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Nonmetals also have high electron affinity. This means that it is energetically favorable to add an electron to a nonmetal. So, nonmetals can be easily reduced. Metals tend to have low electron affinity so it is more difficult to add electrons (or reduce them). In short: Metals have low ionization energies and low electron affinities so they are readily oxidized. Nonmetals have high ionization energies and high electron affinities so they are readily reduced.
Non-ferrous alloys â mostly in the form of titanium alloys, super alloys, and magnetic alloys, are believed to account for 4.5% of consumption. Chemical applications represent around 3.5%, while other applications, including batteries, account for the remaining 1% of consumption.