South African rand as Daan Desimaal). This was accompanied by a radio jingle, to inform the public about the new currency. One Rand was worth US$1.40 from the time of its inception in 1961 until late 1971. Its value thereafter fluctuated as various exchange rate dispensations were implemented by the South African authorities. By the early-1980s, high inflation and mounting political pressure combined with sanctions placed against the country due to international opposition to the apartheid system started to erode its value. The currency broke above parity with the dollar for the first time in March 1982, and continued to trade between R
Ingersoll Rand Company in New York, and in 1888 it combined with Sergeant Drill to form Ingersoll Sergeant Drill Company. Also in 1871, brothers Addison Rand (1841–1900) and Jasper Rand, Jr. (1837–1909) established Rand Drill Company with its main manufacturing plant in Tarrytown, New York. Rand drills cleared New York's treacherous Hell Gate channel and were used in the construction of water aqueducts for New York City and Washington, D.C., and tunnels in Haverstraw and West Point, New York, and in Weehawken, New Jersey. In 1905 Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Company merged with the Rand Drill Company to form Ingersoll Rand. Ingersoll Rand has