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The Cambrian Period witnessed the most rapid and widespread diversification of life in Earth's history, known as the Cambrian explosion, in which most modern phyla first appeared. Fish, arthropods, amphibians, reptiles, and synapsids all evolved during the Paleozoic. Life began in the ocean but eventually transitioned onto land, and by the late Paleozoic, it was dominated by various forms of organisms.
Most creepily, this era is sometimes referred to as the Age of the Cockroaches, because roaches' ancient ancestor (Archimylacris eggintoni) was found all across the globe during the Carboniferous. The last period of the Paleozoic was the Permian Period, which began 299 million years ago and wrapped up 251 million years ago.