79). The use of the word pluralism to describe this Madisonian-style vision of interest-group politics rose to prominence in the decades following World War II in the writings of such prominent American political scientists as David B. Truman and Robert A. Dahl.
Plantar fasciitis is an inflammation at the point where the ligament inserts at the heel bone. The cause of the heel pain can be a combination of several factors: obesity, flat feet or high-arched feet, overuse, or a tendency to roll your feet inwards when you walk.Shoe disaster: No support, open back, worn-down heels.he cause of the heel pain can be a combination of several factors: obesity, flat feet or high-arched feet, overuse, or a tendency to roll your feet inwards when you walk. Shoe disaster: No support, open back, worn-down heels.
Stress fractures are a common cause of pain on top of the foot. Metatarsal fractures are also a common cause. Fractures can be caused by repetitive movements, weak muscles, improper alignment of the bones in the lower extremity, arthritis, reduced bone density, and injury or trauma. Diseases such as gout, diabetes, tendonitis, and arthritis also lead to top-of-foot pain. Occasionally the nerves become traumatized when pressure is applied to them. A tight pair of shoes can cause pressure. Hormonal imbalances, such as occur during pregnancy or menopause, can also cause the top of the foot to ache.