studies finding polycentric governance to be more adaptive than other forms of governance4. As the number of scholars identifying polycentricity and related concepts as elements of adaptive governance has increased, however, a number of issues have arisen which could 4 As discussed in section 4, however, these authors defined polycentric governance as a polycentric governance system within which constituent decision-making entities act coherently, rather than more generally, as
Any abnormalities, inflammation, or injury can cause neck pain or stiffness. Many people experience neck pain or stiffness occasionally. In many cases, itâs due to poor posture or overuse. Sometimes, neck pain is caused by injury from a fall, contact sports, or whiplash. Most of the time, neck pain isnât a serious condition and can be relieved within a few days.
Joint stiffness can be caused by inflammation in the synovium, the lining of the joint. The abnormal synovial lining is the cause of many types of arthritis. The only physical expression of synovial involvement may be joint stiffness, but frequently pain, swelling, redness, and warmth also occur in the affected joint. Arthritis is not the only condition associated with joint stiffness. Other medical conditions can also cause joint stiffness, including bone diseases, cancer, joint trauma, or overuse of the joint.