Atrophy of paraspinal muscles is common in low back pain (LBP). Early studies report atrophy and abnormalities of the paraspinal muscles in 20% to 60% of people with chronic LBP.More recent data suggest a reduced cross-sectional area of multifidus at L4 and/or L5 in chronic LBP.ntroduction. Atrophy of paraspinal muscles is common in low back pain (LBP). Early studies report atrophy and abnormalities of the paraspinal muscles in 20% to 60% of people with chronic LBP. More recent data suggest a reduced cross-sectional area of multifidus at L4 and/or L5 in chronic LBP.
Hyenas usually bear litters of two to four cubs, which, unlike the other two species, are born with their eyes open. Cubs begin to eat meat from kills near the den at about 5 months, but they are suckled for as long as 12 to 18 months, an unusually long time for carnivores.
It may look like a dog, but the spotted hyena is more closely related to cats, civets, and genets. Also called the laughing hyena, the spotted hyena is a strong, capable hunter. It is the largest member of the hyena family (other members are the striped hyena, brown hyena, and aardwolf).Female spotted hyenas are a bit larger than the males, but otherwise they look exactly the same.The spotted hyena may look unusual, at first sight. It has a large head with a long, thick, muscular neck and powerful jaws that give the hyena the strongest bite of any mammal.emale spotted hyenas are a bit larger than the males, but otherwise they look exactly the same. The spotted hyena may look unusual, at first sight. It has a large head with a long, thick, muscular neck and powerful jaws that give the hyena the strongest bite of any mammal.