Fractionation of carbon isotopes in oxygenic photosynthesis be less fractionated in C (ie, δC is relatively less negative) compared to C3 plants with low water-use efficiency. C4 plants have developed the C4 carbon fixation pathway to conserve water loss, thus are more prevalent in hot, sunny, and dry climates. These plants differ from C3 plants because the Calvin Cycle in C4 plants produces a four-carbon molecule, malate (rather than 3-phosphoglycerate), after fixation of CO. Malate, the four-carbon compound is the namesake of "C4" photosynthesis. This pathway allows C4 photosynthesis to efficiently shuttle CO to the RuBisCO enzyme and maintain high concentrations of CO within bundle sheath cells.
Do What You Gotta Do Do What You Gotta Do "Do What You Gotta Do" is a song written by guitarist Pat Flynn and recorded by the New Grass Revival for their 1989 Capitol album "Friday Night in America". The song was also recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in January 2000 as fifth and final single from the 1997 album, "Sevens". The song reached number 13 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 18 on the Canadian "RPM" Country Tracks chart. The song was issued over two years