1 Exotoxins are proteins released by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 2  all major Gram-positives produce exotoxin. 3  except Listeria monocytogenes (produces endotoxin). 4  exotoxins are not heat stable.
Endocarditis (EN-do-kar-DI-tis) is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. This lining is called the endocardium (en-do-KAR-de-um). The condition also is called infective endocarditis (IE). The term endocarditis also is used to describe an inflammation of the endocardium due to other conditions. This article only discusses endocarditis related to infection. IE occurs if bacteria, fungi, or other germs invade your bloodstream and attach to abnormal areas of your heart.
Endocarditis is also known as infective endocarditis, bacterial endocarditis, infectious endocarditis, and fungal endocarditis. The heart consists of four chambers and four valves-these are lines with a thin layer of cells (a membrane). This membrane is called the endocardium.n infection of the endocardium causes endocarditis. The infection is generally caused by the bacteria streptococci or staphylococci. Endocarditis can be caused by fungi or other infectious micro-organisms, but very rarely.