There are several species of tapeworms, and each uses a different intermediate host to infect a pet. Fleas, small rodents, rabbits or larger animals such as deer and sheep are the hosts that transmit the worms to dogs or cats. Pets infected with tapeworms do not normally lose weight or display symptoms of illness.
The Glut1 protein is also found in red blood cells (erythrocytes). Testing is available on a clinical basis to assess erythrocyte glucose transporter activity, which is reduced by approximately 50 percent in individuals with Glut1 deficiency syndrome.
Glucagon is a hormone that is involved in controlling blood sugar (glucose) levels. It is secreted into the bloodstream by the alpha cells, found in the islets of langerhans, in the pancreas. The glucagon-secreting alpha cells surround a core of insulin-secreting beta cells, which reflects the close relationship between the two hormones. Glucagonâs role in the body is to prevent blood glucose levels dropping too low. 1  To do this, it acts on the liver in several ways: 2  It stimulates the conversion of stored glycogen (stored in the liver) to glucose, which can be released into the bloodstream. This process is called glycogenolysis.