By means of the sodium-potassium pump, living human cells pump three sodium ions out of the cell in exchange for two potassium ions pumped in; comparing ion concentrations across the cell membrane, inside to outside, potassium measures about 40:1, and sodium, about 1:10.
However, in some cases, the enlarged ovary may twist or become dysfunctional. Ovarian cancer and benign tumors may also lead to an enlarged ovary. Common causes of an enlarged ovary include: Corpus luteum cyst (cyst present in the second half of the menstrual cycle) Dermoid cyst (benign tumor also known as a teratoma) Follicle cyst (cyst that forms during the menstrual cycle) Endometrioma (endometriosis affecting the ovary)
If the egg fails to release from the follicle in the ovary an ovarian cyst may form. Small ovarian cysts are common in healthy women. Some women have more follicles than usual (polycystic ovary syndrome), which inhibits the follicles to grow normally and this will cause cycle irregularities.