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Speciation, the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution. Speciation involves the splitting of a single evolutionary lineage into two or more genetically independent lineages.
Sympatric speciation occurs when populations living in the same. geographical region, become reproductively isolated. Factors such. as chromosomal changes (polyploidy), asexual reproduction, and. non-random mating can alter the gene flow. This type of speciation. is more common in plants than in animals.