Speaking roughly, normal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are in the range of 0.4 to 4.0 mIU/L. However, each laboratory and test manufacturer identifies its own normal TSH range.
This pressure is typically set slightly higher than atmospheric pressure to prevent atelectasis, decrease inspiratory work of breathing, or improve gas exchange depending on the clinical scenario. This positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is generated by a resistor in the exhalation port of the ventilator (Fig. 2).
Transpulmonary pressure. Transpulmonary pressure is the difference between the alveolar pressure and the intrapleural pressure in the lungs. During human ventilation, air flows because of pressure gradients. Ptp = Palv â Pip. Where Ptp is transpulmonary pressure, Palv is alveolar pressure, and Pip is intrapleural pressure.