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Because anencephaly is caused by abnormalities of the neural tube, it is classified as a neural tube defect. Because the neural tube fails to close properly, the developing brain and spinal cord are exposed to the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus in the womb.
Many different types of brain defects are caused by improper closure of this neural tube. One such congenital brain anomaly, anencephaly (literally without brain) results when the topmost portion of the tube fails to close and the brain does not develop.Anencephaly is the most common severe malformation seen in stillborn births. It is about four times more common in females than males.ongenital brain defects may have genetic, infectious, toxic, or traumatic causes. In most cases, no certain cause can be identified. GENETIC CAUSES Some brain defects are caused by trisomy, the inclusion of a third copy of a chromosome normally occurring in pairs.