Iceland–United States relations to a number of the same international organizations, including the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Arctic Council, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and World Trade Organization. Only two U.S. presidents have visited Iceland whilst in office: Richard Nixon in 31 May-1 June 1973 and Ronald Reagan in 9–12 October 1986. President Richard Nixon was the first U.S. president to visit Iceland when he visited on 31 May - 1 June 1973. Reagan attended the Reykjavík Summit in 9–12 October 1986 with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. It was a highly
Mikhail Gorbachev major campaign to limit alcohol consumption, which Gorbachev—who believed it would improve health and work efficiency—oversaw. His wife keenly supported the measure. As a result, crime rates fell and life expectancy grew slightly between 1986 and 1987. The reform had significant costs to the Soviet economy, resulting in losses of up to $100 billion between 1985 and 1990. Gorbachev later considered the campaign to have been an error. In April 1986 the Chernobyl disaster occurred; in the immediate aftermath, officials fed Gorbachev incorrect information to downplay the incident. As the scale of the disaster became apparent, 336,000 people were evacuated