Motor unit plasticity is currently incorporated into many professional and collegiate training regiments. Motor unit plasticity can be measured in many ways, the most important of which being neural firing frequency, EMG amplitude, muscle force output, pre-synaptic inhibition, and synchronization. Firing frequency is defined as the number of neuronal signals sent per second on one motoneuron. This frequency is measured in Hertz. Maximum firing frequency in humans typically ranges from 100–200 Hz. Studies incorporating electromyography have proven that adaptation mechanisms occurring as a result of resistance training can drastically increase the maximal firing frequency of a motoneuron. Firing frequency has been shown to
Per-unit system use the nominal voltage 138 kV as the base voltage formula_23. We then have: If, for example, the actual voltage at one of the buses is measured to be 136 kV, we have: The following tabulation of per-unit system formulas is adapted from Beeman's "Industrial Power Systems Handbook". It can be shown that voltages, currents, and impedances in a per-unit system will have the same values whether they are referred to primary or secondary of a transformer. For instance, for voltage, we can prove that the per unit voltages of two sides of the transformer, side 1 and side 2,