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Answer by Surfbanana. Confidence votes 22. Helicase and RNA polymerase separate DNA strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases. Helicase parts the strands of DNA during DNA replication, and RNA polymerase parts them during transcription. The enzyme that separates DNA in called DNA helicases. There are two of them that work away from the origin of replication, creating in bubble in the DNA molecule.
The DNA double helix is held together by two types of bonds, covalent and hydrogen. Covalent bonds occur within each linear strand and strongly bond the bases, sugars, and phosphate groups (both within each component and between components). Hydrogen bonds occur between the two strands and involve a base from one strand with a base from the second in complementary pairing. These hydrogen bonds are individually weak but collectively quite strong. 3. A primer is a short segment of RNA that is synthesized by primase using DNA as a template during DNA replication. Once the primer is synthesized, DNA polymerase then adds DNA to the 3Â´ end of the RNA.