Renal stone: A stone in the kidney (or lower down in the urinary tract). Also called a kidney stone. Renal stones are a common cause of blood in the urine and pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. Kidney stones occur in 1 in 20 people at some time in their life. The development of the stones is related to decreased urine volume or increased excretion of stone-forming components such as calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine, and phosphate.
In general, antibody tests that use blood can detect HIV slightly sooner after infection than tests done with oral fluid. It can take 3 to 12 weeks (21-84 days) for an HIV-positive personâs body to make enough antibodies for an antibody test to detect HIV infection. This is called the window period.
Results of PVL tests are usually given as copies per milliliter (mL) of blood. PVL tests measure how much HIV RNA is in a sample of your blood. RNA is the blueprint that HIV uses to make more of the virus.Each HIV virus carries 2 copies of RNA. This means that if there are 20,000 HIV RNA copies per mL on your test report, 10,000 virus particles are present in each mL of your blood.The amount of HIV in your blood may change.he amount of HIV in your blood is called your viral load.. The lower the viral load, the less amount of the HIV virus. If your doctor knows your viral load, he or she can tell more about your risk of health problems caused by HIV infection.