Driving test test was introduced in France in 1899. To make the test fair, written driving tests are normally standardized tests, meaning that everyone takes the same test under the same conditions. In many places the test can be done by computer, and typically consists of questions related to road signs and traffic laws of the respective country, but may also include questions related to road safety best practices or technical questions regarding vehicle operation and maintenance. In many countries, passing a written driving test is required to be allowed to sit the practical test. Depending on the country and on the
New European Driving Cycle as being out-of-date as its most recent update was made in 1997; before hybrid cars and stop-start technology was generally available. Which? claimed the test did not replicate real-world driving conditions and had numerous loopholes which cause the results to be unachievable in practice It was also claimed that no official body polices the tests and the car-companies can arbitrarily reduce their results by 4% at the end of the cycle. Weaknesses noted are: (i) that tests are not necessarily repeatable and comparable; (ii) the test-cycle does not include sustained motorway driving; (iii) test-cycles can be performed using optional economy