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However, the purpose of the Apgar test is to determine quickly whether a newborn needs immediate medical care; it was not designed to make long-term predictions on a child's health. A score of 10 is uncommon due to the prevalence of transient cyanosis, and is not substantially different from a score of 9.
Virginia Apgar, an obstetrical anesthesiologist and professor at Columbia University, created the Apgar score in 1952. She was interested in studying the effects of anesthesia given to laboring mothers on their newborn babies. As part of her research, she developed the Apgar score. Although the score was named after its creator, APGAR is also an acronym for the different areas evaluated that make up the score: Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration. Each area receives a score of 0, 1 or 2, and all categories are totaled for a final score.