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In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C=O. It is common to several classes of organic compounds, as part of many larger functional groups. A compound containing a carbonyl group is often referred to as a carbonyl compound.
Description of the Carbonyl Group. It is somewhat misleading to write the carbonyl group as a covalent C=O double bond. The difference between the electronegativities of carbon and oxygen is large enough to make the C=O bond moderately polar.As a result, the carbonyl group is best described as a hybrid of the following resonance structures.hen this happens, the two valence electrons on the H-ion form a covalent bond to the carbon atom. Since carbon is tetravalent, one pair of electrons in the C=O bond is displaced onto the oxygen to form an intermediate with a negative charge on the oxygen atom.