Meadowsweet rust gall on the petioles and / or midrib veins. The rust has a severe effect on the survival of meadowsweet seedlings. Meadowsweet rust gall Triphragmium ulmariae is a species of fungus in the Sphaerophragmiaceae family. It causes meadowsweet rust gall, which develops as a chemically induced swelling, arising from the lower surface of the meadowsweet leaves. This common gall is caused by the foliar 'rust' fungus "Triphragmium ulmariae" (DC.) Link, 1825 . The fungus attacks the petioles and / or midribs of the perennial meadowsweet ("Filipendula ulmaria") plant, a member of the family Rosaceae, causing swelling and distortion. Sori develop with
Wheat leaf rust role in resistance breeding for cultivated crops. The earliest single resistance gene was identified as effective against yellow rust. Numerous single genes for leaf rust resistance have since been identified, the 47th genes prevent crop losses due to "Puccinia recondite" Rob. Ex Desm. f.sp. "tritici" infections, which can range from 5% to 15% depending on the stage of crop development. Leaf rust resistance gene is an effective adult-plant resistance gene that increases resistance of plants against "P. recondita" f.sp." tritici" (UVPrt2 or UVPrt13) infections, especially when combined with genes Lr13 and gene Lr34 (Kloppers & Pretorius, 1997). Lr37 originates from