Life on Mars life were found. Mariner 4 probe performed the first successful flyby of the planet Mars, returning the first pictures of the Martian surface in 1965. The photographs showed an arid Mars without rivers, oceans, or any signs of life. Further, it revealed that the surface (at least the parts that it photographed) was covered in craters, indicating a lack of plate tectonics and weathering of any kind for the last 4 billion years. The probe also found that Mars has no global magnetic field that would protect the planet from potentially life-threatening cosmic rays. The probe was able to calculate
Space probe (first weather balloons deployed on another planet) at Venus before their rendezvous with Halley's Comet. This Japanese probe was the first non-US, non-Soviet interplanetary probe. A second Japanese probe, it made ultraviolet wavelength observations of the comet. The first space probe to penetrate a comet's coma and take close-up images of its nucleus. First solar wind sample return probe from sun-earth L1. First sample return probe from a comet tail. First probe to land on an asteroid. First sample return probe to launch from an asteroid. The Rosetta space probe flew by two asteroids and made a rendezvous and orbited