There are several species of tapeworms, and each uses a different intermediate host to infect a pet. Fleas, small rodents, rabbits or larger animals such as deer and sheep are the hosts that transmit the worms to dogs or cats. Pets infected with tapeworms do not normally lose weight or display symptoms of illness.
The Glut1 protein is also found in red blood cells (erythrocytes). Testing is available on a clinical basis to assess erythrocyte glucose transporter activity, which is reduced by approximately 50 percent in individuals with Glut1 deficiency syndrome.
Glucagon is a hormone that is involved in controlling blood sugar (glucose) levels. It is secreted into the bloodstream by the alpha cells, found in the islets of Langerhans, in the pancreas. It stimulates the conversion of stored glycogen (stored in the liver) to glucose which can be released into the bloodstream. 2  This process is called glycogenolysis. 3  It promotes the production of glucose from amino acid molecules. 4  This process is called gluconeogenesis.