Since summer (and other seasons) can begin and end on different days each year on the astronomical calendar, it can be hard to compare seasons from year to year in this way. To standardize the length and start of the seasons, in meteorology, the 12 months of the year have been split up into four, 3-month periods. Therefore, in the meteorological calendar, summer includes the months of June, July and August - always starting on 1 June and ending on 31 August.
NADPH or NADP plus stands for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate. NADPH is created in the Stoma on the duration of light reactions accumulation. NADPH or NADP plus stands for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate. NADPH is created in the Stoma on the duration of light reactions accumulation.
The ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used to make sugars in the next stage of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle. In another form of the light reactions, called cyclic photophosphorylation, electrons follow a different, circular path and only ATP (no NADPH) is produced.