Exhaust system Law in the United States and other countries to not have a catalytic converter. Converters may not be removed from a vehicle that is used only for "off-road" driving in the United States. The main purpose of a catalytic converter on an automobile is to reduce harmful emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere. They work by transforming the polluted exhaust components into water and carbon dioxide. Cat-back (also cat back and catback) refers to the portion of the exhaust system from the outlet of the catalytic converter to the final vent to open air. This
Vehicle-to-device Vehicle-to-device Vehicle-to-device (V2D) communication is a particular type of vehicular communication system that consists in the exchange of information between a vehicle and any electronic device that may be connected to the vehicle itself. The ever-increasing tendency of developing mobile applications for our everyday use has ultimately entered also the automotive sector. Vehicle connectivity with mobile apps have the great potential to offer a better driving experience, by providing information regarding the surrounding vehicles and infrastructure and making the interaction between the car and its driver much simpler. The fact that apps may significantly improve driving safety has attracted the