Anti-Duvalier protest movement the "Milice de Volontaires de la Sécurité Nationale" (Militia of National Security Volunteers). When Duvalier died in 1971, his son, Jean-Claude “Baby Doc” Duvalier took over (confirmed by the 1971 constitutional referendum) and the force continued throughout his regime and maintained the same violent presence. Widespread problems of starvation and unemployment soon grew rampant. On 23 May 1984, citizens in the city of Gonaïves began protests against Duvalier’s government calling it "Operation Déchoukaj," () which consequently led to police officers publicly beating a pregnant woman, who soon died. Activists’ listed grievances under Duvalier’s regime, including general brutality against civilians and
Jean-Claude Van Damme Jean-Claude Van Damme Jean-Claude Camille François Van Varenberg (born 18 October 1960), professionally known as Jean-Claude Van Damme () and abbreviated as JCVD, is a Belgian actor, martial artist, screenwriter, film producer, and director best known for his martial arts action films. The most successful of these projects include "Bloodsport" (1988), "Kickboxer" franchise (1989-2018), "Lionheart" (1990), "Double Impact" (1991), "Universal Soldier" franchise (1992-2012), "Hard Target" (1993), "Street Fighter" (1994), "Timecop" (1994), "Sudden Death" (1995), "JCVD" (2008), "The Expendables 2" (2012), "Kung Fu Panda 2," and "Kung Fu Panda 3" (2011-2016). Van Damme was born Jean-Claude Camille François Van Varenberg, on