Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations Learn how SAMHSAâs programs, initiatives, and resources work to improve the behavioral health of racial and ethnic minority populations. Racial and ethnic minorities currently make up about a third of the population of the nation and are expected to become a majority by 2050. These diverse communities have unique behavioral health needs and experience different rates of mental and/or substance use disorders and treatment access.
UPJ obstruction. Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is a blockage at the point where part of the kidney attaches to one of the tubes to the bladder (ureters). This blocks the flow of urine out of the kidney. UPJ obstruction mostly occurs in children. It often happens when a baby is still growing in the womb. This is called a congenital condition (present from birth). The blockage is caused when there is a narrowing of area between the ureter and the part of the kidney called the renal pelvis.
What causes UPJ obstruction? Many UPJ problems may occur before birth, as enlargement of the kidney (hydronephrosis) can be seen on a prenatal ultrasound. The stagnation of urine caused by the UPJ blockage can lead to infection. Older children may have pain related to the blockage. Sometimes the blockage can cause kidney stones to form. The obstruction is usually due to an abnormality in the development of the muscle at the UPJ. What tests are needed? Ultrasonography, computerized tomography (CT) and intravenous pyelogram (IVP) will show the hydronephrosis related to a UPJ obstruction â but may not necessarily prove that the enlargement of the system is due to blockage.