Anti-Duvalier protest movement the "Milice de Volontaires de la Sécurité Nationale" (Militia of National Security Volunteers). When Duvalier died in 1971, his son, Jean-Claude “Baby Doc” Duvalier took over (confirmed by the 1971 constitutional referendum) and the force continued throughout his regime and maintained the same violent presence. Widespread problems of starvation and unemployment soon grew rampant. On 23 May 1984, citizens in the city of Gonaïves began protests against Duvalier’s government calling it "Operation Déchoukaj," () which consequently led to police officers publicly beating a pregnant woman, who soon died. Activists’ listed grievances under Duvalier’s regime, including general brutality against civilians and
Jean-Claude Mocik Jean-Claude Mocik Jean-Claude Mocik, was born on February 9, 1958 in Livry Gargan. He is a film-maker, video director, a director and teacher. After studies of cinema and broadcasting in Paris VIII University, Jean-Claude Mocik worked with Pierre Jolivet : "Strictement personnel" (1985), "Le complexe du kangourou" (1986) and Jean-Pierre Mocky : "Le Pactole" (1985), "La machine à découdre" (1986). Then he became assistant-director of Jean-Paul Jaud : "SOS Charlot" (1983), "La Marseillaise" (1989). He realized fictions : "Piste" (1980), "Moco Fictions"(2007), documentaries : "Théatre, Ecole Créativité" (1982) and "Looking For Beethoven" ( 2012 ), experimental films : "Paris Figure