Oscar bait success of summer blockbusters like "Jaws" and "Star Wars" (both of which had also been nominated for Best Picture), independent filmmakers refined Carr's methods of exploiting the Oscars. Merchant Ivory, who produced lavish costume dramas, often based on novels by Henry James or E. M. Forster, began to time their releases to align with the awards season. Their 1985 adaptation of Forster's "A Room with a View" won three of the eight Oscars it was nominated for. By 1991 the modern film-release calendar, in which studios released the movies they had the highest Oscar hopes for in autumn and December,
Sally Field in the film version of "Steel Magnolias" (1989), she was nominated for a 1990 Golden Globe Award for Best Actress. Field had supporting roles in a number of other movies, including "Mrs. Doubtfire" (1993) in which she played Miranda Hillard, the wife of Robin Williams's character and the love interest of Pierce Brosnan's character Stuart 'Stu' Dunmyer. She then played Tom Hanks's mother in "Forrest Gump" (1994), even though she was only 10 years older than Hanks, with whom she had co-starred six years earlier in "Punchline". Field's other 1990s films included "Not Without My Daughter", a controversial thriller based