Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System with the Denali Fault, a major cause of earthquakes, and with large amounts of permafrost. In 1969, the unincorporated Trans-Alaska Pipeline System group drilled a series of core samples north of the Brooks Range that demonstrated how ubiquitous the permafrost was along the route. This forced the design of an elevated pipeline, which was tested in a loop built near Barrow. This elevation required the pipeline to be insulated, since extreme cold temperatures caused the metal to become brittle, even when hot oil was being pumped through the pipeline. After ecological objections forced subterranean pipeline crossings (in order to allow
Transalpine Pipeline It could be used to reverse the southern branch of the Druzhba pipeline to supply Slovakia. In Würmlach, Austria, the Adria-Wien Pipeline (AWP) branches off from the Transalpine Pipeline. It supplies the OMV refinery in Schwechat. Through the proposed Bratislava - Schwechat Pipeline it may supply also Slovakia. In addition to the sea transport, the Pan-European Pipeline, if constructed, will supply the Transalpine Pipeline. The diameter of the trunkline between Trieste and Ingolstadt is . Both sections starting from Ingolstadt are with in diameter. The pipeline has ten pumping stations. The pipeline system includes tank farms in Trieste and Lenting,