Mitochondrial research expanded in the late twentieth century after the invention of the electron microscope, and with the development of molecular genetic techniques, such as DNA sequencing and the use of enzymes that cut DNA at certain sites, called restriction endonuclease enzymes.ithin each mitochondrion is the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is different from the DNA in the cell's nucleus (nDNA). Organisms inherit their mitochondria only from their mothers via egg cells (oocytes).
Splenomegaly is a term which refers to enlargement of the spleen. The normal adult splenic length upper limit is usually around 12-15 cm.he causes of splenomegaly are protean, and can be thought of under a number of headings: 1  haematological disease. 2  haemodynamic. 3  infectious. 4  storage diseases/metabolic diseases. 5  neoplastic (non-haematologic).
Cirrhosis with portal hypertension, splenic vein occlusion (thrombosis), or congestive heart failure (CHF) with increased venous pressure causes congestive splenomegaly. In patients receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, splenomegaly may result from hepatic sinusoidal obstructive syndrome caused by the chemotherapy; use of bevacizumab may reduce the splenomegaly in these cases.