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It is estimated that about 50% of the world's oxygen is produced via phytoplankton photosynthesis. The rest is produced via photosynthesis on land by plants. Furthermore, phytoplankton photosynthesis has controlled the atmospheric CO 2 / O 2 balance since the early Precambrian Eon.
Animals and microbes together release about the same amount of carbon dioxide as plants, while the oceans are the greatest single source. Only about 4 percent of carbon dioxide emissions come from artificial human sources. Carbon dioxide currently constitutes about 0.03 percent of Earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is one of the crucial inputs for producers at the base of almost every food chain. The basic mechanism of photosynthesis is the use of solar energy to bond water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. Plants grow faster at higher carbon dioxide levels, since most of their structures are built from carbohydrates.