However all of them positive. Panama, because of all the influence the US presence in its history, looks and feels more than a US city. You'll find bigger roads, more similarities in the infrastructures, taller buildings, etc. Costa Rica is more a typical Latin American city.
In a sentence containing a parenthetical expression, any punctuation belonging to the main sentence goes outside the parentheses. Incorrect: It was a real heat wave (five days over 100!) Correct: It was a real heat wave (five days over 100)! Correct: We saw Jerry, Ed (Tom's brother), and Julius there last night.
If only part of the sentence is parenthetical, then you put the final punctuation outside of the parenthesis: I enjoy breakfast (sometimes). If the entire sentence is parenthetical, then you put the punctuation inside the parenthesis.