Bipolar disorder, which used to be called manic depressive illness or manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by wide mood swings from high (manic) to low (depressed). Periods of high or irritable mood are called manic episodes.
James Byrd, Jr. was not engaged in a federally-protected activity when he was lynched and killed. The Matthew Shepard Act expanded the 1969 Federal Hate Crime Law to cover these and other types of brutal murders.
The report identified 6,222 hate crime incidents motivated by bias against a particular race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity, or disability in 2011. This shows a slight decrease from 2010, which saw 6,628 incidents, and 2009, which saw 6,604 incidents.