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photorespiration. In a plant cell, the breakdown of a two-carbon compound produced by the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle produces the two-carbon compound, instead of its usual three-carbon product G3P, when leaf cells fix O2, instead of CO2. Photorespiration produces no sugar molecules or ATP.
Simple sugars are a basic form of carbohydrate. 'Simple' refers to the sugar molecules structural formation. Simple sugars belong to one of two categories: monosaccharides and disaccharides. Saccharides are a group of carbohydrates which include starches and sugars. Examples of monosaccharides include: 1  ribose. 2  glucose.3  fructose. 4  galactose.Simple' refers to the sugar molecules structural formation. Simple sugars belong to one of two categories: monosaccharides and disaccharides. Saccharides are a group of carbohydrates which include starches and sugars. Examples of monosaccharides include: 1  ribose. 2  glucose. 3  fructose.