History of the transistor about 15 volts". Brattain and H. R. Moore made a demonstration to several of their colleagues and managers at Bell Labs on the afternoon of 23 December 1947, often given as the birth date of the transistor. The "PNP point-contact germanium transistor" operated as a speech amplifier with a power gain of 18 in that trial. In 1956 John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain, and William Bradford Shockley were honored with the Nobel Prize in Physics "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect". Twelve people are mentioned as directly involved in the invention of the transistor
The Nobel Peace Prize for Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution group's Korean branch (일본 평화헌법9조 노벨평화상 추천 한국위원회) nominated the and for the prize and dispatched testimonial letters and signatures of Korean citizens to the Norwegian Embassy in Seoul. Peace Research Institute Oslo included "Kyūjyō no kai" as one of the leading candidates (fourth place) for 2015 prize. In South Korea, many people engaged in supportive activities and collected signatures. A total of 142 lawmakers, former Presidents and intellectuals supported the movement. In Korea itself, there is fierce competition for the Nobel Prize, indeed it is rare for Koreans to support the candidacy of foreigners, especially Japanese, for the Nobel