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Because anencephaly is caused by abnormalities of the neural tube, it is classified as a neural tube defect. Because the neural tube fails to close properly, the developing brain and spinal cord are exposed to the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus in the womb.
Vitamin B 12 and Pregnancy. Neural tube defects refer to a group of birth defects that affect the brain and spinal cord. The defects include spina bifida, which can cause partial paralysis, and anencephaly, a fatal condition in which the brain and skull are severely underdeveloped. The synthetic form of the vitamin folate, folic acid, can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects.