Amedeo Avogadro Amedeo Avogadro Amedeo Carlo Avogadro, () Count of Quaregna and Cerreto (9 August 17769 July 1856), was an Italian scientist, most noted for his contribution to molecular theory now known as Avogadro's law, which states that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure will contain equal numbers of molecules. In tribute to him, the number of elementary entities (atoms, molecules, ions or other particles) in 1 mole of a substance, , is known as the Avogadro constant, one of the seven SI base units and represented by "N". Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro was born
Kinetic theory of gases "K": This is a first non-trivial result of the kinetic theory because it relates pressure, a macroscopic property, to the (translational) kinetic energy of the molecules formula_12, which is a microscopic property. Rewriting the above result for the pressure as formula_13, we may combine it with the ideal gas law where formula_14 is the Boltzmann constant and formula_15 the absolute temperature defined by the ideal gas law, to obtain which leads to simplified expression of the average kinetic energy per molecule, The kinetic energy of the system is N times that of a molecule, namely formula_18. Then the temperature formula_15