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The function of the slime layer is to protect the bacteria cells from environmental dangers such as antibiotics and desiccation. The slime layer also allows bacteria to adhere to smooth surfaces such as prosthetic medical devices and catheters.
Not all bacteria form capsules but in those that do the capsule is the interface between the bacterial cell and the external environment. As such it may serve a diversity of functions in disease including: 1. Antiphagocytosis - the smooth nature of the capsule prevents the phagocyte from adhering to and engulfing the bacterial cell. Furthermore, opsonins are prevented from binding to the cell and the process of opsonization is hindered.