Czesław Kiszczak quasi-government administering Poland during the martial law (1981–83). In 1982 he became a deputy member of the Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Party and a full member in 1986. From December 1981 until June 1989 Kiszczak was the second most important person in Poland, after General Wojciech Jaruzelski, the nation's top leader. Together they orchestrated the crackdown aimed at crushing the "Solidarity", the Eastern Bloc’s first non-communist labor union movement. Martial law included the mass roundup and internment of "Solidarity" activists, curfews and other harsh measures. Generals Kiszczak and Jaruzelski later insisted that they were imposing martial law to
Marital rape immunity in Singapore Sir Matthew Hale in “"The History of the Pleas of the Crown"”, where he stated that a husband cannot be guilty of marital rape against his wife because the latter had irrevocably consented to sexual relations during the marriage. This principle of irrevocable consent was later cited in several English cases as justification for immunity against marital rape. The immunity was eventually imported into Singapore law as part of the English common law by the application of the Application of English Law Act 1993. The marital rape immunity was the subject of legislative amendments in the Penal Code (Amendment) Act