Oral route. Many drugs can be administered orally as liquids, capsules, tablets, or chewable tablets. Because the oral route is the most convenient and usually the safest and least expensive, it is the one most often used. However, it has limitations because of the way a drug typically moves through the digestive tract.
Measuring Distances to Stars. Astronomers use several techniques for discovering how far away an object is. The first is called trigonometric parallax and is based on geometry, but it is only good for up to about 500 light-years.
The stars to the left are magnitude 13 and 18, so they differ by a factor of 100. Similarly, a magnitude 1 star is 100 times brighter than a magnitude 6 star. This might seem confusing to you, but astronomers have used magnitude for thousands of years. Astronomers measure distance in light-years. One light-year is the distance light travels in one year: 9,458,000,000,000 kilometers. A light-year is a long way: to go one light-year in the Space Shuttle would take you about 40,000 years! The table below shows magnitudes and distances for the seven stars that make up Orion.