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Speciation, the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution. Speciation involves the splitting of a single evolutionary lineage into two or more genetically independent lineages.
Parapatric speciation is the culmination of this unequal gene flow effect, in which genotypic dimorphism between populations results in speciation of the population and redefines the population as two or more sister species.arapatric speciation may be associated with differential landscape-dependent selection. Even if there is a gene flow between two populations, strong differential selection may impede assimilation and different species may eventually develop.