Mariner 9, the first spacecraft to successfully go into orbit around Mars launched on May 30, 1971, and arrived November 13, 1971 for a duration of 167 days. This is the same pattern that has held up for more almost 50 years of Mars exploration: approximately 150-300 days.
Enigma was invented by the German engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World War I. Early models were used commercially from the early 1920s, and adopted by military and government services of several countries, most notably Nazi Germany before and during World War II.
What French mathematician built and sold the first gear-driven mechanical machine that did addition and subtraction? Blaise Pascal who built the first mechanical machine that did addition subtraction multiplication and division? Leibniz who designed the first mechanical machine that included memory? who was considered the first programmer? who proposed that a punched card be used for counting the census?