What is the definition of a dominant trait in biology? What is the difference between biology and AP biology? What is the difference between molecular biology and cell biology?
DNA gyrase, often referred to simply as gyrase, is an enzyme that relieves strain while double-strand DNA is being unwound by helicase. It is also known as DNA topoisomerase II. This causes negative supercoiling of the DNA. Bacterial DNA gyrase is the target of many antibiotics, including nalidixic acid, novobiocin, and ciprofloxacin.
The entire genome of one M. tuberculosis strain has been sequenced, and the M. leprae genome sequence will soon be completed. These dangerous, very slow growing mycobacterial pathogens are difficult to manipulate. Mycobacterium genes are poorly expressed from their own promoters in E. coli. Therefore the relatively fast growing, non-pathogenic M. smegmatis is often used as a host strain for gene cloning.