially significant when one bears in mind that all other methods of magnetising superconductors require application of a magnetic flux density at
Magnetic tension force as the divergence of the Maxwell tensor: which gives the electromagnetic force density in terms of Maxwell stress tensor, formula_24, and the Poynting vector, formula_25. Now, the magnetic tension is implicitly included inside formula_24. The implication of the above relation is the conservation of momentum. Here, formula_27 is the momentum flux density and plays a role similar to formula_28 in Poynting's theorem. Magnetic tension force The magnetic tension force is a restoring force (SI unit: Pa·m) that acts to straighten bent magnetic field lines. It equals: It is analogous to rubber bands and their restoring force. The force is directed