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Because anencephaly is caused by abnormalities of the neural tube, it is classified as a neural tube defect. Because the neural tube fails to close properly, the developing brain and spinal cord are exposed to the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus in the womb.
Two major types of neural tube defects, spina bifida and anencephaly, are birth defects that. affect thousands of babies every year in the United States. â¤ Neural tube defects (NTDs) are birth defects that occur when the embryonic neural. tube, which ultimately forms the spinal cord and the brain, does not close properly. Anencephaly â the absence of the brain â is a fatal condition that occurs when the. upper end of the neural tube fails to close.