Polonium subjects were chosen because experimenters wanted persons who had not been exposed to polonium either through work or accident. All subjects had incurable diseases. Excretion of polonium was followed, and an autopsy was conducted at that time on the deceased patient to determine which organs absorbed the polonium. Patients' ages ranged from 'early thirties' to 'early forties'. The experiments were described in Chapter 3 of Biological Studies with Polonium, Radium, and Plutonium, National Nuclear Energy Series, Volume VI-3, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1950. Not specified is the isotope under study, but at the time polonium-210 was the most readily available polonium
Field with one element discrete Fourier transform (complex-valued) and the related number-theoretic transform (Z/"n"Z-valued). Field with one element In mathematics, the field with one element is a suggestive name for an object that should behave similarly to a finite field with a single element, if such a field could exist. This object is denoted F, or, in a French–English pun, F. The name "field with one element" and the notation F are only suggestive, as there is no field with one element in classical abstract algebra. Instead, F refers to the idea that there should be a way to replace sets and operations, the