Speaking roughly, normal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are in the range of 0.4 to 4.0 mIU/L. However, each laboratory and test manufacturer identifies its own normal TSH range.
This pressure is typically set slightly higher than atmospheric pressure to prevent atelectasis, decrease inspiratory work of breathing, or improve gas exchange depending on the clinical scenario. This positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is generated by a resistor in the exhalation port of the ventilator (Fig. 2).
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP): CPAP is a fixed positive pressure throughout the respiratory cycle. CPAP appears to be more effective in reducing the need for tracheal intubation and possibly mortality in patients presenting with with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (ACPE). Bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP): 1  BiPAP is when the ventilator delivers different levels of pressure during inspiration (IPAP) and expiration (EPAP). 2  BiPAP ventilation appears to be more effective in reducing mortality and the need for tracheal intubation in patients with an acute decompensation of COPD.