E. Mechanical receptors are located in the lungs, upper airways, chest wall, and diaphragm which prevent overdistension of the lungs. F. Respiratory defense mechanisms: 1. filtration of air by the upper airways 2. mucociliary clearance system -which is decreased by infection, atropine, alcohol, dehydration,
However, one. of the most challenging aspects of forensic DNA analysis is the. interpretation of low-level testing results where it is difï¬cult to. distinguish reliably between noise and signal from template DNA. that is associated with an evidence sample (3,4).
B12 deficiency is usually detected through a B12 blood level. Typical lower limits of normal are 200 pg/ml. Levels between 150 and 300 should be confirmed with secondary surrogate markers (see following). A CBC test may show macrocytic anemia.12 deficiency is usually detected through a B12 blood level. Typical lower limits of normal are 200 pg/ml. Levels between 150 and 300 should be confirmed with secondary surrogate markers (see following). A CBC test may show macrocytic anemia.