The symptoms of pericarditis depend on the type, but may include: 1  high temperature. 2  sweating and chills. 3  breathing problems, such as breathlessness. 4  dry cough. 5  abnormal heart rhythms, such as accelerated heartbeat (tachycardia) 6  sharp and stabbing chest pains. 7  pain radiating into the left shoulder and arm.
It is not always possible to determine what causes low levels of amniotic fluid. Oligohydramnios can be caused by a continuous leaking of amniotic fluid. It can also occur when the fetus has kidney failure. After about four months of pregnancy, the kidneys of a normal fetus will produce the amniotic fluid. If the fetus has kidney abnormalities, the amount of amniotic fluid may be too low.
Pathophysiology. MSUD is caused by a deficiency of the BCKD complex, which catalyses the decarboxylation of the alpha-keto acids of leucine, isoleucine, and valine to their respective branched-chain acyl-CoAs. These are further metabolized to yield acetyl-CoA, acetoacetate, and succinyl-CoA.