Hemoglobin failure, or abnormal hemoglobin (such as that of sickle-cell disease). The ability of each hemoglobin molecule to carry oxygen is normally modified by altered blood pH or CO, causing an altered oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve. However, it can also be pathologically altered in, e.g., carbon monoxide poisoning. Decrease of hemoglobin, with or without an absolute decrease of red blood cells, leads to symptoms of anemia. Anemia has many different causes, although iron deficiency and its resultant iron deficiency anemia are the most common causes in the Western world. As absence of iron decreases heme synthesis, red blood cells in iron deficiency
Hemoglobin D-Punjab have increased risk of having Hemoglobin D Disease, Hemoglobin SD disease or Beta-thalassemia Disease. Even homozygous Hemoglobin D disease does not typically cause clinically significant symptoms. Occasionally it can cause mild haemolytic anaemia and mild splenomegaly. The anemia usually occurs in the first few months of life, as fetal hemoglobin decreases and hemoglobin D increases. Hb D-Punjab becomes significant when it is co-inherited with Hb S or B thalassemia. 1. Tyagi S, Marwaha N, Parmar V, Basu S. Sickle cell hemoglobin-D Punjab disease (Compound Heterozygous state). Ind J Hematol Blood Transf 2000;18:31-2. 2. 3. http://www.idph.state.il.us/HealthWellness/fs/hemoglobin_d.htm 4. http://health.utah.gov/newbornscreening/Disorders/HB/Hb_D_Disease_DD/FactSheet_Provider_HbDD_En.pdf 5. www.chime.ucl.ac.uk/APoGI/data/rtf/hb/carriers/b/dp/carbook.rtf Hemoglobin