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The Ghana Empire (c. 300 until c. 1235) was located in what is now southeastern Mauritania and western Mali. Complex societies had existed in the region since about 1500 BC, and around Ghana's core region since about 300 AD. When Ghana's ruling dynasty began is uncertain; it is first mentioned in documentary sources around 830 AD by Muá¸¥ammad ibn MÅ«sÄ al-KhwÄrizmÄ«.
Axum (also spelled Aksum) in modern-day Ethiopia was the capital of the Kingdom of Axum. The kingdom was a significant empire in Africa between 100 BC and 700 AD. The Kingdom of Axum was a mighty naval power and excelled in maritime trade. The empire was one of the mightiest in all of Africa. The Axum kings maintained that they descended from King Solomon.