Velocity quantity, momentum, is a vector and defined by In special relativity, the dimensionless Lorentz factor appears frequently, and is given by where γ is the Lorentz factor and "c" is the speed of light. Escape velocity is the minimum speed a ballistic object needs to escape from a massive body such as Earth. It represents the kinetic energy that, when added to the object's gravitational potential energy, (which is always negative) is equal to zero. The general formula for the escape velocity of an object at a distance "r" from the center of a planet with mass "M" is where
Angular velocity which shows a connection with the Lie group of rotations. We prove that angular velocity tensor is skew symmetric, i.e. formula_63 satisfies formula_64. A rotation matrix "A" is orthogonal, inverse to its transpose, so we have formula_65. For formula_66 a frame matrix, taking the time derivative of the equation gives: Applying the formula formula_68, Thus, "W" is the negative of its transpose, which implies it is skew symmetric. At any instant formula_70, the angular velocity tensor represents a linear map between the position vector formula_71 and the velocity vectors formula_72 of a point on a rigid body rotating around the