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During transcription, a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase, which produces a complementary, antiparallel RNA strand called a primary transcript. Transcription proceeds in the following general steps: 1  One or more sigma factor protein binds to the RNA polymerase holoenzyme, allowing it to bind to promoter DNA.he antisense strand of DNA is read by RNA polymerase from the 3' end to the 5' end during transcription (3' â 5'). The complementary RNA is created in the opposite direction, in the 5' â 3' direction, matching the sequence of the sense strand with the exception of switching uracil for thymine.
1. Different kinds of RNA polymerases, depending on whether the product is protein or RNA 2. RNA polymerase requires a number of helper proteins to bind to DNA and initiate RNA synthesis transcription factors 3. Transcription factor TFIID binds to a specific DNA sequence upstream 25 nucleotides from the region coding for the protein TATA sequence or TATA box 4. Other proteins assemble to form a large transcription complex 5.