Pipeline transport in order to avoid melting the frozen ground by hot petroleum which would result in sinking the pipeline in the ground. Maintenance of pipelines includes checking cathodic protection levels for the proper range, surveillance for construction, erosion, or leaks by foot, land vehicle, boat, or air, and running cleaning pigs, when there is anything carried in the pipeline that is corrosive. US pipeline maintenance rules are covered in Code of Federal Regulations(CFR) sections, 49 CFR 192 for natural gas pipelines, and 49 CFR 195 for petroleum liquid pipelines. In the US, onshore and offshore pipelines used to transport oil and
NOGAT Pipeline System 5% by Total S.A. and 1.8% by Venture Production. The pipeline was originally operated by Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij BV (NAM), but after acquiring the NAM's stake in the pipeline, GDF Suez took over the operator's function. NOGAT Pipeline System NOGAT ("Northern Offshore Gas Transport") is a natural gas pipeline system which connects Dutch continental shelf with an onshore gas plant and terminal at Den Helder, the Netherlands. The system has been operational since 1992. The Danish continental shelf pipeline system is connected to the NOGAT through the Tyra West – F3 pipeline and the German continental shelf pipeline system is