Compulsory voting papers. Compulsory voting is increasingly resented by citizens in some countries such as Brazil, the largest country where compulsory voting is enforced: at the last presidential election in 2014, some 30 million voters, about 21% of registered voters, did not vote, despite the fact that Brazil has some of the most severe penalties enforced against non voters. A study of a Swiss canton where compulsory voting was enforced found that compulsory voting significantly increased electoral support for leftist policy positions in referenda by up to 20 percentage points. Another study found that the effects of universal turnout in the United
Monolith (catalyst support) Monolith (catalyst support) Monolithic catalyst supports are extruded structures that are the core of many catalytic converters, most diesel particulate filters, and some catalytic reactors. Most catalytic converters are used for vehicle emissions control. Stationary catalytic converters can reduce air pollution from fossil fuel power stations. Monoliths for automotive catalytic converters are made of a ceramic that contains a large proportion of synthetic cordierite, 2MgO•2AlO•5SiO, which has a low coefficient of thermal expansion. Each monolith contains thousands of parallel channels or holes, which are defined by many thin walls, in a honeycomb structure. The channels can be square, hexagonal, round,