What is the definition of a dominant trait in biology? What is the difference between biology and AP biology? What is the difference between molecular biology and cell biology?
DNA gyrase, often referred to simply as gyrase, is an enzyme that relieves strain while double-strand DNA is being unwound by helicase. It is also known as DNA topoisomerase II. This causes negative supercoiling of the DNA. Bacterial DNA gyrase is the target of many antibiotics, including nalidixic acid, novobiocin, and ciprofloxacin.
The DNA gyrase of E. coli facilitates the initiation step by its negative supercoiling of DNA that could promotes the unpairing of the strands before a helicase (4). Gyrase hydrolyzes ATP to ADP and Pi in the presence of DNA (4). This reaction is highly specific for ATP (4). Gyrase also relaxes negative supercoils in the absence of ATP but cannot relax positive supercoils (4). Mechanism of supercoiling is as follows (4).