Rand Refinery Rand Refinery Rand Refinery (Pty) Limited is the largest integrated single-site precious metals refining and smelting complex in the world. It was established in 1920 to refine gold within South Africa which until that time had been refined in London. Since its inception it has refined nearly 50,000 tonnes of gold. This represents some 30% of all the gold mined in the world since antiquity. It was established in 1920 in Germiston, South Africa, by the Chamber of Mines of South Africa to refine all the gold produced by South Africa's gold mines instead of in London. As of 1919,
The RAND Journal of Economics journal in the spring of 1970 with the name The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science. From 1975–1983 it was titled The Bell Journal of Economics. In 1984, after transfer to the RAND Corporation, it acquired its present name. The RAND Journal of Economics The RAND Journal of Economics (usually called Rand Journal or simply Rand ) is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal of economics published quarterly by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the RAND Corporation. The journal's purpose is "to support and encourage research in the behavior of regulated industries, the economic analysis of organizations, and more generally, applied microeconomics".