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Because anencephaly is caused by abnormalities of the neural tube, it is classified as a neural tube defect. Because the neural tube fails to close properly, the developing brain and spinal cord are exposed to the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus in the womb.
Neural tube defects are serious birth defects of the brain and spine. They are a major cause of death and lifelong disability worldwide. The two most common neural tube defects are spina bifida (defect of the spine) and anencephaly (defect of the brain).