dismaynoun [ U ] uk â /dÉªËsmeÉª/ us â /dÉªËsmeÉª/. C2 a feeling of unhappiness and disappointment: Aid workers were said to have been filled with dismay by the appalling conditions that the refugees were living in. The fans watched in/with dismay as their team lost 42â11.
A wide range of diseases and conditions can damage the liver and lead to cirrhosis. The most common causes are: 1  Chronic alcohol abuse. 2  Chronic viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and C)  Fat accumulating in the liver (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease)
Some types of autoimmune diseases that affect the liver can also cause cirrhosis. For example, there is also a disease called primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). In PBC, the bile ducts in the liver are damaged and even destroyed which can lead to cirrhosis. People with advanced PBC have a high risk of liver cancer.