Charles John Huffam Dickens was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime, and by the 20th century critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius. His novels and short stories enjoy lasting popularity. Born in Portsmouth, Dickens left school to work in a factory when his father was incarcerate
So all in all, there are 6 electrons that are involve in the bonding (3 bonding pairs) and 2 electrons that are non-bonding (1 non-bonding pair) since the two of its valence electrons did not pair up to form a bond. Carbon on the other hand has 4 valence electrons coming from Group IVA and thus will need four electrons more to have an 8. Each of these 4 valence electrons will pair up with an incoming. atom to form 4 bonds and consequently will have four bonding pairs and none non-bonding pair.
The type of bond an atom forms is relative to the behavior of their valence electrons and electronegativity values. The difference in electronegativity between atoms determines if they form a covalent bond or a ionic bond. In an ionic bond, one atom donates its valence electrons to another atom. The electron donor becomes positively charged, and the electron receiver becomes negatively charged. These charged particles become attracted to each other and bond to become stable and neutralize their charges. In a covalent bond, atoms share valence electrons. This allows the atoms to stabilize their inherent charges and become unreactive. Atoms that belong to the noble gas group of elements are generally unreactive and do not form chemical bonds because their valence electron shells are completely full and balanced.