St. Petersburg Institute of International Trade, Economics and Law St. Petersburg Institute of International Trade, Economics and Law St. Petersburg Institute of International Economic Relations, Economics and Law (IIEREL) - IVESEP () is an independent institution of higher education in St. Petersburg, Russia. Established in 1994 by the interregional public organization “ZNANIE Society in St. Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast”. IVESEP-IIEREL is headquartered in St. Petersburg in a 19th-century palace built for Princess Zinaida Ivanovna Yusupova (42 Liteiny Prospekt). More than 80% of the professors of IIEREL are doctors and candidates. IIEREL is involved in the Bologna process. The Institute consists of six faculties: Economics, Humanities, International Relations, Law, Second
History of aesthetics before the 20th century refers to Greek philosophers as the earliest source of formal aesthetic considerations. Plato believed in beauty as a "form" in which beautiful objects partake and which causes them to be beautiful. He felt that beautiful objects incorporated proportion, harmony, and unity among their parts. Similarly, in the "Metaphysics", Aristotle found that the universal elements of beauty were order, symmetry, and definiteness. From the late 17th to the early 20th century Western aesthetics underwent a slow revolution into what is often called modernism. German and British thinkers emphasized beauty as the key component of art and of the aesthetic experience, and