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Breakaway torque is the rotating force required to break the head loose, going in the same direction as applied-tightening. This will usually give a value HIGHER than the original tightening torque because dynamic (when the bolt was tightened) is lower than static (when you try to break loose the bolt head). This is how it is defined by torque testing standards. If the breakaway is measured in reverse (loosening), you will usually get even higher readings because the bolt head generally digs in and forms small burrs and indents THAT ARE DIRECTIONAL-like a ratchet. It is incorrect to check breakaway by loosening.
Preload is the tension created in a fastener when it is tightened. This tensile force in the bolt creates a compressive force in the bolted joint known as clamp force. For practical purposes, the clamp force in an unloaded bolted joint is assumed to be equal and opposite of the preload.ither is acceptable, however a torque value defined for tightening the head does not necessarily apply to tightening the nut. Tightening the head vs. the nut can result in different nut factors and therefore change the torque required to achieve proper preload.