Public opinion polls evolved from a book called Public Opinions in 1922 by Walter Lippmann who stressed the importantce of public opinions for policy makers. The first successful straw poll was also published in 1916.
Times Interest Earned - TIE. Loading the player... Times interest earned (TIE) is a metric used to measure a company's ability to meet its debt obligations. The formula is calculated by taking a company's earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) and dividing it by the total interest payable on bonds and other contractual debt.
A railroad tie / railway tie / crosstie (North America), or railway sleeper (UK and Australasia) is a rectangular support for the rails in railroad tracks. Generally laid perpendicular to the rails, ties transfer loads to the track ballast and subgrade, hold the rails upright and keep them spaced to the correct gauge.