Plant cell the major classes of cells and tissues of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and reproductive structures, each of which may be composed of several cell types. Parenchyma cells are living cells that have functions ranging from storage and support to photosynthesis (mesophyll cells) and phloem loading (transfer cells). Apart from the xylem and phloem in their vascular bundles, leaves are composed mainly of parenchyma cells. Some parenchyma cells, as in the epidermis, are specialized for light penetration and focusing or regulation of gas exchange, but others are among the least specialized cells in plant tissue, and may remain totipotent, capable of
Morphological symptoms of plant diseases decreased production of the number of cells. Hypoplasia results in plants or plant parts of sub-normal size. Atrophy is the reduction in the size of plant cells produced. This also results in stunted plants or plant parts. Dwarfing is the failure of a plant or a plant part to attain its full size. Rosetting is a condition where the internode of a plant do not elongate, and hence, the leaves appear close together in a cluster. Hyperplasia is the enlargement of a plant tissue due to excessive increase in the number of plant cells produced. Hyperplasia results in overdevelopment in