Acute and chronic hypertensive changes may manifest in the eyes, respectively, from acute changes from malignant hypertension and chronic changes from long-term, systemic hypertension. Ocular involvement in the setting of malignant hypertension was first described by Liebreich, in 1859.
Miniature Schnauzers have a very square-shaped build, measuring 13 to 14 inches (33 to 36 cm) tall and weighing 10 to 15 pounds (4.5 to 6.8 kg) for females and 11 to 18 pounds (5.0 to 8.2 kg) for males. They have a double coat, with wiry exterior fur and a soft undercoat.
Ideal weight: 9-12 kgs (20-26 lbs). Miniature ideal weight; 4.5kgs (10lbs). Desired maximum weight 5kgs (11lbs). Exhibits which appear thin and undernourished should be severely penalised. In the UK, Miniature Dachshunds may be weighed by judges to determine their size compared with the ideal given in the Standard. Countless breeders have shown, over 60 years, that it is possible to breed fit and healthy Miniature Dachshunds that do not exceed 5 kg/11 lbs.