The British Empire began to take shape during the early 17th century, with the English settlement of North America and the smaller islands of the Caribbean, and the establishment of private companies, most notably the English East India Company, to administer colonies and overseas trade.he British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom.
A heart murmur is a continuous sound that is audible with a common stethoscope, produced when blood passes through particular areas of the heart. The heart has four chambers, two atria (singular = atrium) and two ventricles separated by a skeleton of cartilage that separates each chamber.
Heart murmurs are heart sounds produced when blood flows across one of the heart valves that is loud enough to be heard with a stethoscope. There are two types of murmurs.A functional murmur or  physiologic murmur is a heart murmur that is primarily due to physiologic conditions outside the heart. Other types of murmurs are due to structural defects in the heart itself. Functional murmurs are benign (an  innocent murmur ).Murmurs may also be the result of various problems, such as narrowing or leaking of valves, or the presence of abnormal passages through which blood flows in or near the heart.Such murmurs, known as pathologic murmurs, should be evaluated by an expert.urmurs may also be the result of various problems, such as narrowing or leaking of valves, or the presence of abnormal passages through which blood flows in or near the heart. Such murmurs, known as pathologic murmurs, should be evaluated by an expert.