Weekh Zalmian been involved. Weekh Zalmian Wíṣ Zalmiyān/Weekh Zalmyan (Pashto: ويښ زلميان or Awakened Youth) was a youth movement started in Afghanistan in 1947 in Kandahar. The movement was focused on a nationalist agenda of modernization. Following a brief period of liberalisation encouraged by Prime Minister Shah Mahmud Khan, it was dissolved in a crackdown between 1951 and 1952. The crackdown has been described as a contributing factor in the radicalisation of many leaders who later established the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan. Noor Mohammad Tarakai stated he was a founder of the movement, and Babrak Karmal and Hafizullah Amin also said
1981 in Afghanistan and consumer goods. According to UN statistics, 1.7 million Afghans have so far fled to Pakistan and some 400,000 to Iran in order to escape the strife in their country. President Karmal gives up the post of prime minister; he is succeeded in that position on June 11 by Sultan Ali Keshtmand, another trusted member of the Parcham faction of the PDPA. Keshtmand is also put in direct charge of the National Patriotic Front, set up in December 1980 with the intention of rallying the people behind Karmal's Marxist revolutionary government. Karmal announces a new set of proposals for negotiations