Financial rand had a previous life, from January 1979 to February 1983. The 1985 crisis coincided with a default (then called a "standstill") on foreign debt by the apartheid government. Financial rand The South African financial rand was the most visible part of a system of capital controls. Although the financial rand was abolished in March 1995, some capital controls remain in place. These capital controls are locally referred to as "exchange controls", although the system has since 1995 moved towards surveillance — recording and reporting to the authorities of foreign currency transactions — rather than control. Capital controls have been in
Glenn Rand Glenn Rand Glenn Rand (born in 1944 Cincinnati, Ohio, United States) is an American photographic artist, educator and writer. He has produced photographic art that has been included in public museum collections throughout the United States, Japan, and Europe. He has written twelve books on photography and contributed regularly to magazines. In 2009 the Photo Imaging Education Association (PIEA) presented him with its "Excellence in Education Award" for his insightful contributions to photographic education. After receiving his Bachelor of Art degree at Purdue University in 1966 with a Major in Humanities and Design, Rand continued on at Purdue acquiring a