Linkage disequilibrium and recombination. - in our treatment of population genetics up to this point we have assumed that the transmission. of alleles at a given locus across generations are independent of alleles at a second locus. - we have also assumed that the fitnesses of genotypes at one locus are not affected by genotypes. at another locus.
Footnote references should be placed outside punctuation, but inside the closing parenthesis when referring to matter within parentheses. A lot depends on what style manual you follow.
In these cases, the footnote will not include a citation because the ideas or findings presented belong to you. In all of the cases above, the standards of academic integrity require both citing the source in the text of your essay and its incorporation into your bibliography.