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Usually, receptors are proteins found on or within the membrane. Many different types of molecules can bind to receptors on the cell surface, including hormones. An insulin receptor is an example of a receptor that binds to a hormones, specifically insulin.
A signaling molecule. The term ligand is used for a molecule that specifically binds to another molecule, often a larger one. Ligand binding generally causes a receptor protein to undergo a change in shape.For many receptors, this shape change directly activates the receptor, enabling it to interact with other cellular molecules.For other kinds of receptors, the immediate effect of a ligand binding is to cause the aggregation of two or more receptor molecules, which leads to further molecular events inside the cell.or many receptors, this shape change directly activates the receptor, enabling it to interact with other cellular molecules. For other kinds of receptors, the immediate effect of a ligand binding is to cause the aggregation of two or more receptor molecules, which leads to further molecular events inside the cell.