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The functionalist perspective is based largely on the works of Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons, and Robert Merton. According to functionalism, society is a system of. interconnected parts that work together in harmony to maintain a state of balance and social. equilibrium for the whole. For example, each of the social institutions contributes important. functions for society: Family provides a context for reproducing, nurturing, and socializing. children; education offers a way to transmit a societyâs skills, knowledge, and culture to its youth;
Ideology: Individuals within a society must recognize something that transcends themselves. Functionalists say that religion performs this function. Conflict theorists believe that religion suppresses dissatisfaction with the provisions of society. 4. Economy: Societies must provide for the distribution of goods and services. Functionalists point out that families used to perform most of the functions that are now provided by industry. Conflict theorists claim that all existing economies serve to separate the haves from the have-nots. 5. Polity: There must be a way to preserve order, both internally and externally.