Cut the excess foam (or wood) from the surfboard blank using the jigsaw. Be sure to leave 1 to 1 1/2 inches (2.54 to 3.81 cm) excess from the surfboard template trace; this will give you room to shape without catastrophic error. 1  Saw with extreme caution, especially when cutting around the stringer on the nose.
In chemistry, a vanadate is a compound containing an oxoanion of vanadium generally in its highest oxidation state of +5. 4 anion, which is present in e.g. sodium orthovanadate and in solutions of V2O5 in strong base (pH > 13 ).
The vanadium now has an oxidation state of +3. Removal of another electron gives a more unusual looking ion, VO2+. The vanadium is now in an oxidation state of +4. Notice that the oxidation state isn't simply counting the charge on the ion (that was true for the first two cases but not for this one).