The patient then waited through an extended period for healing. Then, in a surgery similar to those done to create vaginas for intersexed patients, surgeons constructed the patient's vagina by using skin grafts taken from her thighs or buttocks (Christine's vaginoplasty surgery was in 1954).
Experiments can be done in the field or in a laboratory. They can involve human or animal subjects. What distinguishes the type of experiment is the degree to which the experimenter can assign subjects to conditions. Three types are described here: True, Quasi- and Single-subject experiments. In a true experiment, subjects are randomly assigned to the treatment conditions (levels of the independent variable).
This module discusses internal and external validity in quasi-experimental research studies and addresses threats to validity. Learning Objectives: Define internal and external validity. Describe threats to validity in quasi-experimental research. Discuss ways to address threats to validity and provide examples.