This list is not exclusive, however. Participants in removal schemes also make other equally frivolous arguments. Instead of filing federal income tax returns with the Service, participants in removal schemes frequently send documents and other correspondence to the Service and other Government agencies.
normalize-make normal or cause to conform to a norm or standard; normalize relations with China; normalize the temperature; normalize the spelling.
In the three-dimensional case a surface normal, or simply normal, to a surface at a point P is a vector that is perpendicular to the tangent plane to that surface at P. The word normal is also used as an adjective: a line normal to a plane, the normal component of a force, the normal vector, etc. That is, any vector orthogonal to all in-plane vectors is by definition a surface normal. If a (possibly non-flat) surface S is parameterized by a system of curvilinear coordinates x (s, t), with s and t real variables, then a normal is given by the cross product of the partial derivatives.