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Lorraine Day, M.D. What is Mad Cow Disease? Mad Cow Disease is the common term for Bovine Spongiform Encepholopathy (BSE), a progressive neurological disorder of cattle which can be transmitted to other species, including humans. In humans, it is called Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, after the two doctors who first described the symptoms of the disease.
Cause of the Mad Cow Disease. The mad cow disease is considered associated to modification or conformational change of a normal cell surface protein called prion protein. The reasons for this conformational change are still unknown. This disease is incurable and fatal in cattle. The infected cattle lose the ability to perform normal actions such as standing or walking, and hence, the disease derives its name of mad cow. The disease severely affects the nervous system of cattle, including the brain and spinal cord.