Nowadays, it seems as anomalous to have knowledge workers serve as professional leaders as it once did to have scientists in the boardroom. It was previously thought that leadership is less necessary in knowledge-intensive organizations, where experts were assumed to be superior because they were motivated by intellectual pleasure rather than such extrinsic motivations as profit growth and cost targets.
لديهم الخبرة التقنية في المنتجات التي تنتجها شركاتهم فمجالس الاداره في امريكا مليئه باشخاص حائزين على درجة الماجستير في ادارة الاعمال وخاصة من هارفارد بينما يبدو ان  الشركات في معظم العالم المتقدم ( ربما باستثناء المانيا) تفضل المدراء المهنيين على اولئك الذين يمتلكون مهارة تقنية او علميه .