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Equally important and coupled with DNA methylation is DNA demethylation, the removal of a methyl group. The demethylation process is necessary for epigenetic reprogramming of genes and is also directly involved in many important disease mechanisms such as tumor progression.hen a CpG island in the promoter region of a gene is methylated, expression of the gene is repressed (it is turned off). The addition of methyl groups is controlled at several different levels in cells and is carried out by a family of enzymes called DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs).
Today, this term is used to refer to heritable alterations that are not due to changes in DNA sequence. Rather, epigenetic modifications, or tags, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, alter DNA accessibility and chromatin structure, thereby regulating patterns of gene expression.NA methylation and demethylation. DNA methylation at the cytosine in CpG dinucleotides is initiated de novo by the DNA methyl transferases (DNMT) 3A and 3B. After replication, DNMT1 plays a primary role in maintaining the methylation state in the daughter strands.