The chemical reactivity of benzene contrasts with that of the alkenes in that substitution reactions occur in preference to addition reactions, as illustrated in the following diagram (some comparable reactions of cyclohexene are shown in the green box).. A two-step mechanism has been proposed for these electrophilic substitution reactions. In the first, slow or rate-determining, step the electrophile forms a sigma-bond to the benzene ring, generating a positively charged benzenonium intermediate.
Ltd. is the abbreviation for limited. The term is designed to advise that the shareholders or owners of this type of enterprise is limited. Specifically, the shareholders or owners have limited responsibility for the debts and obligations of the business enterprise, according to InvestorWords.com.arning. Merely adding ltd. to the end of a business's name does not, in and of itself, limit liability. Rather, the company must appropriately be established in the first place, complying with the organizational laws of the jurisdiction where created.
For the Australian-built vehicle of the same name, see Ford LTD (Australia) . The Ford LTD (pronounced el-tee-dee) is a car that was manufactured by Ford for the North American market, with some vehicles made and sold in South America.A range of full-size cars wore various forms of the LTD nameplate from 1964 to 1991 in the United States. 1975: Following the discontinuation of the Galaxie series after 1974, Ford sought to fill its place by expanding the LTD trim lineup. 2  Above the Custom 500 was the standard LTD, the LTD Brougham, and newly introduced for 1975, the LTD Landau.