Department of Homeland Security: FY2013 Appropriations. Congressional Research Service. Figure 3. DHS Appropriations Legislative Timing........................................................................13. Tables. Table 1. Legislative Status of FY2013 Homeland Security Appropriations....................................1. Table 2.
The journaled file system (JFS) maintains a log, or journal, of what activity has taken place in the main data areas of the disk; if a crash occurs, any lost data can be recreated because updates to the metadata in directories and bit maps have been written to a serial log.
A sparse file: The empty bytes don't need to be saved, thus they can be represented by metadata. In computer science, a sparse file is a type of computer file that attempts to use file system space more efficiently when the file itself is mostly empty. This is achieved by writing brief information (metadata) representing the empty blocks to disk instead of the actual empty space which makes up the block, using less disk space.