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Simply put, Colitis is swelling (inflammation) of the large intestine (colon). In medicine, colitis refers to an inflammation of the colon and is often used to describe an inflammation of the large intestine (colon, caecum and rectum).n medicine, colitis refers to an inflammation of the colon and is often used to describe an inflammation of the large intestine (colon, caecum and rectum).
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, or long lasting, disease that causes inflammationâirritation or swellingâand sores called ulcers on the inner lining of the large intestine. Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Crohn's disease and microscopic colitis are the other common IBDs. More information is provided in the NIDDK health topics, Crohn's Disease and Microscopic Colitis: Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis. Ulcerative colitis most often begins gradually and can become worse over time. Symptoms can be mild to severe.