Lung cancer is the most common cause of clubbing. Clubbing often occurs in heart and lung diseases that reduce the amount of oxygen in the blood. These may include: 1  Heart defects that are present at birth (congenital).
What is a safety management system (SMS)? A safety management system is a systematic approach to managing safety, including organisational structures, accountabilities, policies and procedures.
Evolution of Safety Management System (SMS) Safety Management System has been prevalent in many countries for years but safety managers do not know how to talk in an economic language that others would understand the costs of operating in an unsafe environment. In the past, aviation safety improvement was mostly done through investigative approach.