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Speciation, the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution. Speciation involves the splitting of a single evolutionary lineage into two or more genetically independent lineages.
Lesson Summary. Though not common, sympatric speciation is an important evolutionary process that can separate a species into two new ones. This is a relatively uncommon form of speciation, though it has been observed in hawthorn flies and orcas.ympatric speciation occurs if interactions are so limited between these groups that mating no longer occurs between them. Each new population of flies will have genetic variation in its gene pool, which is the collective genetic information for the group.