a) It's caused by bacteria. Pericoronitis is an infection. It's caused by normal oral bacteria, like those found in dental plaque. It's the gum relationship around a partially-erupted tooth that allows pericoronitis to occur.
A futures exchange or futures market is a central financial exchange where people can trade standardized futures contracts; that is, a contract to buy specific quantities of a commodity or financial instrument at a specified price with delivery set at a specified time in the future. These types of contracts fall into the category of derivatives. The opposite of the futures market is the spots market, where trades will occur immediately (2 business days) after a transaction agreement has been made, rather than at a predetermined time in the future.
Like all financial derivatives, futures have a finite lifespan and both parties still holding in the futures contract through expiration date is expected to fulfill the terms of the contract and either exchange the actual underlying asset (physical settlement) or the cash difference (cash settlement).