According to career resource website Work911, using techniques such as open-ended questioning (i.e., asking questions that require more than a yes or no answer) can allow all parties of a conversation to give their opinions on a subject. This technique can make verbal communication among team members more effective.
Immunofixation fixes certain proteins into place with antibodies and then washes away the others before staining them. On a computer screen, these proteins form a pattern of bands. Peaks and valleys in the bands may mean that you may be making too many or too few of certain proteins.
The reference range for antinuclear antibody is negative by ELISA. If the ELISA method results in an abnormal or equivocal finding, the sample is titered using indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) assays on Hep-2 cells, and any value less than or equal to 1:40 dilution (or < 1.0 IU) is negative.