Homeobox genes are a large family of similar genes that direct the formation of many body structures during early embryonic development. In humans, the homeobox gene family contains an estimated 235 functional genes and 65 pseudogenes (structurally similar genes that do not provide instructions for making proteins).
Palindromes. A palindrome is a sequence of letters and/or words, that reads the same forwards and backwards.  able was I ere I saw elba  is a palindrome. Palindromes also occur in DNA.There are two types.. Palindromes that occur on opposite strands of the same section of DNA helix. 5' GGCC 3' 3' CCGG 5'. This type of palindrome serves as the target for most restriction enzymes. The graphic shows the palindromic sequences seen by five restriction enzymes (named in blue) commonly used in recombinant DNA work.
In biology, a mutation is a permanent change of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements. A nonsense mutation is a point mutation in a sequence of DNA that results in a premature stop codon, or a nonsense codon in the transcribed mRNA, and possibly a truncated, and often nonfunctional protein product. ( 2 See Stop codon .).