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1. karyotype-the appearance of the chromosomal makeup of a somatic cell in an individual or species (including the number and arrangement and size and structure of the chromosomes). physical composition, composition, make-up, makeup, constitution-the way in which someone or something is composed. Translations.
Each species is characterized by a karyotype. The karyotype is a description of the number of chromosomes in the normal diploid cell, as well as their size distribution. For example, the human chromosome has 23 pairs of chromosome, 22 somatic pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes.