Nobel Prize in Chemistry to be recognized. Some important scientific discoveries are never considered for a Prize, as the discoverers may have died by the time the impact of their work is realized. For example, the contributions of Rosalind Franklin in discovering the structure of DNA: her x-ray crystallography citing the shape of DNA as a helix, were not realized until after her death, and the recipients of the prize were Watson, Crick, and Wilkins. A Chemistry Nobel Prize laureate earns a gold medal, a diploma bearing a citation, and a sum of money. The Nobel Prize medals, minted by Myntverket in Sweden and
Nobel Prize in Literature the Swedish Academy at the time, and unknown outside their home country. Bellow received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1976; neither Greene nor Nabokov was awarded it. Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges was nominated for the Prize several times but, as Edwin Williamson, Borges's biographer, states, the Academy did not award it to him, most likely because of his support of certain Argentine and Chilean right-wing military dictators, including Augusto Pinochet, which, according to Tóibín's review of Williamson's "Borges: A Life", had complex social and personal contexts. Borges' failure to receive the Nobel Prize for his support of these