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Definition. A metric space is a set X together with a function d (called a metric or distance function) which assigns a real number d (x, y) to every pair x, y X satisfying the properties (or axioms): 1  d (x, y) 0 and d (x, y) = 0 x = y, 2  d (x, y) = d (y, x), 3  d (x, y) + d (y, z) d (x, z).
A normed vector space is a pair (V, âÂ·â) where V is a vector space and âÂ·â a norm on V.A seminormed vector space is a pair (V, p) where V is a vector space and p a seminorm on V.imilarly, for any semi-normed vector space we can define the distance between two vectors u and v as â u â v â. This turns the seminormed space into a pseudometric space (notice this is weaker than a metric) and allows the definition of notions such as continuity and convergence.