Mitochondrial research expanded in the late twentieth century after the invention of the electron microscope, and with the development of molecular genetic techniques, such as DNA sequencing and the use of enzymes that cut DNA at certain sites, called restriction endonuclease enzymes.ithin each mitochondrion is the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is different from the DNA in the cell's nucleus (nDNA). Organisms inherit their mitochondria only from their mothers via egg cells (oocytes).
Splenomegaly is usually associated with increased workload (such as in hemolytic anemias), which suggests that it is a response to hyperfunction. It is therefore not surprising that splenomegaly is associated with any disease process that involves abnormal red blood cells being destroyed in the spleen.he most common causes of splenomegaly in developed countries are infectious mononucleosis, splenic infiltration with cancer cells from a hematological malignancy and portal hypertension (most commonly secondary to liver disease, and Sarcoidosis).
Also, they determined that when the spleen reached or extended below the lower third of the left kidney, this was highly specific for splenomegaly despite a low sensitivity (sensitivity 20%, specificity 93%). The study validated the use of a simple splenic length measurement for splenic CT volume. When splenic length exceeds 10 cm, a diagnosis of splenomegaly should be made. This clinically practical, accurate, simple measurement replaces multiple-measurement, time-consuming methods, and allows daily routine follow-up, the authors reported.