What does 'Brazil, Russia, India And China - BRIC' mean. Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) refer to the idea that China and India will, by 2050, become the world's dominant suppliers of manufactured goods and services, respectively, while Brazil and Russia will become similarly dominant as suppliers of raw materials.
Birth Defect Fact Sheet Hypospadias. April 17, 2014Birth Defect Fact Sheet. Hypospadias is a congenital abnormality of the penis in which the urinary tract opening is not at the tip. In a normal penis, the urine tube (urethra) travels through the shaft of the penis to an opening located in the center of the head of the penis (glans).
Wendy Chung, M.D. Ph.D. Telephone: 851-5313. e-mail: wkc15@columbia.edu. SUMMARY. A congenital malformation is an anatomical or structural abnormality present at birth. Congenital. malformations may be caused by genetic factors or environmental insults or a combination of the. two that occur during prenatal development. Most common congenital malformations demonstrate. multifactorial inheritance with a threshold effect and are determined by a combination of genetic and. environmental factors.