Compulsory voting , 22 countries were recorded as having compulsory voting. Of these, only 10 countries (additionally one Swiss canton and one Indian state) enforce it. Of the 30 member states of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 10 had forms of compulsory voting. These are the countries and sub-national entities that enforce compulsory voting: Countries that have compulsory voting by law but do not enforce it: Although voting in a country may be compulsory, penalties for failing to vote are not always strictly enforced. In Australia and Brazil, providing a legitimate reason for not voting (such as illness) is accepted.
Catalytic converter converter can be recycled into scrap. The precious metals inside the converter, including platinum, palladium, and rhodium, are extracted. Catalytic converters require a temperature of 800 degrees Fahrenheit (426 °C) to efficiently convert harmful exhaust gases into inert gases, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor. Therefore, the first catalytic converters were placed close to the engine, to ensure fast heating. However, such placement can cause several problems. One of these is vapor lock - which may occur several minutes after the engine is shut off, as radiant heat from the catalytic converter causes fuel in surrounding fuel lines to