However all of them positive. Panama, because of all the influence the US presence in its history, looks and feels more than a US city. You'll find bigger roads, more similarities in the infrastructures, taller buildings, etc. Costa Rica is more a typical Latin American city.
In a sentence containing a parenthetical expression, any punctuation belonging to the main sentence goes outside the parentheses. Incorrect: It was a real heat wave (five days over 100!) Correct: It was a real heat wave (five days over 100)! Correct: We saw Jerry, Ed (Tom's brother), and Julius there last night.
(A question mark or exclamation mark, however, might be appropriate and necessary.) If the material within your parentheses is written as a separate sentence (not included within another sentence), punctuate it as if it were a separate sentence.