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1 Cystic fibrosis primarily affects the lungs and digestive system. 2  It leads to the production of mucus that is much thicker and more sticky than usual. 3  Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary condition, caused by a defective gene. 4  The cystic fibrosis gene must be present in both parents for a child to have the condition.
Cystic fibrosis occurs because of mutations in the gene that makes a protein called CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator). A person with CF produces abnormal CFTR protein-or no CFTR protein at all, which causes the body to make thick, sticky mucus instead of the thin, watery kind.umans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in their DNA. The CF gene is found on chromosome number 7. It takes two copies of a CF gene-one inherited from each parent-for a child to show symptoms of CF. Persons born with only one CF gene (inherited from only one parent) and one normal gene are CF carriers.