In women, premature delivery, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM),4 obesity, Cesarean section and endocrine disturbances can either delay or suppress lactogenesis II and affect the successful establishment of lactation (18).
third spacing is a shift of fluid into the interstitial spaces--where there is little fluid normally perfusing. this patient differs from the pt with generalized edema because the third spacing is just that... all the fluid has shifted from the other compartments and although they look all puffy and full of fluid, they are actually hypovolemic.
Meniscus is the curve of the upper surface in any liquid. It can be convex with is the curving outward or bulge outward. Concave is just the opposite. Cohesion is the ability of water molecules to cling to each other because of hydrogen bonds. Adhesion is the ability of water to cling to other polar surfaces, a result of water's polarity.