In criminal law, motive is distinct from intent. Criminal intent refers to the mental state of mind possessed by a defendant in committing a crime. With few exceptions the prosecution in a criminal case must prove that the defendant intended to commit the illegal act.
See the difference low-cost funds can make. The less you pay for your funds, the more you keep in your pocketâit's that simple. The average Vanguard mutual fund and ETF (exchange-traded fund) expense ratio is 82% less than the industry average.*. You don't get a bill explaining how much of your savings went toward paying fund expenses, because those costs are paid directly out of each fund's returns.
A fund's trading activity, the buying and selling of portfolio securities, is not included in the calculation of the expense ratio. Costs associated with mutual funds but not included in operating expenses are loads and redemption fees, which, if they apply, are paid directly by fund investors.n expense ratio is determined through an annual calculation, where a fund's operating expenses are divided by the average dollar value of its assets under management. Operating expenses are taken out of a fund's assets and lower the return to a fund's investors. Also known as management expense ratio (MER).