Other common alloys and some new superalloys comprise most of the remainder of world nickel use, with chemical uses for nickel compounds consuming less than 3% of production. As a compound, nickel has a number of niche chemical manufacturing uses, such as a catalyst for hydrogenation.
The Journal of Pan African Studies (JPAS) was established in Fresno, California in 1987 by the California Institute of Pan African Studies. ISSN: 1942-6569 (2006 - present); ISSN: 0888-6601 (1987-1988); ISSN: 2156-5600 (Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies); OCLC: 13683769.
In 1984, GSA introduced the federal government to the use of charge cards, known as the GMA SmartPay system. The National Archives and Records Administration was spun off into an independent agency in 1985.