Pneumothorax - In a pneumothorax, air collects in the pleural cavity. It may be caused by trauma to the chest, chest surgery, and COPD among other causes. When a pneumothorax is small, it may simply be observed to see if the air is reabsorbed.
This ratio is determined by dividing the HDL cholesterol into the total cholesterol. If a person has a total cholesterol of 200 mg/dL and an HDL cholesterol of 40 mg/dL, his or her total/HDL cholesterol ratio would be 5:1. The goal is to keep this ratio below 5:1, with the ideal being below 3.5:1.his ratio is determined by dividing the HDL cholesterol into the total cholesterol. If a person has a total cholesterol of 200 mg/dL and an HDL cholesterol of 40 mg/dL, his or her total/HDL cholesterol ratio would be 5:1. The goal is to keep this ratio below 5:1, with the ideal being below 3.5:1.
For total cholesterol, less than 200 mg/dl is optimal, and the total level should be kept below 240 mg/dl to avoid the risk of heart disease. For LDL, less than 100 mg/dl is optimal, and the total level should be kept below 160 mg/dl. Finally, a healthy HDL level is set above 60 mg/dl, and should be kept above 40 mg/dl for men and above 50 mg/dl for women to prevent excessive accumulation in the blood and along the artery walls.