High PTH levels may be caused by: 1  A parathyroid gland growth (hyperplasia) or a parathyroid tumor. 2  A low level of calcium in the blood. A low blood calcium level can be caused by kidney disease, kidney failure, severe vitamin D deficiency, or an inability of the intestines to absorb calcium from food.
The equity multiplier is a financial leverage ratio that measures the amount of a firmâs assets that are financed by its shareholders by comparing total assets with total shareholderâs equity. In other words, the equity multiplier shows the percentage of assets that are financed or owed by the shareholders.
Macroeconomics The Multiplier Effect of Fiscal Policy In the ï¬scal policy multiplier formula (8), the coefï¬cient multiplying the change in the deï¬cit is mpc d / (1 â mpc d)=(9 / 10) / (1 â 9 / 10)= 9, so an increase in the government deï¬cit of only one dollar would raise consumption by nine dollars, a large amount.