Executive summary. NaOH (sodium hydroxide or caustic soda) is a by-product of the chlorine-alkali. process. As this process is determined by the long-term demand for chlorine, changes. in demand for NaOH does not affect the output of NaOH from this process. An analysis of the NaOH market reveals that long-term changes in demand for NaOH.
2015 Average Federal Income Taxes Paid by State. The average taxpayer in the United States paid $12,978 in federal income taxes in 2015. How does that compare to where you live?
In 2010, the federal tax rate for the bottom quintile of the income distribution was 1.5 per-cent and that for the top quintile was 24.0 percent (see Figure 1). The top 1 percent of all households in the United States had an average federal tax rate of 29.4 percent in 2010.uch of the progressivity of the federal tax system derives from the individual income tax. In 2010, the lowest quintileâs average rate for the individual income tax was -9.2 percent and the second income quintileâs rate was -2.3 percent (see Figure 6 and see Table 2 on page 9).