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The term that describes the nationalist movement that sought tocreate a nation-state for the Jewish people is ZIONISM.
To read about the corresponding movement in America, click here. Defining the exact start of a Zionist movement in the Soviet Union is difficult. To some extent, there were always Jewish standard-bearers, even in the darkest years when, following the birth of Israel in 1948, Stalin set out to decimate Jewish cultural and religious life.