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p53, also known as TP53 or tumor protein (EC :2.7.1.37) is a gene that codes for a protein that regulates the cell cycle and hence functions as a tumor suppression.It is very important for cells in multicellular organisms to suppress cancer.53 has been described as the guardian of the genome, referring to its role in conserving stability by preventing genome mutation (Strachan and Read, 1999). The name is due to its molecular mass: it is in the 53 kilodalton fraction of cell proteins.
Inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor is a frequent event in tumorigenesis. In most cases, the p53 gene is mutated, giving rise to a stable mutant protein whose accumulation is regarded as a hallmark of cancer cells.Mutant p53 proteins not only lose their tumor suppressive activities but often gain additional oncogenic functions that endow cells with growth and survival advantages.verall, early mutations in the TP53 gene caused by various carcinogens are a typical example of the possible involvement of mutant p53 in tumor initiation and in early stages of tumor development.