20th century in science biologically relevant molecules, they were, till the end of the 20th century, more a collection of rules, observations, and recipes than rigorous ab initio quantitative methods. This heuristic approach triumphed in 1953 when James Watson and Francis Crick deduced the double helical structure of DNA by constructing models constrained by and informed by the knowledge of the chemistry of the constituent parts and the X-ray diffraction patterns obtained by Rosalind Franklin. This discovery lead to an explosion of research into the biochemistry of life. In the same year, the Miller–Urey experiment demonstrated that basic constituents of protein, simple amino acids,
Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid autobiographical account of the discovery of the double-helical, molecular structure of DNA called "The Double Helix", which was not publicly accepted either by Crick or Wilkins. Furthermore, Erwin Chargaff also printed a rather "unsympathetic review" of Watson's book in the March 29, 1968 issue of "Science". In the book, Watson stated among other things that he and Crick had access to some of Franklin's data from a source that she was not aware of, and also that he had seen—without her permission—the B-DNA X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by Franklin and Gosling in May 1952 at King's in London. In particular,