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Because anencephaly is caused by abnormalities of the neural tube, it is classified as a neural tube defect. Because the neural tube fails to close properly, the developing brain and spinal cord are exposed to the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus in the womb.
In a study of nearly 1,200 women in today's Pediatrics, women with the lowest B-12 levels were five times as likely to have a baby with a neural tube defect compared with mothers with the highest levels.