North London line then it was switched to . Later, it was cut back to . A tunnel, the Hampstead Heath tunnel, runs under Hampstead between and . The line is double track throughout, with a mix of triple and quadruple track between and . The former North Woolwich branch included a section of single track between Custom House and North Woolwich stations, and the Broad Street branch was at one time formed of quadruple track. During the February–May 2010 blockade, the , and stations were rebuilt to allow the extended East London line to serve Highbury & Islington on fully segregated tracks
Quadruple product Quadruple product In mathematics, the quadruple product is a product of four vectors in three-dimensional Euclidean space. The name "quadruple product" is used for two different products, the scalar-valued scalar quadruple product and the vector-valued vector quadruple product or vector product of four vectors . The scalar quadruple product is defined as the dot product of two cross products: where a, b, c, d are vectors in three-dimensional Euclidean space. It can be evaluated using the identity: or using the determinant: The vector quadruple product is defined as the cross product of two cross products: where a, b, c, d