Vasodilation is the result of relaxation in smooth muscle surrounding the blood vessels. This relaxation, in turn, relies on removing the stimulus for contraction, which depends on intracellular calcium ion concentrations and is tightly linked with phosphorylation of the light chain of the contractile protein myosin.
Cost & Financing. The cost of liver spot removal depends on the treatment used and how many sessions are needed, but a basic laser treatment is generally around $575 per session. Because liver spots are mostly cosmetic, insurance may or may not cover the treatments.
For patients not covered by health insurance, the cost of a liver biopsy ranges from $2,000 to $7,000 or more. For patients not covered by health insurance, the cost of a kidney biopsy ranges from $3,000 to $10,000. A biopsy would be considered medically necessary when ordered by a doctor and would almost always be covered by health insurance.