Germany Germany Germany ( ), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Central and Western Europe, lying between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands to the west. Germany includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With nearly 83 million inhabitants, it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia, the
Phase-locked loop ranges between initial and final phase deviation is larger than formula_13, we say that cycle slipping takes place. Here, sometimes, the limit of the difference or the maximum of the difference is considered Definition of lock-in range. If the loop is in a locked state, then after an abrupt change of formula_15 free within a lock-in range formula_16, the PLL acquires lock without cycle slipping. Here formula_17 is called lock-in frequency. Phase-locked loop ranges The terms hold-in range, pull-in range (acquisition range), and lock-in range are widely used by engineers for the concepts of frequency deviation ranges within which phase-locked loop-based