Problem 2RCQ: How does pressure at the bottom of a body of water relate to... How does pressure at the bottom of a body of water relate to the weight of water above each square meter of the bottom surface? Chapter , Problem is solved.
The mutations that cause carcinoid tumors often affect the MEN1 gene, the same gene responsible for most familial neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine cancers. But not much is known about exactly what causes these gene changes. Doctors do know that carcinoid tumors start out very small and grow slowly. When patients have parts of their stomach or small intestine removed to treat other diseases, taking a close look under the microscope often shows small groups of neuroendocrine cells that look like tiny carcinoids.
Lung carcinoma is the leading cause of malignant pleural effusions. Malignant effusions are observed in 7 to 15% of all bronchogenic carcinomas at some time during the course of the illness (2, 3, 13, 169). Effusions occur with all histologic types, most frequently with adenocarcinoma (12, 87).pproximately 10% of malignant pleural effusions are due to lymphoma. According to reports in the early 1940s, in Hodgkin's disease, pleural effusions develop in 16% of patients, pleural thickening in 7%; the figures were, respectively, 15 and 11% in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 2 and 4% in leukemia (11).