Use of the term Anglo-Saxon begins with Walter Scott, as an adjective meant to differentiate the common people of England from the haughty and oppressive Norman-French aristocracy (the so-called Norman yoke).
Pretax Payroll Deductions. Pretax payroll deductions are qualified deductions that lower your employees' taxable wages. You subtract their contributions from their gross wages before figuring their tax withholding. Some pretax deductions reduce taxable wages for income tax; others reduce taxable wages for Social Security and Medicare taxes.
The standard deduction is the simplest way to deduct medical costs from your taxes. Rather than totaling all of your allowable deductions, you can simply subtract the standard deduction from your adjusted gross income. In 2010, the standard deductions were $5,700 for single taxpayers, $11,400 for married couples and $8,400 for head of household taxpayers. In certain situations, you can take an even higher standard deduction.