Ruby laser weaknesses in the lining. Ruby lasers were used extensively in tattoo and hair removal, but are being replaced by alexandrite and s in this application. The ruby laser was the first laser to be made functional. Built by Theodore Maiman in 1960, the device was created out of the concept of an "optical maser," a maser that could operate in the visual or infrared regions of the spectrum. In 1958, after the inventor of the maser, Charles Townes, and his colleague, Arthur Schawlow, published an article in the "Physical Review" regarding the idea of optical masers, the race to build
Laser guided and stabalized arc welding Laser guided and stabalized arc welding Laser guided and stabilized welding (LGS-welding) is a process in which a laser beam irradiates an electrical heated plasma arc to set a path of increased conductivity. Therefore, the arc´s energy can be spatial directed and the plasma burns more stable. The process must be destincted from laser-hybrid welding, since only low power laser energy of a couple hundred watts is used and the laser does not contribute significantly to the welding process in terms of energy input. The principle of Laser enhanced welding is based on the interaction between the electrical arc and