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Overview. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is an unusual entity that has many features of an immune system malignancy. It is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of lymphoid lineage cells (typically B cells, rarely non-B lineage) in a context of posttransplant immunosuppression.
Risk Factors. The prevalence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is different for each transplanted organ. The highest rates are reported for the intestine (as much as 20%), thoracic organs (heart 2-10%, lung 4-8%), and liver (2-8%).