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Quick Answer. Endometrial hyperplasia is an abnormal thickening of the lining of the uterus, according to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. The condition usually develops during menopause and perimenopause when ovulation is irregular or absent. It can also occur in women affected by polycystic ovary syndrome or obesity.
But in most cases of endometrial cancer, the endometrium has built up and has not shed and thinned. The lining has remained thick. This is called endometrial hyperplasia. This is a precancer stage, and the cells can grow quickly and out of control. These fast-growing cells are cancer cells. As the cancerous cells multiply, they form a mass of tissue, which can cause vaginal bleeding. Especially after menopause, this abnormal bleeding is a reason to call your doctor. Of women who have endometrial cancer after menopause, most have vaginal bleeding.