By means of the sodium-potassium pump, living human cells pump three sodium ions out of the cell in exchange for two potassium ions pumped in; comparing ion concentrations across the cell membrane, inside to outside, potassium measures about 40:1, and sodium, about 1:10.
However, in some cases, the enlarged ovary may twist or become dysfunctional. Ovarian cancer and benign tumors may also lead to an enlarged ovary. Common causes of an enlarged ovary include: Corpus luteum cyst (cyst present in the second half of the menstrual cycle) Dermoid cyst (benign tumor also known as a teratoma) Follicle cyst (cyst that forms during the menstrual cycle) Endometrioma (endometriosis affecting the ovary)
Ovarian cancer: Many different types of ovarian cancer exist that all have varying degrees of malignancy. Depending on the cancer type, it can be a possible cause of an enlarged ovary Ovarian torsion: A medical emergency characterized by the twisting of the ovary and fallopian tube. Women affected tend to have significantly lower abdominal pain caused by compromised blood supply. Ovarian torsion is considered life-threatening and can result in stromal edema, internal hemorrhage, hyperstimulation, or a mass. Symptoms that accompany an enlarged ovary Symptoms of an enlarged ovary may differ depending on the underlying cause, as some cases present with attritional symptoms not found in other causes of enlarged ovary.