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In addition, there is potential for physiological distress if a fish swims into a localized warm area of the water. Because of water's high heat capacity, water temperatures do not change rapidly under natural conditions. Thus, fish have not evolved the ability to adapt to rapid temperature fluctuations.
A unique property of water is that its density increases at 4Â°C (39Â°F), just before it hits. freezing temperature. This causes water at this temperature to sink to the bottom of the. pond or lake. When water molecules do freeze, the ice is less dense than the 4Â°C water, causing it to float on the surface. The differences in density start mixing the top and. bottom layers of water. This mixing of the water layers as air temperatures become. colder is called fall turnover (Fig. 1).