Since the kinetic energy increases with the square of the speed, an object doubling its speed has four times as much kinetic energy. For example, a car traveling twice as fast as another requires four times as much distance to stop, assuming a constant braking force.
Google is your friend. :) Bally is an extremely common prefix to town names in Ireland, and is derived from the Gaelic phrase 'Baile na', meaning 'place of'. It is not quite right to translate it 'town of', as there were few, if any, towns in Ireland at the time these names were formed.
For series of fantasy books by Dugald Steer, see Ologies (series). -logy is a suffix in the English language, used with words originally adapted from Ancient Greek ending in -Î»Î¿Î³Î¯Î± (-logia). The earliest English examples were anglicizations of the French -logie, which was in turn inherited from the Latin -logia.