Your eye doctor can estimate the amount of astigmatism you have by shining a light into your eye while manually introducing a series of lenses between the light and your eye. This test is called retinoscopy.
Causes of Ketones in the urine (Ketonuria): See detailed list of causes below. Ketones in the urine (medical symptom): The presence of ketones in the urine. The list of medical condition causes of Ketones in the urine (Ketonuria) includes: 1  Uncontrolled diabetes. 2  Glycogen storage disease.  Starvation.
slide 2 of 5. Phenylketonuria (PKU) Genetics: Mutation of the PAH Gene Phenylketonuria is caused by a mutation of the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene which is found in the q arm of chromosome 12. The PAH gene gives specific instructions for the production of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine.