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When someone gets HIV, the body's immune system makes antibodies to try to fight the infection. Most HIV tests available today test for HIV antibodies. If HIV antibodies are present, it means that a person is infected with HIV. One type of HIV test detects the virus itself. This is called an RNA test. RNA testing is more expensive and much less common than antibody tests.
The two types of antibody tests most commonly used to detect HIV infection are the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoassay) and Western blot tests. These tests are very accurate, but they are only able to detect HIV antibodies and not the HIV virus particle itself. 1  A process is followed to determine if you are HIV positive. 2  First, the ELISA test is performed.  If the ELISA test is negative for the detection of HIV antibodies, the test is reported as negative.