Neutrophils cultured in the presence of autologous serum, IFN-Î³ and GM-CSF expresses high level of MHC class II, CD80 and CD86molecules[138]. This makesthemefï¬cientAPCs, whichare capableofinducing strong T cell immune response against antigen in a MHCclass IIârestricted manner [138].
Climate is an abiotic factor - think about how many individual abiotic factors make up something as large as a climate. Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and forest fires, are also abiotic factors. These types of abiotic factors certainly have drastic effects on the ecosystems they encounter.
Any non-living chemical or physical factor in the environment is considered an abiotic factor. There are three main types of abiotic factors: climatic factors consist of sunlight, atmosphere, humidity, temperature, and salinity; edaphic factors are abiotic factors regarding soil, such as the coarseness of soil, local geology, soil pH, and aeration; and social factors include land use and water availability.