Spinal Fluid Leaks. The spinal cord and nerves are covered by a protective watertight sac of tissue (dura mater). During a spinal surgery, it is not uncommon for a rupture or tear to occur in this dura mater. If this happens, spinal fluid will begin to leak. If the tear is noticed during the surgery, it is repaired and usually heals uneventfully. If a tear occurs and is not noticed, the tear may heal on its own.
1 The cost benefit of kidney transplantation compared to dialysis over a period of ten years (the median transplant survival time) is Â£241,000 or Â£24,100 per year for each year that the patient has a functioning transplanted kidney.  In 2008-09, 2,497 people received a kidney transplant.
In addition, the increased use of living donor kidneys can reduce costs, since those kidneys tend to function better right after the transplant than those from cadaver donors. The cost of kidney dialysis averages about $44,000 per year per patient, using 1993 figures.The average cost for the transplant patients in our study, including the transplant surgery and medical care for the first year following surgery was $89,939.After the first year, costs for the transplant patients averaged $16,043; mostly for medications to prevent rejection.he analysis found that after 2.7 years, the medical system saves about $27,000 per year for each patient who has a transplant instead of remaining on kidney dialysis.