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Deposition is the process by which wind or water sediment settles out in layers. Furthermore, over time, the remains of living things may harden in this sediment and change into fossils. After sediment is deposited the processes of compaction and cementation change the fragments into sedimentary rock. Compaction. At first, the fragments of rock lie loosely together. But gradually, over many, many years these thick layers build up. This build up becomes heavy and presses down on the layers beneath it. Compaction is the pressing down of layers forcing the sediments to fit closer together. Over millions of years, this process can squeeze fragments tightly together. The layers often remain visible in the rock and may be used to identify sedimentary rock. Cementation
Weathering Process. The weathering process occurs when rocks are exposed to the hydrosphere (water) and atmosphere (air).  These agents can change the physical and chemical characteristics of rocks.  As rocks are broken down (weathered), they can be classified as different types of sediments, which are: o boulders, cobbles, pebbles, sand, silt, clay, and colloids. See page 6 of the Earth Science Reference Tables explains the sizes of each of these sediments.