Neutrophils cultured in the presence of autologous serum, IFN-Î³ and GM-CSF expresses high level of MHC class II, CD80 and CD86molecules[138]. This makesthemefï¬cientAPCs, whichare capableofinducing strong T cell immune response against antigen in a MHCclass IIârestricted manner [138].
Climate is an abiotic factor - think about how many individual abiotic factors make up something as large as a climate. Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and forest fires, are also abiotic factors. These types of abiotic factors certainly have drastic effects on the ecosystems they encounter.
These environmental factors are abiotic factors. When a variety of species are present in such an ecosystem, the consequent actions of these species can affect the lives of fellow species in the area, these factors are deemed biotic factors. This page will go into the abiotic factors of the freshwater environment which determine what sort of life would be suited to living (and adapting) to the conditions of the ecosystem.