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1. karyotype-the appearance of the chromosomal makeup of a somatic cell in an individual or species (including the number and arrangement and size and structure of the chromosomes). physical composition, composition, make-up, makeup, constitution-the way in which someone or something is composed. Translations.
A karyotype is a picture of all of the chromosomes present in a single one of your cells. A karyotype is a test used to check for chromosomal abnormalities. A karyotype can tell how many chromosomes a person has, as well as detect any errors those chromosomes may have. Normally, a person has 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs. Based on your karyotype, cytogeneticists (people who study chromosomes) can also determine your gender.