Fuel cell of pollution (other than ) for every 1,000 kW·h produced, compared to 25 pounds of pollutants generated by conventional combustion systems. Fuel Cells also produce 97% less nitrogen oxide emissions than conventional coal-fired power plants. One such pilot program is operating on Stuart Island in Washington State. There the Stuart Island Energy Initiative has built a complete, closed-loop system: Solar panels power an electrolyzer, which makes hydrogen. The hydrogen is stored in a tank at , and runs a ReliOn fuel cell to provide full electric back-up to the off-the-grid residence. Another closed system loop was unveiled in late 2011
Interlanguage fossilization does motivation to achieve native-like competence diminish? The concept of fossilization in SLA research is so intrinsically related to interlanguage that Selinker considers it to be a fundamental phenomenon of all SLA and not just to adult learners. Fossilization has received such wide recognition that it has been entered in the "Random House Dictionary of the English Language" (1987). Selinker's concept of fossilization is similar to that of Nemser, Tarone, and Sridhar, all of whom attempted to explore the causes of fossilization in second language learners' interlanguage. Fossilization has attracted considerable interest among researchers and has engendered significant differences of