The Pledge of Allegiance. The Pledge of Allegiance was written in August 1892 by the socialist minister Francis Bellamy (1855-1931). It was originally published in The Youth's Companion on September 8, 1892. Bellamy had hoped that the pledge would be used by citizens in any country. In its original form it read:
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The value of the right to buy the one extra share at the subscription price of 800p would be 160p (=(1000-800)*4/(4+1)).  1 Theoretical Ex-Rights Price. investopedia.com.  2 Chief Examiner's Report, Global Operations Management, Diploma Winter 2006 (PDF).