E. Mechanical receptors are located in the lungs, upper airways, chest wall, and diaphragm which prevent overdistension of the lungs. F. Respiratory defense mechanisms: 1. filtration of air by the upper airways 2. mucociliary clearance system -which is decreased by infection, atropine, alcohol, dehydration,
However, one. of the most challenging aspects of forensic DNA analysis is the. interpretation of low-level testing results where it is difï¬cult to. distinguish reliably between noise and signal from template DNA. that is associated with an evidence sample (3,4).
The DNA testing process is comprised of four main steps, including extraction, quantitation, amplification, and capillary electrophoresis. Extraction. DNA is located within the nucleus of cells throughout the body and the extraction step is responsible for breaking open the nucleus and releasing the DNA molecules into solution.