Mariner 9, the first spacecraft to successfully go into orbit around Mars launched on May 30, 1971, and arrived November 13, 1971 for a duration of 167 days. This is the same pattern that has held up for more almost 50 years of Mars exploration: approximately 150-300 days.
Enigma was invented by the German engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World War I. Early models were used commercially from the early 1920s, and adopted by military and government services of several countries, most notably Nazi Germany before and during World War II.
The Enigma was by no means the only cipher machine used by the Germans during WWII. In fact the Enigma, of which over 20,000 units were produced, was mainly used at a tactical level, whilst the German High Command used other machines, such as the Siemens T-52 Geheimschreiber and the Lorenz SZ-40/42 teleprinter add-on.he history of the Enigma machine is extremely complex. There were many different models and variations, and they were used by many different customers. During the war, a mixture of military and commercial Enigma machines were used by different branches of the war machine.