Excess upper abdominal fat may occur from years of poor diet, lack of exercise and stress. Age and genetic factors also play a role in where your body accumulates belly fat. Upper abdominal fat tends to be visceral fat -- the kind of fat that lies between your abdominal wall and your organs.
Skin (percutaneous, dermal) absorption is a term that describes the transport of chemicals from the outer surface of the skin both into the skin and into the systemic circulation. The surface area of an adult is about 20,900 cm3 and the surface area of a child of 6 years is about 9,000 cm3. 2  These figures and figures for other body parts or portions can be found in the EPA Exposures Handbook 1996 or estimated using other databases.
In the human skin, the dermal papillae (DP) (singular papilla, diminutive of Latin papula, 'pimple') are small, nipple-like extensions (or interdigitations) of the dermis into the epidermis. At the surface of the skin in hands and feet, they appear as epidermal or papillary ridges (colloquially known as fingerprints). Blood vessels in the dermal papillae nourish all hair follicles and bring nutrients and oxygen to the lower layers of epidermal cells. The pattern of ridges they produce in hands and feet are partly genetically determined features that develop before birth.