Transistor and is ubiquitous in modern electronic systems. Julius Edgar Lilienfeld patented a field-effect transistor in 1926 but it was not possible to actually construct a working device at that time. The first practically implemented device was a point-contact transistor invented in 1947 by American physicists John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley. The transistor revolutionized the field of electronics, and paved the way for smaller and cheaper radios, calculators, and computers, among other things. The transistor is on the list of IEEE milestones in electronics, and Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their achievement.
Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors with Applications to Transistor Electronics Nostrand in New York, and went through many later printings. The arrangement of chapters is as follows: Part I INTRODUCTION TO TRANSISTOR ELECTRONICS PART II DESCRIPTIVE THEORY OF SEMICONDUCTORS PART III QUANTUM MECHANICAL FOUNDATIONS Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors with Applications to Transistor Electronics Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors with Applications to Transistor Electronics is a book by Nobel Prize winner William Shockley, first published in 1950. It was a primary source, and was used as the first textbook, for scientists and engineers learning the new field of semiconductors as applied to the development of the transistor. This was the