Compulsory voting , 22 countries were recorded as having compulsory voting. Of these, only 10 countries (additionally one Swiss canton and one Indian state) enforce it. Of the 30 member states of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 10 had forms of compulsory voting. These are the countries and sub-national entities that enforce compulsory voting: Countries that have compulsory voting by law but do not enforce it: Although voting in a country may be compulsory, penalties for failing to vote are not always strictly enforced. In Australia and Brazil, providing a legitimate reason for not voting (such as illness) is accepted.
Catalytic converter first boil and then aerate. This subsequently leads to a non-start condition, which lasts until the engine and fuel in the lines cool down. As an alternative, catalytic converters were moved to a third of the way back from the engine, and were then placed underneath the vehicle. A 2-way (or "oxidation", sometimes called an "oxi-cat") catalytic converter has two simultaneous tasks: This type of catalytic converter is widely used on diesel engines to reduce hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. They were also used on gasoline engines in American- and Canadian-market automobiles until 1981. Because of their inability to control