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Vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) deficiency is a common cause of macrocytic anemia and has been implicated in a spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders.The role of B 12 deficiency in hyperhomocysteinemia and the promotion of atherosclerosis is only now being explored.itamin B 12 deficiency, therefore, can lead to increased levels of serum methylmalonic acid. In the second reaction, homocysteine is converted to methionine by using vitamin B 12 and folic acid as cofactors. In this reaction, a deficiency of vitamin B 12 or folic acid may lead to increased homocysteine levels.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency. Vitamin B12 assists in the production of red blood cells which transport oxygen to the brain, so impaired absorption of vitamin B12 or a vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to dementia caused by pernicious anemia.itamin B12 assists in the production of red blood cells which transport oxygen to the brain, so impaired absorption of vitamin B12 or a vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to dementia caused by pernicious anemia.