The study of ADRs is the concern of the field known as pharmacovigilance. An adverse drug event (ADE) refers to any injury occurring at the time a drug is used, whether or not it is identified as a cause of the injury. An ADR is a special type of ADE in which a causative relationship can be shown.
In 2010 a virtual Whoâs Who of conservative economists and pundits sent an open letter to Ben Bernanke warning that his policies risked âcurrency debasement and inflation.â Prominent politicians like Representative Paul Ryan joined the chorus.
Lawrence Summers is a professor at and past president of Harvard University. He was treasury secretary from 1999 to 2001 and an economic adviser to President Obama from 2009 through 2010. There is now a consensus that the United States should substantially raise its level of infrastructure investment.