Calcium Chloride currently holds the record for melting ice at the coldest temperatures. While potassium chloride can melt ice down to approximately -13Â°F (-25Â°C) and rock salt down to -10Â°F (-23.3Â°C), Calcium Chloride can melt down to -25Â°F(-31.7Â°C). This makes Calcium Chloride ice melt the most effective ice melter during harsh winter conditions and heavy snowstorms.
If damage is caused by fair wear and tear, a landlord cannot reasonably charge this to the tenant. Of course, fair wear and tear does not include intentional or careless damage caused by the tenant or their guests at any time during their tenancy.
If your landlord has not lodged the deposit with a 3rd party company, you can take him to court to make him pay you up to 3 times the amount! Those things sound like what would be covered by wear and tear.