1 The hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and the gonads (ovaries, testicles) operate in a feedback loop, producing and maintaining the levels of sex hormones (androgens and estrogens) that are mainly responsible for the primary and secondary changes of puberty.
Calculation: Here is the formula for FIP: FIP = ((13*HR)+(3*(BB+HBP))-(2*K))/IP + constant. The constant is solely to bring FIP onto an ERA scale and is generally around 3.10. You can find historical FIP constant values here, or you can derive the constant yourself.
Now, however, the spousal benefit is calculated as the Excess Spousal Benefit or ESB, which is determined using the following calculation: 50 percent of spouseâs PIA â your PIA = your ESB. The ESB is then added to the qualifying spouseâs Social Security retirement benefits. Hereâs an example that might help. Nancy and Owen are a married couple nearing retirement. Nancyâs PIA is $1,000 a month and Owenâs is $2,400 a month.