Bursitis and tendinitis are both common conditions that cause swelling around muscles and bones. They occur most often in the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, or ankle. A bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between a bone and other moving body parts such as muscles, tendons, or skin.
In higher vertebrates, such as reptiles, birds and mammals, there are 12 pairs of cranial nerves. Lower vertebrates, such as fish and amphibians, have 10 pairs of cranial nerves. Continue Reading.
The first two nerves (olfactory and optic) arise from the cerebrum, whereas the remaining ten emerge from the brain stem. The names of the cranial nerves relate to their function and they are also numerically identified in roman numerals (I-XII). In this article, we shall summarise the anatomy of the cranial nerves.