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For fluorine it is 2 s 2, 2 p 5, for chlorine 3 s 2, 3 p 5 for bromine 4 s 2, 4 p 5, and for iodine it is 5 s 2, 5 p 5. In short, all the halogens have 7 electrons at the outermost quantum level or 5 electrons in the outermost p orbitals.
Example: Let's determine the number of valence electrons in the chlorate (ClO 3 -) ion. A chlorine atom (Group VIIA) has seven valence electrons and each oxygen atom (Group VIA) has six valence electrons. Because the chlorate ion has a charge of -1, this ion contains one more electron than a neutral ClO 3 molecule.Thus, the ClO 3 - ion has a total of 26 valence electrons. ClO 3 - : 7 + 3(6) + 1 = 26. The second step in this process involves deciding which atoms in the molecule are connected by covalent bonds.ecause the chlorate ion has a charge of -1, this ion contains one more electron than a neutral ClO 3 molecule. Thus, the ClO 3 - ion has a total of 26 valence electrons. ClO 3 - : 7 + 3(6) + 1 = 26. The second step in this process involves deciding which atoms in the molecule are connected by covalent bonds.