Josephites (20th century) Josephites (20th century) Josephites ( "Iosiflyane") so-called after the name of the Metropolitan Joseph (Petrovykh) of Petrograd – leader of resistance in Russian Orthodox Church. The resistance began after Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky) issued formal declaration to all members of the Church, called for loyalty toward the Soviet government: “… "We need to prove it by not words but deeds that not only those indifferent to the Orthodoxy, not only its betrayers can be loyal citizens of the Soviet Union but also its most fervent adherents for whom it is as dear as the truth and life with all its dogmas
20th-century music gestures and formlessness of late Romanticism which revived the balanced forms and clearly perceptible thematic processes of earlier styles. There were three distinct "schools" of neoclassicism, associated with Igor Stravinsky, Paul Hindemith, and Arnold Schoenberg. Similar sympathies in the second half of the century are generally subsumed under the heading "postmodernism". A compositional tradition arose in the mid-20th century—particularly in North America—called "experimental music". Its most famous and influential exponent was John Cage (1912–1992). According to Cage, "an experimental action is one the outcome of which is not foreseen", and he was specifically interested in completed works that performed an