Zanzibar the sheltered harbor located on the site of present-day Zanzibar City. The clove, originating from the Moluccan Islands (today in Indonesia), was introduced in Zanzibar by the Omani sultans in the first half of the 19th century. Zanzibar, mainly Pemba Island, was once the world's leading clove producer, but annual clove sales have plummeted by 80 percent since the 1970s. Zanzibar's clove industry has been crippled by a fast-moving global market, international competition, and a hangover from Tanzania's failed experiment with socialism in the 1960s and 1970s, when the government controlled clove prices and exports. Zanzibar now ranks a distant
Hamoud bin Mohammed of Zanzibar (daughter of the first Sultan of Zanzibar) he had ten children: On his death in 1902 he was succeeded by his oldest son, Sayyid Ali bin Hamud. Hamoud bin Mohammed of Zanzibar Sayyid Hamoud bin Mohammed Al-Said, GCSI, (1853 – 18 July 1902) (ruled 27 August 1896 - 18 July 1902) () was the British-controlled Omani sultan of the protectorate of Zanzibar, who outlawed slavery on the island. Hamoud became sultan with the support of the British consul, Sir Basil Cave, upon the death of Sayyid Hamad bin Thuwaini. Before he could enter the palace, another potential contender for the