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When someone gets HIV, the body's immune system makes antibodies to try to fight the infection. Most HIV tests available today test for HIV antibodies. If HIV antibodies are present, it means that a person is infected with HIV. One type of HIV test detects the virus itself. This is called an RNA test. RNA testing is more expensive and much less common than antibody tests.
A series of blood screenings are performed to test for HIV. The enzyme-linked immuno assay (ELISA or EIA) is the first test that your doctor will order to screen for HIV. ELISA and the Western blot test detect HIV antibodies in your blood.Antibodies are proteins your immune system produces in response to the presence of foreign substances such as viruses.If you test positive for HIV on the ELISA test, your provider will order the Western blot test to confirm HIV infection.f you test positive on the ELISA screen, your doctor will order a Western blot test. If you test positive for HIV with the Western blot test, you probably have HIV. Sometimes, HIV does not show up on the ELISA test even though you are infected.