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Atelectasis (from Greek: á¼ÏÎµÎ»Î®Ï, incomplete + á¼ÎºÏÎ±ÏÎ¹Ï, extension) is defined as the collapse or closure of the lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange.
By Mayo Clinic Staff. Atelectasis (at-uh-LEK-tuh-sis) â a complete or partial collapse of a lung or lobe of a lung â develops when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) within the lung become deflated. It's a breathing (respiratory) complication after surgery. Atelectasis is also a possible complication of other respiratory problems, including cystic fibrosis, inhaled foreign objects, lung tumors, fluid in the lung, respiratory weakness and chest injuries.