Leon Berger. Noted improvements to the guillotine machine were made in 1870 by the assistant executioner and carpenter Leon Berger. Berger added a spring system, which stopped the mouton at the bottom of the groves. He added a lock/blocking device at the lunette and a new release mechanism for the blade.
An observatory is a place for observing, or studying, natural objects and events on Earth or in space. An astronomical observatory is a place to observe space. Scientists use this type of observatory to gather information about stars, planets, comets, and other things outside Earthâs atmosphere.
An astronomer is a scientist who focuses primarily on the study of space, which includes the stars, the planets and the galaxies above us. The study of astronomy is the oldest of the natural sciences, and the only science in which you can only observe, and not physically touch what is being studied.