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Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object has due to its position above Earth, energy due to its height. We know this energy exists because it takes effort to lift an object up to a height and also because when we release an object, it falls, gaining kinetic energy.
From the work done against the gravity force in bringing a mass in from infinity where the potential energy is assigned the value zero, the expression for gravitational potential energy is. This expression is useful for the calculation of escape velocity, energy to remove from orbit, etc.