Fractionation of carbon isotopes in oxygenic photosynthesis be less fractionated in C (ie, δC is relatively less negative) compared to C3 plants with low water-use efficiency. C4 plants have developed the C4 carbon fixation pathway to conserve water loss, thus are more prevalent in hot, sunny, and dry climates. These plants differ from C3 plants because the Calvin Cycle in C4 plants produces a four-carbon molecule, malate (rather than 3-phosphoglycerate), after fixation of CO. Malate, the four-carbon compound is the namesake of "C4" photosynthesis. This pathway allows C4 photosynthesis to efficiently shuttle CO to the RuBisCO enzyme and maintain high concentrations of CO within bundle sheath cells.
What Cha' Gonna Do for Me What Cha' Gonna Do for Me What Cha' Gonna Do for Me is the Gold certified third solo album by American R&B/funk singer Chaka Khan, released on the Warner Bros. Records label in 1981. Three singles were released from "What Cha' Gonna Do": the Beatles cover "We Can Work It Out" (US R&B #34), the McCrarys cover "Any Old Sunday" (#68) and the album's title track which became a number one hit on "Billboard" R&B Singles chart. On Billboard's charts, the album reached #3 on Black Albums, #33 on Jazz Albums, and #17 on Pop Albums. This would be Chaka's