Immune system diseases (If you have kidney disease due to lupus, your doctor will call it lupus nephritis.) Long-lasting viral illnesses, such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Pyelonephritis, a urinary tract infections within the kidneys, which can result in scarring as the infection heals.
By Dr Ananya Mandal, MD. Nicotine has strong mood altering effects and can act on the brain as both a stimulant and a relaxant. Once within the bloodstream, nicotine may circulate around the body until it reaches the brain.
Nicotine changes the levels of certain brain chemicals -- particularly dopamine, which is famous for making you feel good and dulling pain. Because the nicotine in one cigarette doesn't stay around forever, you get the urge for another cigarette. However, your brain starts to adjust to those extra surges of dopamine.