One process for forming crystalline wafers is known as Czochralski growth invented by the Polish chemist Jan Czochralski. In this process, a cylindrical ingot of high purity mono crystalline semiconductor, such as silicon or germanium, called a boule, is formed by pulling a seed crystal from a ' melt '.he boule is then sliced with a wafer saw (wire saw) and polished to form wafers. The size of wafers for photovoltaics is 100â200 mm square and the thickness is 200â300 Î¼m. In the future, 160 Î¼m will be the standard. Electronics use wafer sizes from 100â450 mm diameter.
Main category: Polish surnames. Polish surnames are known from the Middle Ages, but only 200 years ago did the inherited surnames become compulsory. The most common Polish names Nowak, Nowakowski, Nowacki, and Nowicki are variants meaning new, Przybyszewski and Przybylski mean he who has arrived.
Etymology [edit]. In some cases the English and German name is derived from the Middle High German Polan, which means  Poland . The surname originally signified a person with Polish connections.In some cases, particularly in New England, the English Poland is an Americanized form of the French Poulin.ccasionally the surname Poland, Pollane, Powland and Powlesland when found in English people with no Irish ancestry, the origin can be attributed to the village near the town of Odiham, in the county of Hampshire. The village called Poland has nothing whatsoever to do with the country of Poland.