The following glossary of medical terms was assembled as part of a project on medicine from 1760-1830 but it includes some terms from a wider period. I have drawn on several sources, including, with the permission of the author, Medical Terms used in the late 18th Century which appeared on a now obsolete web site written my Melanie McClusky. Information from Dr Johnson's Dictionary, first published in 1755, is shown in red.
Figure 2 is a simple cartoon showing three different types of aquifers: confined, unconfined, and perched. Recharge zones are typically at higher altitudes but can occur wherever water enters an aquifer, such as from rain, snowmelt, river and reservoir leakage, or from irrigation.
Groundwater discharge is the movement of water out of an area of saturated soil. Rainwater seeps into the ground and moves downwards through the soil until a saturated zone is reached, called an aquifer. Here, openings and gaps in the soil and rock are filled with water, called groundwater. The top of this saturated zone is called the water table. Water moves into aquifers in locations called groundwater recharge areas, and moves out of aquifers as groundwater discharge in locations called discharge points.