Czesław Kiszczak quasi-government administering Poland during the martial law (1981–83). In 1982 he became a deputy member of the Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Party and a full member in 1986. From December 1981 until June 1989 Kiszczak was the second most important person in Poland, after General Wojciech Jaruzelski, the nation's top leader. Together they orchestrated the crackdown aimed at crushing the "Solidarity", the Eastern Bloc’s first non-communist labor union movement. Martial law included the mass roundup and internment of "Solidarity" activists, curfews and other harsh measures. Generals Kiszczak and Jaruzelski later insisted that they were imposing martial law to
Marital rape immunity in Singapore implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), which Singapore ratified on 5 October 1995. There are no documented statistics on the prevalence of marital rape in Singapore. There has only been one reported case of marital rape in the Singapore courts. Nevertheless, it is believed that many victims of marital rape suffer in silence because of the knowledge of a lack of effective legal remedies as well as the social stigma attached to the issue. The marital rape immunity under Singapore law is believed to have originated from an extrajudicial remark by