A total colectomy with some or all of the rectum left in place may be done in certain cases of either ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. A total colectomy will also require the creation of an ileostomy (with a stoma, where a bag is worn on the outside of the body to collect stool).
Climatology or climate science is the scientific study of climate, scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of time. This modern field of study is regarded as a branch of the atmospheric sciences and a subfield of physical geography, which is one of the Earth sciences. Climatology now includes aspects of oceanography and biogeochemistry. Basic knowledge of climate can be used within shorter term weather forecasting using analog techniques such as the El NiÃ±o ...
Climate refers to the weather pattern of a place over a long period, maybe 30 years or more, long enough to yield meaningful averages (). For example, although the weather in Pakistan may be cool and dry today, Pakistan's climate is hot most of the time. Meteorology studies weather, while Climatology studies climate. Both are Atmospheric sciences, and indeed, several university departments are named in this manner to avoid division.