Vasopressin has three main effects: 1  Increasing the water permeability of distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct cells in the kidney, thus allowing water reabsorption and excretion of more concentrated urine, i.e., antidiuresis.
It can be caused by damage to the vagus nerve, which regulates the digestive system. A damaged vagus nerve prevents the muscles in the stomach and intestine from functioning, preventing food from moving through the digestive system properly. Often, the cause of gastroparesis is unknown.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which food and acids in the stomach move back up into the esophagus. This is called reflux. Stomach acid from reflux can irritate the esophagus and cause heartburn, indigestion, and trouble swallowing.