Use of the term Anglo-Saxon begins with Walter Scott, as an adjective meant to differentiate the common people of England from the haughty and oppressive Norman-French aristocracy (the so-called Norman yoke).
Pretax Payroll Deductions. Pretax payroll deductions are qualified deductions that lower your employees' taxable wages. You subtract their contributions from their gross wages before figuring their tax withholding. Some pretax deductions reduce taxable wages for income tax; others reduce taxable wages for Social Security and Medicare taxes.
One of the first deductions from gross income is the appropriate personal exemption for an individual and his spouse and dependents. In addition to the personal exemption, taxpayers can take further deductions, either in the form of a standard deduction or by itemizing deductions.