An open interval is an interval that does not include its end points. The open interval is denoted , although the nonstandard notation is sometimes also used. Croft, H. T.; Falconer, K. J.; and Guy, R. K. Unsolved Problems in Geometry. New York: Springer-Verlag, p. 1, 1991.
Banzai, Shenzi and Ed. Banzai is a Japanese cheer meaning ''Attack''. Shenzi comes from Swahili meaning ''Barbarous'' or ''Savage''. Ed (assuming it originates from the English name ''Edward'') means ''Wealthy Guard''.
Western name for the Chinese philosopher Kongzi (551-479 B.C.E.). His doctrine of duty and public service had a great influence on subsequent Chinese thought and served as a code of conduct for government officials.(p.