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Definition. A metric space is a set X together with a function d (called a metric or distance function) which assigns a real number d (x, y) to every pair x, y X satisfying the properties (or axioms): 1  d (x, y) 0 and d (x, y) = 0 x = y, 2  d (x, y) = d (y, x), 3  d (x, y) + d (y, z) d (x, z).
Dimension (vector space) In mathematics, the dimension of a vector space V is the cardinality (i.e. the number of vectors) of a basis of V over its base field. For every vector space there exists a basis, and all bases of a vector space have equal cardinality; as a result, the dimension of a vector space is uniquely defined.