The scope of SQL includes data query, data manipulation (insert, update and delete), data definition (schema creation and modification), and data access control. Although SQL is often described as, and to a great extent is, a declarative language , it also includes procedural elements. SQL was one of the first commercial languages for Edgar F. Codd's relational model, as described in his influential 1970 paper, A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks.
uk â /ËkÉs.tÉªÅ/ us â /ËkÉË.stÉªÅ/. âº a calculation of the future cost of something such as a possible product: We'll need accurate costings before we can agree to fund the project.
1. 'price' and 'cost'. The price or cost of something is the amount of money you must pay to buy it. The price of oil doubled in a few months. They are worried about the rising cost of food. You can also use cost to refer to the amount of money needed to do or make something.. at any cost at all costs regardless of cost or sacrifice involved. 6. at the cost of at the expense of losing. vb, costs, costing or cost. 7. (tr) to be obtained or obtainable in exchange for (money or something equivalent); be priced at: the ride cost one pound.