The nominal interest is 12% per year, so the nominal. interest rate per 6 mo is 6%. The effective interest rate. per 6 mo. is also 6% since the compounding period. equals to the interest rate period (6 mo.). Chapter 4 Nominal and Effective Interest. Rates 20.
How COPD Is Treated. Once COPD has been diagnosed, you and your doctor can select the best treatment options to manage your COPD. These may include medications, rehabilitation or surgery that may improve your quality of life.
COPD Symptoms and Signs. COPD is characterized by a longstanding (chronic) obstruction to air flow out of the lungs. It can take different forms and have different symptoms. Symptoms of COPD can also vary in severity. COPD Symptoms include: 1  a chronic cough,  shortness of breath,