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An underactive thyroid gland, a disorder called hypothyroidism, would cause a sensation of lump in the throat. General enlargement, nodules and inflammation in the thyroid gland can be caused by both hypo as well as hyperthyroidism. These nodules can cause a feeling of lump in the throat. Diagnosis usually rests on physical examination, blood tests, a needle biopsy and possibly an ultra sound examination.
A thyroid nodule is simply a lump or mass in the thyroid gland. Thyroid nodules are relatively common; 6% of adult women and 2% of adult men in the U.S. have a thyroid nodule that can be felt on examination. Goiter can be the result of thyroid tumors, which are usually benign, but sometimes malignant. 2  Most thyroid tumors present as discrete nodules, but there are several kinds of thyroid cancer that can cause generalized swelling of the gland.