Nobel Peace Prize for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses". Alfred Nobel's will further specified that the prize be awarded by a committee of five people chosen by the Norwegian Parliament. Nobel died in 1896 and he did not leave an explanation for choosing peace as a prize category. As he was a trained chemical engineer, the categories for chemistry and physics were obvious choices. The reasoning behind the peace prize is less clear. According to the Norwegian Nobel Committee, his friendship with Bertha von Suttner, a peace activist and later recipient of
Marie Curie of biographies are devoted to her. In 1938 her daughter, Ève Curie, published "Madame Curie". In 1987 Françoise Giroud wrote "Marie Curie: A Life". In 2005 Barbara Goldsmith wrote "Obsessive Genius: The Inner World of Marie Curie". In 2011 Lauren Redniss published "Radioactive: Marie and Pierre Curie, a Tale of Love and Fallout". Greer Garson and Walter Pidgeon starred in the 1943 U.S. Oscar-nominated film, "Madame Curie", based on her life. More recently, in 1997, a French film about Pierre and Marie Curie was released, "Les Palmes de M. Schutz". It was adapted from a play of the same name.