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Glycolysis is a series of reactions that and extract energy from glucose by splitting it into two three-carbon molecules called pyruvates. Glycolysis is an ancient metabolic pathway, meaning that it evolved long ago, and it is found in the great majority of organisms alive today2,3^{2,3}â2,3ââstart superscript, 2, comma, 3, end superscript. In organisms that perform cellular respiration, glycolysis is the first stage of this process. However, glycolysis doesnât require oxygen, and many anaerobic organismsâorganisms that do not use oxygenâalso have this pathway.
Glycolysis is a metabolic process that yields ATP. You should note that an oxidation step, using NAD as the oxidizing agent, occurs in this metabolic sequence. Molecular oxygen is not used anywhere in this process and this is why glycolysis is described as an anaerobic process. Glycolysis can in fact occur in the presence of molecular oxygen, as is seen in the erythrocyte, but oxygen is not needed for this process and can not be used even if it is present. You will see that in this scheme lactate is the product of this route for the anaerobic use of glucose for ATP synthesis.