What Is Open Gallbladder Removal. Open gallbladder removalâor cholecystectomy âis surgery that offers permanent relief to a patient suffering from gallstones and other problems associated with the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small organ located near the liver. It stores bileâwhich is a special fluid produced in the liver.
GFR is a test that helps measure the level at which an individual's kidney is functioning. It is calculated on the basis of factors such as age, gender, race, and blood creatinine. Normal GFR values are between 90 to 120 ml/min. A GRF below 60 ml/min could mean that some kidney damage has occurred.
However, we know that GFR physiologically decreases with age, and in adults older than 70 years, values below 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 could be considered normal. Following the âprognostic wayâ, the fixed cut-off of 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 has been retained in the K-DIGO guidelines.lso, more recently published studies presented lower GFR values as normal, i.e. at 100â110 mL/min/1.73 m 2 [ 3, 19, 21, 22, 24 â 26, 28 â 32 ] compared with prior studies published in the 1950s or before [ 2, 17, 18, 33 â 36 ].