The TTL output stage is a rather complicated pushâpull circuit known as a totem-pole output (the transistors, diode, and resistor in the right-most slice of this TTL logic gate circuit). It sinks currents better than it sources current.
The theory for spontaneous generation refers to the idea that life can produced from nonliving things. Lazzaro Spallanzani proposed in his experiement that air was necessary for spontaneous generation.
Brugnatelli performed electrodeposition of gold using the Voltaic Pile, discovered by his college Allessandro Volta in 1800. Luigi Brugnatelli's work was rebuffed by the dictator Napoleon Bonaparte, which caused Brugnatelli to suppress any further publication of his work.