Transparency International (TI) has published the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) since 1995, annually ranking countries by their perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys.. The CPI generally defines corruption as the misuse of public power for private benefit..
The Vehicle Born Improvised Explosive Device (VBIED) is but the latest such incarnation of a very old theme - but with a deadly, sometime mass destructive force. The DHS defines this as a potential weapon of mass destruction.
Zener diode used as an ESD protection means. The figure to the right shows another ESD protection means commonly employed to protect laser diodes. In this scheme, a Zener diode is connected anti-parallel with the laser diode. There are several problems with this technique.SD polarity terminology used on this web site. The term âpositive-ESDâ is used to mean electrostatic discharge (ESD) whose voltage polarity would tend to forward-bias a laser diode. âNegative-ESD,â means ESD whose voltage polarity would tend to reverse-bias a laser diode.