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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is located in the q arm of chromosome 12. It is caused by a mutation of the (PAH) phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. The (PAH) gene produces the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase and it then converts the phenylalanine to tyrosine.enetic Testing. The phenylalanine tolerance test is one form of genetic testing for PKU. It is performed by giving a person a measured amount of phenylalanine and the concentration of phenylalanine in the blood plasma is measured.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) (phenyl + ketone + -uria; /ËfinÉlËkitÉµnËjÊÉriÉ/) is an inborn error of metabolism involving impaired metabolism of phenylalanine, one of the amino acids.Phenylketonuria is caused by absent or virtually absent phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) enzyme activity.n people without PKU, the PAH enzyme breaks down any excess phenylalanine from these sources beyond what is needed by the body. However, if there is not enough of the PAH enzyme or its cofactor, then phenylalanine can build up in the blood and brain to toxic levels, affecting brain development and function.