Patients should discuss the specifics of this procedure with their radiation oncologist. Brachytherapy is one type of radiation therapy used to treat cancer. Radiation therapy is the use of a type of energy, called ionizing radiation, to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
Colorado River Toad. The Colorado River toad (Bufo=Incilius alvarius) is a large mainly terrestrial toad ranging in length from 4.3 to 7.4 inches (110 to 187 mm). It has leathery skin that ranges in color from olive brown to black with a few, low rounded bumps and enlarged glands on the back of the limbs.
There are seven species in this family. Spadefoot toads get their name from the hard, sharp, bony spade on their hind feet that they use to dig burrows. Spadefoots have round, stocky bodies; short, rounded snouts; large, bulging eyes; and smooth skin. American spadefoot toads are found in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Spadefoots also have vertical pupils in their eyes. Other toad and frog species have horizontal pupils. There is a separate family of spadefoot toads found in Europe, Asia, and Africa, Pelobatidae, that shares many of the same characteristics of American spadefoot toads. In North America, the eastern spadefoot toad is the only spadefoot found east of the Mississippi River. It is found from southern New England south to Florida and west to Pennsylvania, Ohio, Missouri, Arkansas, and Louisiana. The eastern spadefoot toad is 2-3 inches in length and has a stocky body and bulging eyes with vertical pupils.