Compulsory voting papers. Compulsory voting is increasingly resented by citizens in some countries such as Brazil, the largest country where compulsory voting is enforced: at the last presidential election in 2014, some 30 million voters, about 21% of registered voters, did not vote, despite the fact that Brazil has some of the most severe penalties enforced against non voters. A study of a Swiss canton where compulsory voting was enforced found that compulsory voting significantly increased electoral support for leftist policy positions in referenda by up to 20 percentage points. Another study found that the effects of universal turnout in the United
Catalytic oxidation metalloenzymes mediate these reactions. Fuel cells rely on oxidation of organic compounds (or hydrogen) using catalysts. Catalytic heaters generate flameless heat from a supply of combustible fuel and oxygen from air as oxidant. Catalytic oxidation Catalytic oxidation are processes that oxidize compounds using catalysts. Common applications involve oxidation of organic compounds by the oxygen in air. Such processes are conducted on a large scale for the remediation of pollutants, production of valuable chemicals, and the production of energy. An illustrative catalytic oxidation is the conversion of methanol to the more valuable compound formaldehyde using oxygen in air: This conversion is