FAA requirements are 40 hours to get your private license, but it typically takes around 60-80 hours, and the most commonly quoted approximate price I've always heard is about $10,000 for everything: ground school, flight training, materials, etc.
C++ is used today in any field that requires performance, like Gaming for instance. C++ is also very reliable and is the prime choice for embedded systems, which must be reliable to work and not cause exceptions. C++ can be used to create virtual...
No. C++ is a superset of C; (almost) anything you can do in C, you can do in C++. If you already know C, you will easily adapt to the object-oriented features of C++. If you don't know C, you will have to learn the syntax of C-style languages while learning C++, but you shouldn't have any conceptual difficulties.