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Hyperkalemia is defined as a serum potassium concentration greater than the upper limit of the normal range. The range in children and infants is age-dependent, whereas the range for adults is approximately 3.5-5.5 mEq/L.
The normal serum level of potassium is 3.5 to 5 mmol/L. Generally, blood tests for kidney function (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen), glucose and occasionally creatine kinase and cortisol are performed. Calculating the trans-tubular potassium gradient can sometimes help in distinguishing the cause of the hyperkalemia.