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Cristae are the infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. They are studded with proteins, including ATP synthase and a variety of cytochromes, and function in cellular respiration. They provide more surface area for cellular respiration to happen.
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell because they âburnâ or break the chemical bonds of glucose to release energy to do work in a cell. Remember that this energy originally came from the sun and was stored in chemical bonds by plants during photosynthesis. Glucose and other carbohydrates made by plants during photosynthesis are broken down by the process of aerobic cellular respiration (requires oxygen) in the mitochondria of the cell. This releases energy for the cell. ATP is the energy-carrying molecule produced by the mitochondria through a series of chemical reactions. The more active a cell (such as a muscle cell), the more mitochondria it will have. The mitochondria are about the size of a bacterial cell and are often peanut-shaped.