Work (thermodynamics) of the energy went out as heat, and how much as work. This can be summarized by saying that heat and work are not state functions of the system. This is in contrast to classical mechanics, where net work exerted by a particle is a state function. Pressure–volume work (or "PV" work) occurs when the volume of a system changes. "PV" work is often measured in units of litre-atmospheres where = . However, the litre-atmosphere is not a recognised unit in the SI system of units, which measures P in Pascal (Pa), V in m, and PV in Joule (J),
CAP Scientific team, working with both surface and submarine fleets, and a Land Air Systems business also took research and development contracts and was prime contractor for the British Army's Brigade and Battlegroup Trainer (BBGT). The non-defence scientific sector was addressed by setting a Scientific Systems business with expertise in energy generation and conservation. In that year, CAP Scientific established the Centre for Operational Research and Defence Analysis (CORDA) as an independent unit to provide impartial assistance for investment appraisal. At that time military computer systems were purpose-built by major contractors, and CAP Scientific's strategy was to form joint ventures with companies