Product Development and Drug Testing. To predict toxicity, corrosivity, and other safety variables as well as the effectiveness of new products, traditional testing of chemicals, consumer products, medical devices, and new drugs has involved the use of animals.r. Gerhard Zbinden, one of the world's leading toxicologists, once described a standard in vivo test as little more than âa ritual mass execution of animals.â The testing of just one substance alone, be it a potential drug or toxic chemical, can involve using up to 800 animals and cost over $6 million. [1].
Paleness should be distinguished from other causes of prominent white skin 1  : Fair skin is genetically determined skin hue with low concentration of skin pigment (melanin) in the skin.
It can also be due to decreased number of red blood cells (anemia). Paleness of the skin is not the same as loss of pigment from the skin. Paleness is related to blood flow in the skin rather than deposit of melanin in the skin. Paleness can be caused by: 1  Normal fair complexion.