The study of ADRs is the concern of the field known as pharmacovigilance. An adverse drug event (ADE) refers to any injury occurring at the time a drug is used, whether or not it is identified as a cause of the injury. An ADR is a special type of ADE in which a causative relationship can be shown.
In 2010 a virtual Whoâs Who of conservative economists and pundits sent an open letter to Ben Bernanke warning that his policies risked âcurrency debasement and inflation.â Prominent politicians like Representative Paul Ryan joined the chorus.
Alan Greenspan. Photo Illustration; Greenspan: Alex Wong / Getty; Getty. The Federal Reserve chairman â an economist and a disciple of libertarian icon Ayn Rand â met his first major challenge in office by preventing the 1987 stock-market crash from spiraling into something much worse.