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Mastoiditis is a serious bacterial infection that affects the mastoid bone behind the ear. It's usually more common in children, although adults can also sometimes be affected. The mastoid bone has a honeycomb-like structure that contains air spaces called mastoid cells.
Depending on the specific condition in patientâs ear, an operation on the mastoid bone to control infection may be done, together with a procedure to restore hearing. This procedure is called a tympanomastoidectomy. The mastoid is a honeycomb cavity in the temporal bone, which lies directly behind the ear and is connected to the middle ear space. When a hole arises in the eardrum due to previous injury or infection, or when a long-standing infection persists with tissue in the middle ear or mastoid, mastoid surgery often becomes necessary to alleviate this infection. This part of the procedure is called mastoidectomy. The procedure used to restore or retain hearing is called a tympanoplasty. âTympanumâ refers to the middle ear cavity; âplastyâ means ârepair ofâ; thus âtympanoplasty.â