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Atelectasis (from Greek: á¼ÏÎµÎ»Î®Ï, incomplete + á¼ÎºÏÎ±ÏÎ¹Ï, extension) is defined as the collapse or closure of the lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange.
Back to TopCauses. Atelectasis is caused by a blockage of the air passages (bronchus or bronchioles) or by pressure on the outside of the lung. It is common after surgery, or in patients who were in the hospital. Risk factors for developing atelectasis include: 1  Anesthesia.  Foreign object in the airway (most common in children)