Definition. Thoracic surgery is the repair of organs located in the thorax, or chest. The thoracic cavity lies between the neck and the diaphragm, and contains the heart and lungs (cardiopulmonary system), the esophagus, trachea, pleura, mediastinum, chest wall, and diaphragm.
If youâre reading this, chances are you switched on a light. But for the 1.3 billion people around the world who lack access to electricity, darkness is a reality. There is no electric light for children to do their homework by, no power to run refrigerators that keep perishables or needed medicine cold, no power for cooking stoves or microwaves.
According to IEA (2009) worldwide 1.456 billion people (18% of the world's population) do not have access to electricity, of which 83% live in rural areas. In 1990 around 24 percent of the world's population lacked access to electricity. India was only 43% electrified in 1990 in terms of household access but by 2015 95% of villages had some electric access. In 1979 37% of China's rural population lacked access to electricity entirely. Some 23% of people in East Java, Indonesia, a core region, also lack electricity, as surveyed in 2013. In Sub-Saharan Africa less than 10% of the rural population has access to electricity.