Grand Coulee Dam crane-lifted buckets, each supporting eight tons of concrete. To cool the concrete and facilitate curing, about of piping was placed throughout the hardening mass. Cold water from the river was pumped into the pipes, reducing the temperature within the forms from to . This caused the dam to contract about eight inches in length; the resulting gaps were filled with grout. Until the project began, the stretch of the Columbia River where the dam was to rise was as yet unbridged, making it difficult to move men and materials. In , the Grand Coulee Bridge (a permanent highway bridge) was
Etzikom Coulee of at its origin east of Stirling Lake (to which it is connected by the Sluice Gate Channel) to an elevation of at its mouth at Pakowki Lake, over a length of more than . The coulee builds a canyon up to deep. Etzikom Coulee Etzikom Coulee is a coulee located in Southern Alberta, Canada. The waterway was formed as a glacial spillway channel at the end of the last ice age. The Etzikom Coulee begins northeast of the town of Stirling, and makes its way southeast of the Hamlet of Wrentham, after that it passes by the Hamlet of