The chemical reactivity of benzene contrasts with that of the alkenes in that substitution reactions occur in preference to addition reactions, as illustrated in the following diagram (some comparable reactions of cyclohexene are shown in the green box).. A two-step mechanism has been proposed for these electrophilic substitution reactions. In the first, slow or rate-determining, step the electrophile forms a sigma-bond to the benzene ring, generating a positively charged benzenonium intermediate.
Ltd. is the abbreviation for limited. The term is designed to advise that the shareholders or owners of this type of enterprise is limited. Specifically, the shareholders or owners have limited responsibility for the debts and obligations of the business enterprise, according to InvestorWords.com.arning. Merely adding ltd. to the end of a business's name does not, in and of itself, limit liability. Rather, the company must appropriately be established in the first place, complying with the organizational laws of the jurisdiction where created.
What is a PTY LTD Company. Pty Ltd is an abbreviation for Proprietary Limited. Proprietary means the company is privately held and the Limited means the liability of the shareholders to pay the debts of the company is limited by the amount of shares.Australian Pty Ltd companies have a few requirements and restrictions:1  Must have at least one director that lives in Australia.roprietary means the company is privately held and the Limited means the liability of the shareholders to pay the debts of the company is limited by the amount of shares. Australian Pty Ltd companies have a few requirements and restrictions: 1  Must have at least one director that lives in Australia.