Mitochondrial research expanded in the late twentieth century after the invention of the electron microscope, and with the development of molecular genetic techniques, such as DNA sequencing and the use of enzymes that cut DNA at certain sites, called restriction endonuclease enzymes.ithin each mitochondrion is the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is different from the DNA in the cell's nucleus (nDNA). Organisms inherit their mitochondria only from their mothers via egg cells (oocytes).
Splenomegaly is a term which refers to enlargement of the spleen. The normal adult splenic length upper limit is usually around 12-15 cm.he causes of splenomegaly are protean, and can be thought of under a number of headings: 1  haematological disease. 2  haemodynamic. 3  infectious. 4  storage diseases/metabolic diseases. 5  neoplastic (non-haematologic).
The normal size of spleen on ultrasound is about 10-12 cm. However, having a spleen size of about 12 cm is considered to be the edge of normal size of spleen In fact, patients with spleen of this size are normally instructed to undergo other examinations to be certain that everything is all right.