Under Saddam Hussein, restrictions were imposed on the Shiite seminary in Najaf – traditionally a counterbalance to Iran’s Shiite establishment – forcing the emigration of a number of clerics to the Iranian seminary in Qom.
Sous Saddam Hussein, des restrictions Žtaient imposŽes au sŽminaire chiite de Nadjaf (le contrepoids traditionnel de l'establishment chiite iranien) et ont forcŽ plusieurs religieux ˆ Žmigrer au sŽminaire iranien de Qom.