The term, sometimes also spelled PaRDeS, is an acronym formed from the same initials of the following four approaches: 1  Peshat (×¤Ö°Ö¼×©Ö¸××â) â surface (straight) or the literal (direct) meaning. 2  Remez (×¨Ö¶×Ö¶×â) â hints or the deep (allegoric: hidden or symbolic) meaning beyond just the literal sense.
Sinopec is a state-owned Chinese oil company in Beijing and the second largest oil company in the world with an annual revenue of 455.499 billion dollars. Sinopec also deals in oil and gas exploration, production of petrochemicals and sales and distribution services.
By the close of the century, the Guinness brewery was the largest in the world, and the company, Arthur Guinness and Sons, was floated on the London Stock Exchange. The Guinness brand was pushed into markets as far afield as America, Australia, the Far East and Africa, in addition to its strong showing on the continent.