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Malaria - and its cousin, yellow fever - had significant implications during the war and the debilitating consequences of the disease were already certain before the Civil War had started in earnest and well before its final history had been written.
The yellow fever virus is an arbovirus of the flavivirus genus, and the mosquito is the primary vector. It carries the virus from one host to another, primarily between monkeys, from monkeys to humans, and from person to person. Several different species of the Aedes and Haemogogus mosquitoes transmit the virus. The yellow in the name refers to the jaundice that affects some patients. 2  Up to 50% of severely affected persons without treatment will die from yellow fever. 3  There are an estimated 200 000 cases of yellow fever, causing 30 000 deaths, worldwide each year, with 90% occurring in Africa.