Babrak Karmal always been highly critical of his Khalqist predecessors Nur Muhammad Taraki and Amin's ultra-left radicalism. Karmal was promoted to Chairman of the Revolutionary Council and Chairman of the Council of Ministers on 27 December 1979. He remained in office until 1981, when he was succeeded by Sultan Ali Keshtmand. Throughout his term, Karmal worked to establish a support base for the PDPA by introducing several reforms. Among these were the Fundamental Principles of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, introducing a general amnesty for those people imprisoned during Nur Mohammad Taraki's and Amin's rule. He also replaced the red Khalqist flag
Sultan Mohammed Ali al-Kitbi since the 1990s. He served with peacekeeping missions in Somalia and Kosovo. During the Saudi Arabian-led coalition's intervention in the Yemeni civil war, Al-Kitbi took part in Operation "Restoring Hope" and was involved in the fighting to capture the city of Taiz, in southern Yemen. He was killed in a rocket attack by Houthi rebels on Monday, 14 December 2015, near Taiz along with Saudi Arabian colonel Abdullah al-Sahian. His body was later returned to the UAE. Al-Kitbi had seven children. His brother is a former member of the Federal National Council. Sultan Mohammed Ali al-Kitbi Sultan Mohammed Ali al-Kitbi