Mass Spectrometry. 1. In order to measure the characteristics of individual molecules, a mass spectrometer converts them to ions so that they can be moved about and manipulated by external electric and magnetic fields. The three essential functions of a mass spectrometer, and the associated components, are:
As the tax is set at a fixed amount, insurance companies will be forced to pass the tax on to consumers in the form of higher premiums. This paper estimates the impact of this tax on individuals or, the share of the tax that will be (implicitly) paid by the average insured individual affected by it.
The law requires insurance companies to spend at least 80 percent of premiums on health costs â as opposed to spending on administration and marketing, and, of course, profit. If companies donât meet the 80/20 ratio, they have to issue a rebate to consumers. Large group plans have to meet an 85/15 ratio.