Transistor and is ubiquitous in modern electronic systems. Julius Edgar Lilienfeld patented a field-effect transistor in 1926 but it was not possible to actually construct a working device at that time. The first practically implemented device was a point-contact transistor invented in 1947 by American physicists John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley. The transistor revolutionized the field of electronics, and paved the way for smaller and cheaper radios, calculators, and computers, among other things. The transistor is on the list of IEEE milestones in electronics, and Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their achievement.
Heineken Prizes the Dr A. H. Heineken Prize for Art. The Heineken Prizes are awarded in a Special Session of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, which takes place every even year at the Beurs van Berlage in Amsterdam. In 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012 the Prizes were presented by HRH the Prince of Orange. The following winners of the Heineken Prizes for Medicine and Biochemistry and Biophysics have since won a Nobel Prize: Heineken Prizes The Heineken Prizes for Arts and Sciences consist of eleven awards biannually bestowed by Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW).