Lung cancer is the most common cause of clubbing. Clubbing often occurs in heart and lung diseases that reduce the amount of oxygen in the blood. These may include: 1  Heart defects that are present at birth (congenital).
What is a safety management system (SMS)? A safety management system is a systematic approach to managing safety, including organisational structures, accountabilities, policies and procedures.
For the purposes of defining safety management, safety can be defined as: ... the reduction of risk to a level that is as low as is reasonably practicable. There are three imperatives for adopting a safety management system for a business â these are ethical, legal and financial.