Maneuvering Loads and the V-n Diagram. The V-n, velocity-versus-load diagram, Figure 1, describes the relationship between an aircraftâs. speed, its longitudinal (pitch axis) maneuvering. capability, and its structural strength. The. positive-g, maximum lift line indicates how. aggressively, at any airspeed, we can apply aft.
Fairbanks, Alaska. During the early 19th century, some of the best scientific minds of the period believed that the aurora was caused by the reflection of sunlight from tiny ice crystals suspended high in the atmosphere.
The typical aurora is caused by collisions between fast-moving. electrons from space with the oxygen and nitrogen in Earthâs. upper atmosphere. The electronsâwhich come from the Earthâs. magnetosphere, the region of space controlled by Earthâs mag-. netic ïeld âtransfer their energy to the oxygen and nitrogen.