Prosper Avril their foreign accounts." Avril was forced into retirement by Jean-Claude Duvalier in 1983, but reinstated and promoted to Colonel in 1986, in the face of the popular revolt which would ultimately see Duvalier overthrown. Avril's 1986 joining of Henri Namphy's interim military junta saw protest demonstrations, and he was forced to resign; but he quickly returned, and assisted Namphy in the June 1988 Haitian coup d'état which overthrew Leslie Manigat, who had been elected in military-controlled elections and took office in February 1988. In September 1988, a week after the St Jean Bosco massacre, Avril overthrew his former ally Namphy,
Jean-Claude Guillebaud Jean-Claude Guillebaud Jean-Claude Guillebaud (21 May 1944, Algiers) is a French writer, essayist, lecturer and journalist. A journalist at the daily "Sud Ouest", then at the newspaper "Le Monde" and the weekly "Le Nouvel Observateur", Jean-Claude Guillebaud also directed the organisation Reporters Without Borders. In 1972 he was the recipient of the Prix Albert-Londres. He is a member of the sponsorship committee of the of the culture of peace and non-violence. In 2005, Guillebaud published "". He kept a weekly column on the life of the media in the television supplement of "Le Nouvel Observateur" before replacing Jacques Julliard as