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Equally important and coupled with DNA methylation is DNA demethylation, the removal of a methyl group. The demethylation process is necessary for epigenetic reprogramming of genes and is also directly involved in many important disease mechanisms such as tumor progression.hen a CpG island in the promoter region of a gene is methylated, expression of the gene is repressed (it is turned off). The addition of methyl groups is controlled at several different levels in cells and is carried out by a family of enzymes called DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs).
There is a global loss of DNA methylation during aging. However, some genes become hypermethylated with age, including genes for the estrogen receptor, p16, and insulin-like growth factor 2. Biological clocks, such as an epigenetic clock, are promising biomarkers of aging.NA methylation is essential for normal development and is associated with a number of key processes including genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, suppression of repetitive elements, and carcinogenesis. Two of DNA's four nucleotides, cytosine and adenine, can be methylated.