Royal jelly, a thick, milky substance secreted by young nurse honeybees to feed a bee colonyâs larvae, most notably the queen larvae, is a rich source of nutrients, as well as acetycholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a critical role in cognitive function.
The origin of the eukaryotic cell is a milestone in the evolution of life, since eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular organisms. The timing of this series of events is hard to determine; Knoll (2006) suggests they developed approximately 1.6â2.1 billion years ago.
Endosymbiotic Theory of Evolution of Eukaryotic Cells. Diagram of a chloroplast. Diagram of a mitochondrion. THE THEORY: The mitochondria and chloroplasts of Eukaryotic cells arose from the symbiotic incorporation of prokaryotic cells by a proto-eukaryotic cell.ukaryotic cells originated more than 0.6 billion years ago. The mitochondria (and plastids) of extant eukaryotic cells are remarkably similar suggesting aerobic bacteria (or cyanobacteria) were incorporated on only one occasion each.