Rand Refinery Rand Refinery Rand Refinery (Pty) Limited is the largest integrated single-site precious metals refining and smelting complex in the world. It was established in 1920 to refine gold within South Africa which until that time had been refined in London. Since its inception it has refined nearly 50,000 tonnes of gold. This represents some 30% of all the gold mined in the world since antiquity. It was established in 1920 in Germiston, South Africa, by the Chamber of Mines of South Africa to refine all the gold produced by South Africa's gold mines instead of in London. As of 1919,
The Rand Daily Mail black newspaper "The Sowetan" described "The Rand Daily Mail" as the first white newspaper to regard blacks as human beings. Yet for most of the apartheid period (1948–1990) the paper suffered from poor management, government infiltration, and state censorship. The management often tried to replace more liberal editors with conservative ones. After the closure of "The Rand Daily Mail", some of its journalists (like Anton Harber and Irwin Manoim) pooled their severance pay to start the "Weekly Mail" (now "Mail & Guardian"), which carried on the anti-apartheid stance of its predecessor. Times Media Group held the rights to "The Rand