The nuclear membrane, sometimes referred to as the nuclear envelope, is the membrane that encloses the nucleus. This bilayer membrane is made of lipids, and encases the genetic material in eukaryotic cells. The nuclear membrane is made up of a double lipid bilayer. There are two parts to these two layers: the inner and the outer nuclear membrane. There is a space between the membranes, which is called the perinuclear space. This 20-40 nm wide section of the membrane isconnected with the inside of the endoplasmic reticulum.
DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Propoxyphene is a narcotic pain-reliever and cough suppressant but is weaker than morphine, codeine, and hydrocodone. The precise mechanism of action is not known but may involve stimulation of opioid (narcotic) receptors in the brain.
The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has officially declared tramadol as a Class IV substance, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers. The abuse potential of tramadol is comparable to the schedule IV controlled substance propoxyphene; 2  Tramadol has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the U.S. Tramadol and other tramadol-containing products are approved for marketing by the FDA to manage moderate to moderately severe pain; and,