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Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object has due to its position above Earth, energy due to its height. We know this energy exists because it takes effort to lift an object up to a height and also because when we release an object, it falls, gaining kinetic energy.
This stored energy is called potential energy. Since it is energy in a gravitational field, it is called gravitational potential energy or potential energy due to gravity. The symbol for potential energy, in general, is U, and the symbol for gravitational potential energy is U g.