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The Heme Group. In hemoglobin, each subunit contains a heme group, which is displayed using the ball-and-stick representation in Figure 2. Each heme group contains an iron atom that is able to bind to one oxygen (O 2) molecule. Therefore, each hemoglobin protein can bind four oxygen molecules. One of the most important classes of chelating agents in nature are the porphyrins.
Normally, when you breathe, the oxygen is taken into your lungs where it enters your blood and is carried throughout your body by the protein hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein with an Iron-Heme center. This Fe-Heme binds oxygen very strongly. When you breathe in carbon monoxide, the CO also binds to hemoglobin. It binds so strongly that is keeps oxygen from binding as well. Over time, if you breathe enough carbon monoxide, it binds to all of the hemoglobin in your body, and you no longer have enough oxygen in your blood.