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The functionalist perspective is based largely on the works of Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons, and Robert Merton. According to functionalism, society is a system of. interconnected parts that work together in harmony to maintain a state of balance and social. equilibrium for the whole. For example, each of the social institutions contributes important. functions for society: Family provides a context for reproducing, nurturing, and socializing. children; education offers a way to transmit a societyâs skills, knowledge, and culture to its youth;
By Ashley Crossman. Conflict theory emphasizes the role of coercion and power in producing social order. This perspective is derived from the works of Karl Marx, who saw society as fragmented into groups that compete for social and economic resources.ccording to conflict theory, inequality exists because those in control of a disproportionate share of societyâs resources actively defend their advantages. The masses are not bound to society by their shared values, but by coercion at the hands of those in power.