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The Heme Group. In hemoglobin, each subunit contains a heme group, which is displayed using the ball-and-stick representation in Figure 2. Each heme group contains an iron atom that is able to bind to one oxygen (O 2) molecule. Therefore, each hemoglobin protein can bind four oxygen molecules. One of the most important classes of chelating agents in nature are the porphyrins.
The four subunits of hemoglobin actually bind to oxygen cooperatively, the binding of oxygen to one site of the four subunits will increase the likelihood of the remaining sites to bind with oxygen as well. Hemoglobin is a protein that is used to carry oxygen through the blood stream from the lungs to the tissues. This is important for survival. Hemoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen the lower the concentration of oxygen gets. This has great implications for the human body and has helped us adapt very effectively.