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1 Cystic fibrosis primarily affects the lungs and digestive system. 2  It leads to the production of mucus that is much thicker and more sticky than usual. 3  Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary condition, caused by a defective gene. 4  The cystic fibrosis gene must be present in both parents for a child to have the condition.
Genes are found on structures in the cells of the body called chromosomes. Each cell normally contains 46 total, or 23 pairs of chromosomes. The seventh pair of chromosomes contains a gene called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene.Mutations or errors in this gene are what cause CF.This gene is quite large and complex.ore than 1,800 different mutations in this gene have been found that cause CF. According to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, the risk for having a mutation in the gene for CF depends on your ethnic background if you have no family history of CF: Ethnic Background. Risk of CF Mutation.