Babrak Karmal have so far not opted for concrete and constructive positions." During Karmal's rule Afghan–Pakistani relations remained hostile; the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan was the catalyst for the hostile relationship. The increasing numbers of Afghan refugees in Pakistan challenged the PDPA's legitimacy to rule. The Soviet Union threatened in 1985 that it would support the Baloch separatist movement in Pakistan if the Pakistani government continued to aid the mujahideen in Afghanistan. Karmal, problematically for the Soviets, did not want a Soviet withdrawal, and he hampered attempts to improve relations with Pakistan since the Pakistani government had refused to recognise the PDPA
Prime Minister of Laos the People's Democratic Republic traces its lineage back to Kaysone Phomvihane, the first Prime Minister of the People's Democratic Republic. The predecessor office to the Prime Minister of the People's Democratic Republic was the Prime Minister of the former Kingdom of Laos. There have been 7 prime ministers of the People's Democratic Republic, but there have been 17 prime ministers of Laos if the prime ministers of the Kingdom of Laos are counted. Between December 1959 to December 1960, Laos had six different Prime Ministers, who were ousted by six successive political coups. Prime Minister of Laos The Prime Minister