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The Ghana Empire (c. 300 until c. 1235) was located in what is now southeastern Mauritania and western Mali. Complex societies had existed in the region since about 1500 BC, and around Ghana's core region since about 300 AD. When Ghana's ruling dynasty began is uncertain; it is first mentioned in documentary sources around 830 AD by Muá¸¥ammad ibn MÅ«sÄ al-KhwÄrizmÄ«.
1 The first major state to rise in this region was the Ghana Empire (Wagadu) . 2  The name Ghana, often used by historians, was the regnal title given to the ruler of the Wagadu empire. 3  Centered in what is today Senegal and Mauritania, it was the first to benefit from the introduction of gold mining.