Prosper Avril their foreign accounts." Avril was forced into retirement by Jean-Claude Duvalier in 1983, but reinstated and promoted to Colonel in 1986, in the face of the popular revolt which would ultimately see Duvalier overthrown. Avril's 1986 joining of Henri Namphy's interim military junta saw protest demonstrations, and he was forced to resign; but he quickly returned, and assisted Namphy in the June 1988 Haitian coup d'état which overthrew Leslie Manigat, who had been elected in military-controlled elections and took office in February 1988. In September 1988, a week after the St Jean Bosco massacre, Avril overthrew his former ally Namphy,
Jean-Claude Lutanie Jean-Claude Lutanie Jean-Claude Lutanie is a French writer. Jean-Claude Lutanie was born in Poitiers, France in 1951. In the 1970s and 80s, he entered into social protest and contestation, but early on, broke off from any movement in particular. In 1981, he publishes "Protestation devant les libertaires du présent et du futur sur les capitulations de 1980" anonymously, followed by "Une lecture paranoïaque-critique de" La Maison Tellier "(Guy de Maupassant)" in 1993. Lutanie’s university research focused on the work of Jean-Pierre Brisset. He taught French in Tebessa, Algeria, from 1985 to 1987, before teaching as Professor of Literature and History