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1 Covariation: Changes in the assumed cause (X) are related to changes in the assumed effect (Y). Changing X results in a predictable change in Y.  Temporal Precedence: The assumed cause must occur before the asssumed effect.
By contrast, this method determines which potential causes existed when an effect happened, and were not present when the effect did not happen. For example, causal reasoning is used to suggest that humanity is contributing to Global Warming.