Some rongeurs, such as the Casper pituitary rongeur (Photo 10), have ser-rated jaws to help remove disc and tissue. Micro-disectomy procedures require the use of a microscope, and three rongeurs are commonly used in these procedures to remove disc tissue: the micro straight pituitary rongeur (Photo 11), the Peapod pituitary rongeur (Photo 12), and the Mi-
The currency of Mali is called the West African CFA Franc.
The Mali Empire (Manding: Nyeni; English: Niani), also historically referred to as the Manden Kurufaba, was an empire in West Africa from c. 1230 to c. 1610. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Musa. The Manding languages were spoken in the empire. The Mali Empire was the largest in West Africa and profoundly influenced the culture of West Africa through the spread of its language, laws and customs.