Public opinion polls evolved from a book called Public Opinions in 1922 by Walter Lippmann who stressed the importantce of public opinions for policy makers. The first successful straw poll was also published in 1916.
Times Interest Earned - TIE. Loading the player... Times interest earned (TIE) is a metric used to measure a company's ability to meet its debt obligations. The formula is calculated by taking a company's earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) and dividing it by the total interest payable on bonds and other contractual debt.
Tie-out is a reference to the underlying detailed work papers that support a given number that is being disclosed. So, a financial statement tie out for a 10-Q (quarterly filing) or a 10-K (annual filing) consists of all the proof in the underlying documentation that is gathered to support the amounts that are included in the ultimate filing. Doing a tie-out usually involves using some form of commonly accepted referencing system.