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Because anencephaly is caused by abnormalities of the neural tube, it is classified as a neural tube defect. Because the neural tube fails to close properly, the developing brain and spinal cord are exposed to the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus in the womb.
Neonates who have congenital defects of the pituitary or hypothalamus may have hypoglycemia (which also can occur in older children), midline defects (eg, cleft palate), or micropenis, as well as manifestations of other endocrine deficiencies.