The term, sometimes also spelled PaRDeS, is an acronym formed from the same initials of the following four approaches: 1  Peshat (×¤Ö°Ö¼×©Ö¸××â) â surface (straight) or the literal (direct) meaning. 2  Remez (×¨Ö¶×Ö¶×â) â hints or the deep (allegoric: hidden or symbolic) meaning beyond just the literal sense.
Saudi Aramco. Saudi Aramco is the largest and leading world oil company in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. The company is a state-owned company that was founded in 1933 as the California-Arabian Standard Oil Company and renamed in 1988 as the Saudi Aramco.
The global energy consultancy PFC Energy has published the top 50 energy companies of the world for 2009 based on market cap. PetroChina (NYSE:PTR), the integrated National Oil Company [NOC] of China, is the highest ranked company with a market cap of $353 B. PetroChina beat last yearâs winner of the top spot ExxonMobil (NYSE:XOM) of the U.S.