The systematic study of past human life and culture by the recovery and examination of remaining material evidence, such as graves, buildings, tools, and pottery. [French archÃ©ologie, from New Latin archaeologia, from Greek arkhaiologiÄ, antiquarian lore : arkhaio-, archaeo- + -logiÄ, -logy.]
Mining. In cryptocurrency networks, mining is a validation of transactions. For this effort, successful miners obtain new cryptocurrency as a reward. The reward decreases transaction fees by creating a complementary incentive to contribute to the processing power of the network.
Golden Nonce. A golden nonce in Bitcoin mining is a nonce which results in a hash value lower than the target difficulty. In many practical mining applications, this is simplified to any nonce which has 32 leading zeroes, with a secondary test checking if the actual value is lower than the target difficulty.