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A gene mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people.Mutations range in size; they can affect anywhere from a single DNA building block (base pair) to a large segment of a chromosome that includes multiple genes. gene mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people.
A mutation is a change in the base sequence of DNA that can affect the structure and function of proteins when they occur within a gene. Mutations can be spontaneously caused by copying errors during DNA replication or induced by exposure to external elements such as chemical mutagens, radiation or viruses. Cystic fibrosis is an example of a disease which can result from a nonsense mutation (this may not be the only cause though). 2  Frameshift mutations occur when the addition or removal of a base alters the reading frame of the gene.