Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System with the Denali Fault, a major cause of earthquakes, and with large amounts of permafrost. In 1969, the unincorporated Trans-Alaska Pipeline System group drilled a series of core samples north of the Brooks Range that demonstrated how ubiquitous the permafrost was along the route. This forced the design of an elevated pipeline, which was tested in a loop built near Barrow. This elevation required the pipeline to be insulated, since extreme cold temperatures caused the metal to become brittle, even when hot oil was being pumped through the pipeline. After ecological objections forced subterranean pipeline crossings (in order to allow
Moomba Adelaide Pipeline System Moomba Adelaide Pipeline System The Moomba Adelaide Pipeline System is a natural gas pipeline delivering gas from the Cooper Basin gas wells near Moomba to Adelaide, with spur pipelines to Angaston and Whyalla. It can also receive gas from Southeastern Queensland through the QSN Link pipeline owned by APA Group. The pipeline was developed by the Government of South Australia and commenced operation on 28 November 1969. It was privatised in 1995 and bought by QIC Global Infrastructure, the parent company of Epic Energy in April 2013. The pipeline system now consists of a total of of high pressure gas