Navy Electronics Laboratory events—the submerged voyage of USS "Nautilus" from the Pacific to the Atlantic, via the North Pole, in 1958, with NEL’s Dr. Waldo Lyon aboard as chief scientist and ice pilot. That same summer, the USS "Skate" cruised from the Atlantic to the North Pole and the central Arctic Ocean, surfacing 9 times through small holes in the ice cap. Dr. Eugene C. La Fond, head of NEL's Oceanography Branch, was chief scientist In March 1959, the "Skate" returned to the Arctic, under winter conditions, with Dr. Waldo Lyon as chief scientist, and for the first time, the nuclear submarine was
Hans Tausen Ice Cap Hans Tausen Ice Cap Hans Tausen Ice Cap () is an ice cap in northern Greenland. Ice cores show it is around 3500–4000 years old. It formed since the Holocene climatic optimum of 6000-8000 BP. The ice cap is about 100 km from north to south and 80 km from east to west and sits on a 1300 m high plateau. The Hans Tausen Ice Cap is the source of many glaciers, including Ymer Glacier, Lur Glacier and the Tjalfe Glacier. It is a well studied ice cap, and is important to understanding the last Climatic Optimum. (Holocene climatic optimum)