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Because anencephaly is caused by abnormalities of the neural tube, it is classified as a neural tube defect. Because the neural tube fails to close properly, the developing brain and spinal cord are exposed to the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus in the womb.
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are birth defects of the brain and spinal cord. They happen in about 3,000 pregnancies each year in the United States. A babyâs neural tube normally develops into the brain and spinal cord. It starts out as a tiny, flat ribbon that turns into a tube by the end of the first month of pregnancy. NTDs happen if the tube doesnât close completely. NTDs can cause serious problems for babies, including death.