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The proton motive force arises from a combination of the concentration gradient of protons and a voltage gradient across the membrane (the protons are positively charged, so an imbalance of protons means that the side of the membrane with more protons has a positive charge relative to the side with fewer protons).
There are different stages of succession and they each occur in different phases. Primary succession occurs when life begin to develop in an area that did not have any org â¦ anisms existing before and it forms an community. What usually causes succession to occur? In terms of ecology, succession references how species structures change in an ecological community over time.