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1. karyotype-the appearance of the chromosomal makeup of a somatic cell in an individual or species (including the number and arrangement and size and structure of the chromosomes). physical composition, composition, make-up, makeup, constitution-the way in which someone or something is composed. Translations.
Twenty-two of the paired chromosomes are similar in males and females and are called autosomes. In the female, the twenty-third pair consists of two X chromosomes. In the male, the twenty-third pair consists of one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. A karyotype is a pictorial representation of an individual's chromosomes. Cell division and chromosome duplication. The fertilized egg, or zygote, begins as one cell containing forty-six chromosomes, and the number of cells increases by mitosis, a process of cell division that produces new cells containing duplicates of all forty-six chromosomes. The gametes are formed by a process of cell division called meiosis.