A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (especially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe. A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas). Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them.
Phototrophism vs photosynthesis. Phototrophic organisms convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP. The use of light energy to make ATP is called photophosphorylation. Photosynthetic organisms (photoautotrophs) also use light energy to make both ATP and reduced electron carriers (NADH or NADPH).
Light is composed of electric and magnetic fields and thus its alternate name electromagnetic spectrum. Light can be absorbed and emitted by atoms and molecules. The precise details of which give us the world we see around us. Chemists are interested in the details of absorption and emission of light by matter because these details can be viewed as fingerprints of atoms and molecules as well as their chemical properties.