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Vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) deficiency is a common cause of macrocytic anemia and has been implicated in a spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders.The role of B 12 deficiency in hyperhomocysteinemia and the promotion of atherosclerosis is only now being explored.itamin B 12 deficiency, therefore, can lead to increased levels of serum methylmalonic acid. In the second reaction, homocysteine is converted to methionine by using vitamin B 12 and folic acid as cofactors. In this reaction, a deficiency of vitamin B 12 or folic acid may lead to increased homocysteine levels.
The etiology of vitamin B12 deficiency is diverse and includes lack of intrinsic factor (IF), altered pH in the small intestine, and lack of absorption of B12 complexes in the terminal ileum.Vitamin B12 deficiency from any cause, as well as folic acid deficiency, can result in megaloblastic anemia.he etiology of vitamin B12 deficiency is diverse and includes lack of intrinsic factor (IF), altered pH in the small intestine, and lack of absorption of B12 complexes in the terminal ileum.