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Causes. There are two main factors that are responsible for causing hurricane storms, viz. warm water and moist, warm air. This is the reason why they begin in tropical regions. They occur when the moist, warm air from the surface of the ocean rises and meets the cooler air.
Intense low pressure systems generate strong winds because of tight pressure gradients surrounding the centre of the system. Intense low pressure systems and their associated cold fronts can generate strong winds and heavy rain over large areas, causing local flash flooding and riverine flooding. The main wind damage from these low pressure systems is often in coastal areas and adjacent mountain ranges. The systems can also cause coastal erosion through the combined effect of large waves and an increase in sea level known as storm surge. Severe winds can also contribute to extreme bushfire activity.