Anti-Duvalier protest movement the "Milice de Volontaires de la Sécurité Nationale" (Militia of National Security Volunteers). When Duvalier died in 1971, his son, Jean-Claude “Baby Doc” Duvalier took over (confirmed by the 1971 constitutional referendum) and the force continued throughout his regime and maintained the same violent presence. Widespread problems of starvation and unemployment soon grew rampant. On 23 May 1984, citizens in the city of Gonaïves began protests against Duvalier’s government calling it "Operation Déchoukaj," () which consequently led to police officers publicly beating a pregnant woman, who soon died. Activists’ listed grievances under Duvalier’s regime, including general brutality against civilians and
Jean-Claude Fohrenbach Jean-Claude Fohrenbach Jean-Claude Fohrenbach (January 5, 1925, Paris - March 30, 2009, Villiers-le-Duc) was a French jazz saxophonist. Fohrenbach learned clarinet, piano, tenor saxophone, and violin as a child, concentrating on tenor sax once he began playing full-time in the mid-1940s. Early in his career he played with Eddie Bernard and Django Reinhardt before landing a regular gig at the Club Saint-Germain in Paris as the leader of a seven-piece ensemble from 1949 to 1951. After this residency he worked with Claude Bolling, Jack Diéval, Jonah Jones, and Martial Solal in the early and mid-1950s. In the 1960s he performed