Surfactant is a complex substance containing phospholipids and a number of apoproteins. This essential fluid is produced by the Type II alveolar cells, and lines the alveoli and smallest bronchioles. Surfactant reduces surface tension throughout the lung, thereby contributing to its general compliance. It is also important because it stabilizes the alveoli.
Stagnant anoxia occurs when there is interference with the blood flow, although the blood and its oxygen-carrying abilities are normal. A common cause of general stagnant anoxia is heart disease or interference with the return of blood flow through the veins.
Anosmia may be one of the first symptoms of Alzheimer's. Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease as well as diabetes and multiple sclerosis, can also cause anosmia. Schizophrenia, a mental illness characterized by hallucinations and delusions, also can cause anosmia. Head injury can also cause anosmia.