A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (especially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe. A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas). Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them.
Phototrophism vs photosynthesis. Phototrophic organisms convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP. The use of light energy to make ATP is called photophosphorylation. Photosynthetic organisms (photoautotrophs) also use light energy to make both ATP and reduced electron carriers (NADH or NADPH).
- the stage where light energy is converted to chemical energy. happens in the thylakoid disks where there are light capturing pigments. - converts solar (light) energy to chemical (ATP) and H+. light independent stage (calvin cycle) - the stage where chemical energy is usedfor the synthesis of carboyderates.