By the end of the 19th century, however, Germany, with much lower wages levels, had overtaken England in steel production, and was clearly dominant in the new technologies of electrical goods, chemicals, and dyes, as well as in many aspects of fine engineering.
A la fin du XIXe siècle, l’Allemagne, avec des salaires beaucoup plus faibles, avait dépassé l’Angleterre dans la sidérurgie, et affirmait sa suprématie dans les nouvelles technologies électriques et chimiques.