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Full Definition of DIPHTHERIA. : an acute febrile contagious disease typically marked by the formation of a false membrane especially in the throat and caused by a gram-positive bacterium (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) that produces a toxin causing inflammation of the heart and nervous system.
Introduction. Diphtheria is a potentially fatal contagious bacterial infection that mainly affects the nose and throat, and sometimes the skin. Diphtheria is highly contagious. Itâs spread by coughs and sneezes, or by contact with someone with diphtheria or items belonging to them, such as bedding or clothing. Diphtheria is very rare in England because most people have been vaccinated against it. The symptoms of diphtheria include: 1  a thick grey-white coating at the back of the throat. 2  a high temperature (fever) of 38C (100.4F) or above. 3  sore throat.