Bipolar disorder, which used to be called manic depressive illness or manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by wide mood swings from high (manic) to low (depressed). Periods of high or irritable mood are called manic episodes.
James Byrd, Jr. was not engaged in a federally-protected activity when he was lynched and killed. The Matthew Shepard Act expanded the 1969 Federal Hate Crime Law to cover these and other types of brutal murders.
1916: Almost every state had Temperance organizations and statutes that prohibited alcohol consumption. 1919-1920: The Volstead Act, passed on October 28, 1919, clarified the 18th amendment that prohibited all beer, wine, malt liquor or vinous liquors from being manufactured, transported or owned. Since the law didn't go into effect until 1920, many people stocked up a personal supply while it was still legal. 1920-1929: Gangsters (like Al Capone) become violent bootleggers, and violent crimes rises. In 1929, Elliot Ness starts his campaign against Al Capone and other prohibition violators.