FDI is associated with technology diffusion and spillovers; however, it is not clear whether these are large enough to always justify the pervasive and large subsidies with which governments are trying to lure multinational firms.
L'IED est lui aussi associé au phénomène, mais on ignore encore si cela justifie les subventions généreuses tous azimuts par lesquelles les pouvoirs publics essaient d'attirer les sociétés multinationales.