Mariner 9, the first spacecraft to successfully go into orbit around Mars launched on May 30, 1971, and arrived November 13, 1971 for a duration of 167 days. This is the same pattern that has held up for more almost 50 years of Mars exploration: approximately 150-300 days.
Enigma was invented by the German engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World War I. Early models were used commercially from the early 1920s, and adopted by military and government services of several countries, most notably Nazi Germany before and during World War II.
Alan Turing: The man who cracked the Enigma code. Code-breaking played a fundamental part in the Allied forcesâ victory in the Second World War. The Germans had invented an âEnigma machineâ, which was used to encrypt secret messages containing important military information, such as the positions of their deadly U-boats.