Some rongeurs, such as the Casper pituitary rongeur (Photo 10), have ser-rated jaws to help remove disc and tissue. Micro-disectomy procedures require the use of a microscope, and three rongeurs are commonly used in these procedures to remove disc tissue: the micro straight pituitary rongeur (Photo 11), the Peapod pituitary rongeur (Photo 12), and the Mi-
The currency of Mali is called the West African CFA Franc.
In the 14th century, the great Mali Empire stretched across a large area of West Africa. It spanned from the coast (in modern day Senegal) to beyond Timbuktu (in northern Mali). In the Middle Ages, the empire's riches were famous. A Spanish medieval map (the Catalan Atlas) from 1375 depicts the King of Mali, Mansa Musa. He is drawn sitting on a throne.