1 The hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and the gonads (ovaries, testicles) operate in a feedback loop, producing and maintaining the levels of sex hormones (androgens and estrogens) that are mainly responsible for the primary and secondary changes of puberty.
Calculation: Here is the formula for FIP: FIP = ((13*HR)+(3*(BB+HBP))-(2*K))/IP + constant. The constant is solely to bring FIP onto an ERA scale and is generally around 3.10. You can find historical FIP constant values here, or you can derive the constant yourself.
How Social Security Benefits Are Calculated The following is an excerpt from my book Social Security Made Simple: Social Security Retirement Benefits and Related Planning Topics Explained in 100 Pages or Less. The size of your monthly retirement benefit depends on: Your earnings history, and; How old you are when you first begin taking benefits. But first we need to back up a step. In order to understand how Social Security benefits are calculated, you need to be familiar with two terms: âfull retirement ageâ (FRA), and âprimary insurance amountâ (PIA). Your full retirement age depends on the year in which you were born (see table below).