The leg pain produced by claudication is usually experienced as cramping in the thighs, calves, hips, and feet. The pain stops several minutes after the person rests, but returns when the person performs activities that use the leg muscles.
The definition of a solar panel is a group of silicon panels under a glass substrate. The glass substrate of a solar panel allows light to shine upon the silicon surface and produce electricity from the movement of electrons on the atomic level. Solar panels work in both a direct and a diffuse light manner.
Rock may serve as the substrate for the coral in a coral reef. Tiny wafers of silicon (or another semiconductor) serve as the substrate for computer chips. Substrate may also mean subsoilâthat is, the layer under the topsoil, lacking in organic matter or humus. Substrate is part of the vocabulary of various other sciences, including chemistry and biology. But although it's mostly a scientific term, writers may also use it to mean simply foundationâfor instance, when observing that reading is the substrate on which most other learning is based.