In women, premature delivery, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM),4 obesity, Cesarean section and endocrine disturbances can either delay or suppress lactogenesis II and affect the successful establishment of lactation (18).
third spacing is a shift of fluid into the interstitial spaces--where there is little fluid normally perfusing. this patient differs from the pt with generalized edema because the third spacing is just that... all the fluid has shifted from the other compartments and although they look all puffy and full of fluid, they are actually hypovolemic.
A meniscus is the curved surface at the top of a column of liquid. In a science class, this liquid is usually water or some sort of aqueous solution, and the column is usually a graduated cylinder or a pipet. As you may have noticed, when water is in such a thin glass tube, it does not have a flat surface at the top.