One mile north of the junction with U.S. 165 (Monroe Highway) on U.S. 167 southbound. U.S. 165 sees a Business Loop for the cities of Pineville and Alexandria along Military Highway, Main Street, and Murray Street. Photo taken 10/18/03.
What is MANIPULATED VARIABLE? An independent variable one can alter to get a particular effect. For example, for a period of time to see how one's weight changes in response, one can lower one's calories intake, as calories is the manipulated variable, to learn if one's weight depends on the amount of calories one consumes. Evaluating Life Insurance Policies and Provisions.
A confounder is a variable that is correlated (directly or inversely) to the independent variable and correlated to the dependent variable. A lurking variable is a covariate that is not taken in account for by the researchers of the quantitative study. Confounding is a causal concept, and as such, cannot be described in terms of correlations or associations (see causal definition).