Main article: Scholarly peer review. Scholarly peer review (also known as refereeing) is the process of subjecting an author's scholarly work, research, or ideas to the scrutiny of others who are experts in the same field, before a paper describing this work is published in a journal or as a book.
The horrific video of Philando Castile, bleeding to death after being shot four times by police in the course of a traffic stop, is a searing, unforgettable reminder that black people in this country function daily with a level of risk most would find intolerable.
By age 30, Castile had been pulled over 44 times. Three years later, when he was shot dead by a St. Anthony police officer during a July 6 traffic stop in Falcon Heights, Castile had been pulled over by police 49 times. The misdemeanor tickets cost him more than $7,000.