The nominal interest is 12% per year, so the nominal. interest rate per 6 mo is 6%. The effective interest rate. per 6 mo. is also 6% since the compounding period. equals to the interest rate period (6 mo.). Chapter 4 Nominal and Effective Interest. Rates 20.
How COPD Is Treated. Once COPD has been diagnosed, you and your doctor can select the best treatment options to manage your COPD. These may include medications, rehabilitation or surgery that may improve your quality of life.
Symptoms of COPD. Inside the lungs, COPD can clog the airways and damage the tiny, balloon-like sacs (alveoli) that absorb oxygen. These changes can cause the following symptoms: 1  Shortness of breath in everyday activities. 2  Wheezing. 3  Chest tightness. 4  Constant coughing. 5  Producing a lot of mucus (sputum). 6  Feeling tired. 7  Frequent colds or flu.