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Brain lesions are areas of injury or disease in the brain. Lesions may be due to infection, tumors, exposure to certain chemicals, problems with the immune system, and demyelinating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis. Sometimes the cause is not known.
Brain herniation can cause severe disability or death. In fact, when herniation is visible on a CT scan, the prognosis for a meaningful recovery of neurological function is poor. The patient may become paralyzed on the same side as the lesion causing the pressure, or damage to parts of the brain caused by herniation may cause paralysis on the side opposite the lesion. Damage to the midbrain, which contains the reticular activating network which regulates consciousness, will result in coma.