Public opinion polls evolved from a book called Public Opinions in 1922 by Walter Lippmann who stressed the importantce of public opinions for policy makers. The first successful straw poll was also published in 1916.
Times Interest Earned - TIE. Loading the player... Times interest earned (TIE) is a metric used to measure a company's ability to meet its debt obligations. The formula is calculated by taking a company's earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) and dividing it by the total interest payable on bonds and other contractual debt.
tie-in agreement A requirement that investors purchase additional shares in the aftermarket as a condition of being allowed to acquire shares that are part of an initial public offering. Reports of this illegal activity by investment bankers were common during the new-issue boom of the late 1990s and early 2000s.