Video manipulation have been instances when this technology was used during political campaigns. The proof-of-principle software "Face2Face" was developed at Stanford University. Such advanced video manipulation must be ranked alongside and beyond previous examples of deep fakes. The concept of manipulating video can be traced back as far as the 1950s, when the 2 inch Quadruplex tape used in videotape recorders would be manually cut and spliced. After being coated with ferrofluid, the two ends of tape that were to be joined were painted with a mixture of iron filings and carbon tetrachloride, a toxic and carcinogenic compound to make the tracks
International Video Corporation & mastering system of their own design starting in the late 1970s, one of the first systems introduced for recording digital audio. Besides VTRs, IVC also manufactured other types of video equipment, such as studio video cameras. They also produced modified video recorders for use in medical and data storage applications. International Video Corporation International Video Corporation, or IVC, was a California company that manufactured several models of low to middle-end videotape recorders, or VTRs, for industrial and professional use. Their products were quite popular in the industrial and institutional markets. IVC 800 series 1 Inch VTR was very popular.