Prosper Avril their foreign accounts." Avril was forced into retirement by Jean-Claude Duvalier in 1983, but reinstated and promoted to Colonel in 1986, in the face of the popular revolt which would ultimately see Duvalier overthrown. Avril's 1986 joining of Henri Namphy's interim military junta saw protest demonstrations, and he was forced to resign; but he quickly returned, and assisted Namphy in the June 1988 Haitian coup d'état which overthrew Leslie Manigat, who had been elected in military-controlled elections and took office in February 1988. In September 1988, a week after the St Jean Bosco massacre, Avril overthrew his former ally Namphy,
Jean-Claude Touche Jean-Claude Touche Jean-Claude Touche (7 August 1926 – 29 August 1944) was a French musician, organist and composer. Jean-Claude Touche was born in Paris. His father, Firmin Touche, was concertmaster of the Concerts Colonne and academic at the Conservatoire de Paris. In 1941, he entered the Conservatoire de Paris where Henri Rabaud had just given way to Claude Delvincourt. He attended the classes of Maurice Duruflé and Marcel Dupré. He won a first prize in organ in 1944, three months before his death. During his very short existence, he composed some quality works: "Thème et variations sur Veni creator" and