dismaynoun [ U ] uk â /dÉªËsmeÉª/ us â /dÉªËsmeÉª/. C2 a feeling of unhappiness and disappointment: Aid workers were said to have been filled with dismay by the appalling conditions that the refugees were living in. The fans watched in/with dismay as their team lost 42â11.
A wide range of diseases and conditions can damage the liver and lead to cirrhosis. The most common causes are: 1  Chronic alcohol abuse. 2  Chronic viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and C)  Fat accumulating in the liver (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease)
Chronic hepatitis C causes inflammation of the liver that eventually can lead to cirrhosis. Without treatment, about one out of every five people with chronic hepatitis C develops cirrhosis after 20 years. Chronic hepatitis B, which causes damage in a similar way, is another common cause of cirrhosis in the world.