Anti-Duvalier protest movement the "Milice de Volontaires de la Sécurité Nationale" (Militia of National Security Volunteers). When Duvalier died in 1971, his son, Jean-Claude “Baby Doc” Duvalier took over (confirmed by the 1971 constitutional referendum) and the force continued throughout his regime and maintained the same violent presence. Widespread problems of starvation and unemployment soon grew rampant. On 23 May 1984, citizens in the city of Gonaïves began protests against Duvalier’s government calling it "Operation Déchoukaj," () which consequently led to police officers publicly beating a pregnant woman, who soon died. Activists’ listed grievances under Duvalier’s regime, including general brutality against civilians and
Jean-Claude Pascal Jean-Claude Pascal Jean-Claude Pascal (24 October 1927 in Paris, France – 5 May 1992), born Jean-Claude Villeminot, was a French comedian and singer. After surviving World War II in Strasbourg, Pascal studied at the Sorbonne before turning to fashion-designing for Christian Dior. While working on costumes for the theater production of the play "Don Juan," he was exposed to acting. His first acting role was in the film "Quattro rose rosse" (1951) opposite Anouk Aimée, followed by several films including "Die schöne Lügnerin" ("La Belle et l'empereur" 1959, 'Beautiful Liar') with Romy Schneider and "Angelique and the Sultan" ("Angélique et