Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the renal category (that is, AKI in which the pathology lies within the kidney itself). See the ATN images below. A photomicrograph of renal biopsy shows renal medulla, which is composed mainly of renal tubules. Patchy or diffuse denudation of the renal tubular cells is observed, suggesting acute tubular necrosis (ATN) as the cause of acute kidney injury (AKI).
Total hip replacement surgery would cost around $6,000 in India, while in USA the same surgical procedure can be done for a quantity of $30000. the following is the average hip replacement surgery cost in india and other countries: india - $6000 u...
In Dallas, Texas, a knee replacement could cost between $16,772 and $61,585 (267 percent cost variation) depending on the hospital. Similar trends also were seen for the average typical cost for a total hip replacement procedure, which averaged $30,124.n 2011 there were 645,062 typical hip replacements and 306,600 typical knee replacements performed in the U.S., according to a report from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. The phenomenon of extreme price variation in healthcare can have obvious financial consequences for individuals and employers.