Work of breathing When there is increased gas flow resistance, the optimal respiratory rate decreases. This work (generally during the inhalation phase) is stored as potential energy which is recovered during exhalation. A pressure difference is required to overcome the frictional resistance to gas flow due to viscosity, and to provide non-elastic components of movement of the airway tissues to accommodate pulmonary volume change. Total work done against non elastic forces is 35% of total. Work is defined as a force applied over a distance. The SI unit of work is the Joule, equivalent to a force of 1 Newton exerted along a
Socialism: Utopian and Scientific Socialism: Utopian and Scientific Socialism: Utopian and Scientific is a short book first published in 1880 by German-born socialist Friedrich Engels. The work was primarily extracted from a longer polemic work published in 1876, "Anti-Dühring." It first appeared in the French language. The title "Socialism: Utopian and Scientific" was adopted for the first English edition in — the tenth language in which the book appeared. Intended as a popularization of Marxist ideas for a working class readership, the book was one of the fundamental publications of the international socialist movement during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, selling tens