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A faulty valve. The main cause of acid reflux disease is a problem with the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) muscle. This muscle, which is the âvalveâ between the stomach and the esophagus, normally closes tightly after food has passed through to the stomach. The LES does not stay closed in people with acid reflux disease. When this happens, acid and stomach contents may back up (reflux) into the esophagus. This acid backup can sometimes cause the painful, burning sensation known as heartburn or other symptoms.
While acid reflux refers to a condition where stomach acid comes up from the stomach into the esophagus, another, less-common condition can occur known as alkaline reflux or bile reflux. This occurs when bile produced in the liver flows from the small intestine into the stomach and esophagus.his is because alkaline reflux affects the stomach lining as well as the esophagus. Acid reflux affects typically only the esophagus because the acid is naturally present in the stomach lining. You also may experience unintended weight loss as a side effect because the pain may reduce your appetite.