Meeting the Unique Needs of Vocational Programs. Vocational Studies Complete contains full-text journals and a selection of full-text books applicable to two-year college programs.
Gastroesophageal reflux is a strong risk factor for this disease. The increase in incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma coincided with the introduction of medications that promote reflux by relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), such as nitroglycerin, anticholinergics, Î²-adrenergic agonists, aminophyllines, and benzodiazepines.
The esophagus is surrounded at the top and bottom by two muscular rings, known respectively as the upper esophageal sphincter, and the lower esophageal sphincter. These sphincters act to close the esophagus when food is not being swallowed.