(mÄ«'tÉ-kÅn'drÄ-Én) Plural mitochondria. A structure in the cytoplasm of all cells except bacteria in which food molecules (sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids) are broken down in the presence of oxygen and converted to energy in the form of ATP. Mitochondria have an inner and outer membrane. The inner membrane has many twists and folds (called cristae), which increase the surface area available to proteins and their associative reactions. The inner membrane encloses a liquid containing DNA, RNA, small ribosomes, and solutes.
By Tom Burden, Last updated: 1/25/2017. Recreational boats operating at night are required to display navigation lights between sunset and sunrise. Recent changes to the Inland Navigation Rules make them nearly identical to the International Rules, so we will describe the International Rules to simplify the choices.
A steady red light marks the port (left) side of a boat; a steady green light marks the starboard (right). White lights are masthead lights or stern lights on the back of the boat. They make the boat visible at night. A steady yellow light marks the stern (back) of a tug pushing barges. The position of the lights on a boat has significance. Large ships have white lights on two masts. The forward mast light is the lower of the two white lights, making it possible to tell which way a ship is moving. Law. The size, type, color and visibility of a ship's colored lights is dictated by the U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Rules.