Substrate is very often a big debate in keeping tortoises. I have Russian tortoises, I try to mimic their natural habitat as closely as possible.Since they are an arid species, I use a 50/50 mixture of playsand and topsoil deep enough for the tortoise to burrow.ubstrate is very often a big debate in keeping tortoises. I have Russian tortoises, I try to mimic their natural habitat as closely as possible.
There are four major types of headache: vascular, muscle contraction (tension), traction, and inflammatory. The most common type of vascular headache is a migraine. Migraine headaches are usually characterized by severe pain on one or both sides of the head, nasuea, and, at times, disturbed vision. Women are more likely than men to have migraine headaches.
Vascular Tone. Vascular tone refers to the degree of constriction experienced by a blood vessel relative to its maximally dilated state. All arterial and venous vessels under basal conditions exhibit some degree of smooth muscle contraction that determines the diameter, and hence tone, of the vessel. Basal vascular tone differs among organs.