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Because anencephaly is caused by abnormalities of the neural tube, it is classified as a neural tube defect. Because the neural tube fails to close properly, the developing brain and spinal cord are exposed to the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus in the womb.
What are congenital limb defects? Congenital limb defects occur when a portion or the entire upper or lower limb fails to form normally or does not form when the baby is developing in the uterus. What causes congenital limb defects? The cause of congenital limb defects is unknown. However, risk factors that may increase the likelihood of a congenital limb defect include the following: Conditions, such as genetic abnormalities, growth restriction, mechanical forces, that affect the baby in the uterus during development. Exposures by the mother to chemicals or viruses while pregnant.