Since chest tubes have been routinely used to drain the pleural space, particularly after lung surgery, the management of chest tubes is considered to be essential for the thoracic surgeon. The pleural drainage system requires effective drainage, suction, and water-sealing.
1 The Passport Card can be used on cruises to the Caribbean and Bermuda, in addition to land border crossings to Canada and Mexico.  The US State Department started accepting applications for the Passport Card on February 1st, 2008.
Passport cards offer a cheaper option to the $135-plus cost of a passport book and can be used for land border crossings and cruises to Mexico and Canada. In addition to a passport, many countries require visitors to obtain visas before or upon entering their country, and costs vary.