Physics and Beyond Physics and Beyond Physics and Beyond () is a book by Werner Heisenberg, the German physicist who discovered the uncertainty principle. It tells, from his point of view, the history of exploring atomic science and quantum mechanics in the first half of the 20th century. As the subtitle "Encounters and Conversations" suggests, the core part of this book takes the form of discussions between himself and other scientists. Heisenberg says: "I wanted to show that science is done by people, and the most wonderful ideas come from dialog". With chapters like "The first encounter with the science about atoms", "Quantum
Heisenberg group bracket. This Lie algebra is a one-dimensional central extension of the commutative Lie algebra formula_57, isomorphic to the Lie algebra of the Heisenberg group. The general abstraction of a Heisenberg group is constructed from any symplectic vector space. For example, let ("V",ω) be a finite-dimensional real symplectic vector space (so ω is a nondegenerate skew symmetric bilinear form on "V"). The Heisenberg group H("V") on ("V",ω) (or simply "V" for brevity) is the set "V"×R endowed with the group law The Heisenberg group is a central extension of the additive group "V". Thus there is an exact sequence Any symplectic