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Equally important and coupled with DNA methylation is DNA demethylation, the removal of a methyl group. The demethylation process is necessary for epigenetic reprogramming of genes and is also directly involved in many important disease mechanisms such as tumor progression.hen a CpG island in the promoter region of a gene is methylated, expression of the gene is repressed (it is turned off). The addition of methyl groups is controlled at several different levels in cells and is carried out by a family of enzymes called DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs).
Epigenomics is the study of the complete set of epigenetic modifications on the genetic material of a cell, known as the epigenome.The field is analogous to genomics and proteomics, which are the study of the genome and proteome of a cell (Russell 2010 p. 217 & 230).Epigenetic modifications are reversible modifications on a cellâs DNA or histones that affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence (Russell 2010 p. 475).Two of the most characterized epigenetic modifications are DNA methylation and histone modification.Epigenetic modifications play an important role in gene expression and regulation, and are involved in numerous cellular processes such as in differentiation/development and tumorigenesis (Russell 2010 p. 597).wo of the most characterized epigenetic modifications are DNA methylation and histone modification. Epigenetic modifications play an important role in gene expression and regulation, and are involved in numerous cellular processes such as in differentiation/development and tumorigenesis (Russell 2010 p. 597).