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Reverse osmosis is one of the processes that makes desalination (or removing salt from seawater) possible. Beyond that, reverse osmosis is used for recycling, wastewater treatment, and can even produce energy.
Formally, reverse osmosis is the process of forcing a solvent from a region of high solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane to a region of low solute concentration by applying a pressure in excess of the osmotic pressure.he membranes used for reverse osmosis have a dense layer in the polymer matrixâeither the skin of an asymmetric membrane or an interfacially polymerized layer within a thin-film-composite membraneâwhere the separation occurs.