Abnormal, harmful, or undesirable effect on an organism that causes anatomical or functional damage, irreversible physical changes, or increases the susceptibility to other biological, chemical, or environmental stresses.
Optometrists can prescribe glasses, contact lenses, eye exercises, vision aids and therapy, and (in some states) oral and topical medications to treat certain eye diseases. Ophthalmologists are doctors of the eye. They have graduated from medical school and are licensed to practice medicine, so their credentials are either doctor of medicine (MD) or doctor of osteopathy (DO).
Doctorsâ self prescribing. Itâs dangerous and unethical but legal and widespread. Doctors who prescribe drugs for and treat themselves, their family, and friends often see this as a professional privilege. But clinicians who use their expertise to prescribe drugs for themselves and those close to them could be fuelling addictions.