For a young or green (inexperienced) horse, longeing is used to teach a horse to respond to voice commands and the trainer's body language, to accustom them to the feel of a saddle and bridle, and to begin their introduction to the feel of reins and bit pressure.
spoils system - the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power. system of rules, system - a complex of methods or rules governing behavior; they have to operate under a system they oppose; that language has a complex system for indicating gender.
The stingy are those who could spend, but choose not to. They value money more than comfort or approval from others. This could be rooted in a fear of poverty, a lack of self esteem, selfishness or resentment. The cheap are those who do not assess the value of what is spent vs. the benefit derived.