The atmosphere is quite dusty, giving the Martian sky a light brown or orange-red color when seen from the surface; data from the Mars Exploration Rovers indicate that suspended dust particles of roughly 1.5 micrometres diameter.
Glutamate is a powerful excitatory neurotransmitter that is released by nerve cells in the brain. It is responsible for sending signals between nerve cells, and under normal conditions it plays an important role in learning and memory.
Cartoon summarizing the synthesis, packaging, release, transport, and metabolism of glutamate and GABA. Glutaminase converts glutamine to glutamate, which is converted to GABA by GAD in GABAergic neurons. The neurotransmitters are subsequently transported by vesicular transporters into vesicles for release.eurons cannot perform the net synthesis of glutamate and GABA from glucose due to the fact that neurons lack both the glutamine synthesizing enzyme, GS, and the prevailing anaplerotic enzyme in the brain, pyruvate carboxylase (PC) (Bak et al., 2006, Norenberg and Martinez-Hernandez, 1979 and Yu et al., 1983).