North Dakota Pipeline Company system North Dakota Pipeline Company system The North Dakota Pipeline Company (NDPL) system is a 950-mile (1530 km) crude oil pipeline system that collects oil from fields in the Williston Basin in Montana and North Dakota and transports it eastward to the Mandan Refinery in Mandan, North Dakota and to other pipeline systems that carry oil to other refineries in the Midwest. About 330 miles (530 km) of pipeline are used for collection from oil wells, and this connects to a 620-mile (1,000 km) main transportation line. In addition to collecting oil from wells in the United States, it also connects
The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said "According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment,