An Unbroken Agony Robinson states that the Guzmán government had no communists in their fairly elected government and that the real reason for the U.S. aggression in the area was to protect the interest of the American owned corporation, the United Fruit Company, (now called Chiquita Brands). Furthermore, Robinson says that the U.S. supported the Haitian dictators François Duvalier, and Jean-Claude Duvalier, Henri Namphy, Leslie Manigat, and Prosper Avril. François Duvalier killed an estimated 50,000 Haitians. He ruled from 1957 to 1971. Jean-Claude Duvalier took control after his father died in 1971 and continued the brutal dictatorship until February 1986. Military rulers overthrew
Jean-Claude Lutanie Jean-Claude Lutanie Jean-Claude Lutanie is a French writer. Jean-Claude Lutanie was born in Poitiers, France in 1951. In the 1970s and 80s, he entered into social protest and contestation, but early on, broke off from any movement in particular. In 1981, he publishes "Protestation devant les libertaires du présent et du futur sur les capitulations de 1980" anonymously, followed by "Une lecture paranoïaque-critique de" La Maison Tellier "(Guy de Maupassant)" in 1993. Lutanie’s university research focused on the work of Jean-Pierre Brisset. He taught French in Tebessa, Algeria, from 1985 to 1987, before teaching as Professor of Literature and History