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The Ghana Empire (c. 300 until c. 1235) was located in what is now southeastern Mauritania and western Mali. Complex societies had existed in the region since about 1500 BC, and around Ghana's core region since about 300 AD. When Ghana's ruling dynasty began is uncertain; it is first mentioned in documentary sources around 830 AD by Muá¸¥ammad ibn MÅ«sÄ al-KhwÄrizmÄ«.
The Ghana Empire may have been an established kingdom as early as the 6th century CE, founded among the Soninke, a MandÃ© people who lived at the crossroads of this new trade, around the city of Kumbi Saleh. Ghana was first mentioned by Arab geographer Al-Farazi in the late 8th century.