Discussion of Recent Deterrence Studies. The Criminal Justice Legal Foundation has collected many recent deterrence studies, including ones by Hashem Dezhbakhsh, Paul H. Rubin, Joanna M. Shepherd, H. Naci Mocan & R. Kaj Gittings and others claiming a deterrent effect to the death penalty. These studies may be found here.
Spinal headaches are caused by leakage of spinal fluid through a puncture hole in the tough membrane (dura mater) that surrounds the spinal cord. This leakage decreases the pressure exerted by the spinal fluid on the brain and spinal cord, which leads to a headache. Spinal headaches typically appear within 48 hours after a spinal tap or spinal anesthesia.
Often a cervical headache will begin at the base of the skull and spread up toward the forehead, the temples, or the backs of the eyes. The causes of your cervical headaches can be identified by your physician with the help of MRI, CT scan and/or X-ray equipment. If the condition is serious, you may want to consider surgery to address what is causing the pain.