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The Heme Group. In hemoglobin, each subunit contains a heme group, which is displayed using the ball-and-stick representation in Figure 2. Each heme group contains an iron atom that is able to bind to one oxygen (O 2) molecule. Therefore, each hemoglobin protein can bind four oxygen molecules. One of the most important classes of chelating agents in nature are the porphyrins.
Oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the lungs, which increases the affinity for even more oxygen to bind. This is exactly what happens as our blood flows through the lungs. Since there's a lot of oxygen in the lungs, there's a good possibility that hemoglobin will bind to oxygen. Oxygen binding to hemoglobin changes the structure of hemoglobin, and that makes it easier for oxygen to bind. Additional oxygen binding further increases the affinity, resulting in the third and then fourth oxygen molecule binding.