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Limestone hills, Cotswolds. The Cotswold hills are made of Oolitic limestone, a type of limestone made up of small round grains. These formed in shallow, warm waters like those found today around Florida and parts of the Caribbean Sea, where calcium carbonate is deposited from sea water due to evaporation.
The black sand at Punaluâu Beach and Kehena Beach, on the Big Island of Hawaiâi, was created virtually instantaneously by the violent interaction between hot lava and cool sea water. Oâahu is thought to have formed about two million years ago. The last time lava flowed on Oâahu was about 5,000-10,000 years ago.