Alaska's Western Arctic Caribou herd forms aggregations or groups that can stretch for miles. Once back in town the photos were laid out and areas of overlap marked so that no caribou were double-counted. It took 11 of us three days to put the overlap lines on photos, Dau said.
Chest Radiology > Pathology > Pericardial Effusion. Pericardial effusion causes an enlarged heart shadow that is often globular shaped (transverse diameter is disproportionately increased). A fat pad sign, a soft tissue stripe wider than 2mm between the epicardial fat and the anterior mediastinal fat can be seen anterior to the heart on a lateral view.
We considered patients to have large idiopathic chronic pericardial effusion if they met the following criteria: the cause of effusion was not apparent after a thorough evaluation that included examination of pericardial fluid or tissue, the sum of anterior and posterior echo-free spaces exceeded 20 mm at end diastole, 17 there was no progression of disease during the observation period, and the effusion persisted for more than three months.