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The Cambrian Period witnessed the most rapid and widespread diversification of life in Earth's history, known as the Cambrian explosion, in which most modern phyla first appeared. Fish, arthropods, amphibians, reptiles, and synapsids all evolved during the Paleozoic. Life began in the ocean but eventually transitioned onto land, and by the late Paleozoic, it was dominated by various forms of organisms.
As the climate grew cooler and drier, the evolution of amphibians slowed and the appearance of amniotes lead to a new evolutionary path. 1  When Giant Amphibians Ruled the Earth. 2  How Science Reconstructs the Evolution of Trees and Forests. 3  The Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionary Innovation At Work. 4  The Basics of Vertebrate Evolution.