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DNS associates host names with their IP addresses. A complete domain name (that is, an FQDN) includes the name of the host concatenated with its domain name. This naming convention allows for a hierarchy of domain names with the host name being the most specific (and left-most) part.
The IP address assigned to the host has a network ID part, which identifies what IP subnet that host is on. This is in the high-order bits of the IP address. How many high-order bits are allocated for this purpose is determined by the netmask. The remaining low-order bits of the IP address are the host ID. So, if your host's IP address is 1.2.3.4, and the netmask is 255.255.255.0, then the network ID part of that IP address is 1.2.3.0/24 (the /24 means that only the high-order 24 bits are significant) and the host ID part of that IP address is the remaining low-order byte .4.