Public opinion polls evolved from a book called Public Opinions in 1922 by Walter Lippmann who stressed the importantce of public opinions for policy makers. The first successful straw poll was also published in 1916.
Times Interest Earned - TIE. Loading the player... Times interest earned (TIE) is a metric used to measure a company's ability to meet its debt obligations. The formula is calculated by taking a company's earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) and dividing it by the total interest payable on bonds and other contractual debt.
Finance is the study of banking, leverage, credit, capital markets, money and investments, along with how they are used by individuals and companies. Small Business. Companies that are short on cash may need financing to pay for short-term needs or long-term capital expenditures.