Financial rand had a previous life, from January 1979 to February 1983. The 1985 crisis coincided with a default (then called a "standstill") on foreign debt by the apartheid government. Financial rand The South African financial rand was the most visible part of a system of capital controls. Although the financial rand was abolished in March 1995, some capital controls remain in place. These capital controls are locally referred to as "exchange controls", although the system has since 1995 moved towards surveillance — recording and reporting to the authorities of foreign currency transactions — rather than control. Capital controls have been in
The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies (JARS) is an academic journal devoted to the study of Objectivism, the philosophy of Ayn Rand. Established in 1999, its founding co-editors were R. W. Bradford, Stephen D. Cox, and Chris Matthew Sciabarra. At present, the editorial board consists of Cox, Sciabarra, Robert L. Campbell, and Roderick Long. Since 2013, the journal has been published by Penn State University Press. Although the Objectivist movement has been criticized as being a cult of personality, "The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies" often publishes papers by mainstream intellectuals and academics from