ATP Synthase is the terminal step of oxidative phosphorylation (cellular respiration). Complexes I, II, III, and IV take electrons from NADH or FADH(2) and transfer them to O2 to form H2O. During this process protons (H+) are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix into the outer mitochondrial space. The proton gradient that is formed as a result of this pumping action is what drives ATP synthase to favor the formation of ATP from ADP plus phosphate. The transfer of electrons to O2 is coupled to the formation of ATP such that if there is no ADP and phosphate, the rate of respiration dramatically decreases.
GENERAL. 1  The Giant Maso Mastiff is a new and still a developing breed that is being developed with the aim to produce a healthier version of Old English Mastiff dog that can live longer. Originating in Germany, these dogs have more English Mastiff in them than the other parent breed, the Cane Corso Itliano.
The Mastiff is one of the most ancient types of dog breeds. His ancestor, the molossus, was known 5,000 years ago. Then, he was a ferocious war dog, very different from the benevolent behemoth that he is today. He makes a fine companion for anyone who can accommodate his great size and doesn't mind a little drool slung here and there.