John Francis Ropek this nuclear submarine, Ropek was involved in pioneering oceanographic studies under the polar ice cap of the North Pole, resulting in the report "Characteristics of Polar Ice Observed During the 1957 Arctic Cruise of the USS Nautilus" (Defense Technical Information Center 1958). As a scientist he published many technical papers, such as "US Navy Hydrographic Office synoptic and prognostic wave charts" (US Navy Hydrographic Office 1955), and "An Application of Naval Oceanographic Development to Inland Waters" (Defense Technical Information Center 1967). Later, Ropek was deputy director of the prediction division of the Naval Oceanographic Office. Late in life he lived
The Sea of Ice 1824 expeditions to the North Pole. The two titles originally referred to the present work and another older work by Friedrich, now missing. The lost painting was shown in 1822 at the Dresden Academy exhibition under the title "A Wrecked Ship off the Coast of Greenland in the Moonlight. Own Invention". The present painting was first shown in 1824 at the Prague Academy exhibition under the title "An Idealized Scene of an Arctic Sea, with a Wrecked Ship on the Heaped Masses of Ice". In Friedrich's estate this work was described as "Ice Picture. The Disaster-stricken North Pole Expedition". The