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Speciation, the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution. Speciation involves the splitting of a single evolutionary lineage into two or more genetically independent lineages.
Speciation can be defined as the distribution of an element among defined chemical species in a system, and speciation analysis as the analytical activities of identifying and/or measuring the quantities of one or more individual chemical species in a sample. 1.3 Structural aspects of speciation: The definitions of species and speciation of elements are based on several different levels of atomic and molecular structure where species differences are manifest.