Chess in the arts Poul Anderson's short story "Immortal Game", inspired by the 1851 game played by Adolf Anderssen and Lionel Kieseritzky (which also appears in the film "Blade Runner"); or Waldemar Łysiak's "Szachista" (), centered on a game played between Napoleon Bonaparte and The Turk. The game Frank Poole versus HAL 9000 from the film "" is also based on an actual match, albeit not widely known. Other artists drawn their inspirations from the life of players. Vladimir Nabokov wrote "The Defense" after learning about Curt von Bardeleben, while the musical "Chess" was loosely based on the life of Bobby Fischer. Some authors
Chess in the arts directly inspired at least two other works. The first is Jan Kochanowski's poem "Chess" (c. 1565), which describes the game as a battle between two armies, while the second is William Jones'" Caissa, or the game of chess" (1772). The latter poem popularised the pseudo-ancient Greek dryad Caïssa to be the "goddess of chess". Since the 19th century, artists have been creating novels and – since the 20th century – films related to chess. Sometimes, they are inspired by famous games, like John Brunner's "The Squares of the City", structured after the famous match between Wilhelm Steinitz and Mikhail Chigorin;