Anti-Duvalier protest movement the "Milice de Volontaires de la Sécurité Nationale" (Militia of National Security Volunteers). When Duvalier died in 1971, his son, Jean-Claude “Baby Doc” Duvalier took over (confirmed by the 1971 constitutional referendum) and the force continued throughout his regime and maintained the same violent presence. Widespread problems of starvation and unemployment soon grew rampant. On 23 May 1984, citizens in the city of Gonaïves began protests against Duvalier’s government calling it "Operation Déchoukaj," () which consequently led to police officers publicly beating a pregnant woman, who soon died. Activists’ listed grievances under Duvalier’s regime, including general brutality against civilians and
Jean-Claude Ameisen team for the 2012 presidential election, in charge, with Charlotte Brun, of the subject "Elderly people, Dependency, and Disability". In 2016, he became the sponsor of the ECN 2020 promotion at Nancy's Faculty of Medicine. Jean Claude Ameisen is mainly known for his work on the processes of programmed cell death or apoptosis in physiopathology and evolution. Jean-Claude Ameisen Jean Claude Ameisen (born December 22, 1951) is a French doctor, immunologist and researcher in biology. He is Director of the Center for Life Studies of the Paris Institute of Humanities, Paris Diderot University and President of the National Consultative Ethics