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When someone gets HIV, the body's immune system makes antibodies to try to fight the infection. Most HIV tests available today test for HIV antibodies. If HIV antibodies are present, it means that a person is infected with HIV. One type of HIV test detects the virus itself. This is called an RNA test. RNA testing is more expensive and much less common than antibody tests.
1 The oral test may have a slightly lower sensitivity than blood-based tests. 2  Urine: This test uses a urine sample to detect HIV antibodies (again, not the virus itself) in urine. 3  The accuracy of urine tests is somewhat less than that of blood and oral fluid tests.4  Positive results must be confirmed with a Western blot. A test that returns a positive result is confirmed with a follow-up test such as the Western blot before the client is informed of the results (see HIV Antibody Confirmation Tests below). 2  Oral Fluid: This test uses oral fluid (not saliva) to detect HIV antibodies in cells found in the mouth along the cheeks and gums.