studies finding polycentric governance to be more adaptive than other forms of governance4. As the number of scholars identifying polycentricity and related concepts as elements of adaptive governance has increased, however, a number of issues have arisen which could 4 As discussed in section 4, however, these authors defined polycentric governance as a polycentric governance system within which constituent decision-making entities act coherently, rather than more generally, as
Other possible causes of muscle stiffness. In addition to sprains and muscle strains, there are other conditions that cause muscle stiffness along with other symptoms: Tetanus is a bacterial infection, usually from soil or dirt, with symptoms that include: difficulty swallowing. belly pain or cramping. increased blood pressure.
Joint stiffness often accompanies joint pain and/or swelling. Depending on the cause of joint stiffness, joint redness, tenderness, warmth, tingling, or numbness of an affected area of the body may be present.Joint stiffness can be caused by injury or disease of the joint and is a common finding in the arthritis conditions.Joint damage, including stiffness, can also occur following injury to the joint.Sometimes injuries or inflammation of the adjacent areas, such as bursae, can cause pain that may limit the movement of a joint and be perceived as joint stiffness. Joint pain is also referred to as arthralgia.olymyalgia Rheumatica Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a disorder of the muscles and joints that causes pain and stiffness in the arms, neck, shoulders,...learn more Â».