Royal jelly, a thick, milky substance secreted by young nurse honeybees to feed a bee colonyâs larvae, most notably the queen larvae, is a rich source of nutrients, as well as acetycholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a critical role in cognitive function.
The origin of the eukaryotic cell is a milestone in the evolution of life, since eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular organisms. The timing of this series of events is hard to determine; Knoll (2006) suggests they developed approximately 1.6â2.1 billion years ago.
Eukaryote A eukaryote is an organism with a complex cell or cells, in which the genetic material is organized into a membrane-bound nucleus or nuclei. Eukaryotes (also spelled eucaryotes) comprise animals, plants, and fungiâwhich are mostly multicellular - as well as various other groups that are collectively classified as protists (many of which are unicellular).