The nominal interest is 12% per year, so the nominal. interest rate per 6 mo is 6%. The effective interest rate. per 6 mo. is also 6% since the compounding period. equals to the interest rate period (6 mo.). Chapter 4 Nominal and Effective Interest. Rates 20.
How COPD Is Treated. Once COPD has been diagnosed, you and your doctor can select the best treatment options to manage your COPD. These may include medications, rehabilitation or surgery that may improve your quality of life.
In the early stages of COPD, there may be no symptoms, or you may only have mild symptoms, such as: 1  A nagging cough (often called smoker's cough). 2  Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity. 3  Wheezing (a whistling sound when you breathe).4  Tightness in the chest.hronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious lung disease that gradually makes it harder and harder to breathe. COPD includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.