Public opinion polls evolved from a book called Public Opinions in 1922 by Walter Lippmann who stressed the importantce of public opinions for policy makers. The first successful straw poll was also published in 1916.
Times Interest Earned - TIE. Loading the player... Times interest earned (TIE) is a metric used to measure a company's ability to meet its debt obligations. The formula is calculated by taking a company's earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) and dividing it by the total interest payable on bonds and other contractual debt.
affiliation, association, tie, tie-up (noun) a social or business relationship a valuable financial affiliation; he was sorry he had to sever his ties with other members of the team; many close associations with England affiliation (noun) the act of becoming formally connected or joined welcomed the affiliation of the research center with the university