Specific gravity between 1.002 and 1.035 on a random sample should be considered normal if kidney function is normal. Since the sp gr of the glomerular filtrate in Bowman's space ranges from 1.007 to 1.010, any measurement below this range indicates hydration and any measurement above it indicates relative dehydration.t can detect albumin, globulins, and Bence-Jones protein at low concentrations. In rough terms, trace positive results (which represent a slightly hazy appearance in urine) are equivalent to 10 mg/100 ml or about 150 mg/24 hours (the upper limit of normal).
A stable hydroxide-conducting membrane based on benzimidazolium hydroxide and its analogous anion-exchange polymer is reported for the first time.
The hydroxide ion (OH -) is a very good acceptor of hydrogen bonds, with the first water molecule binding strongly to form H 3 O 2 - (right, where the proton is off-center, giving rise to a low-barrier hydrogen bond) hydrated ions.