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The function of the slime layer is to protect the bacteria cells from environmental dangers such as antibiotics and desiccation. The slime layer also allows bacteria to adhere to smooth surfaces such as prosthetic medical devices and catheters.
The cell capsule is a very large structure of some prokaryotic cells, such as bacterial cells. A true capsule is a discrete detectable layer of polysaccharides deposited outside the cell wall. A less discrete structure or matrix which embeds the cells is a called a slime layer or a biofilm. The capsule found in bacteria called a glycocalyx. It lies outside the cell envelope of bacteria and is thus deemed part of the outer envelope of a bacterial cell.