- The amount of state or federal funds allocated to a Charter School to spend. on a particular grant or specific use of funds. The state allotment to Charter Schools is. based on dollars received on the Average Daily Membership (ADM).
The authors also describe how the cost and risks related to blood transfusions have driven the search for alternatives to blood. A single blood unit costs approximately US$700 to US$1200. US patients receive transfusions of 24 million blood products (red blood cells, fresh-frozen plasma, and platelets) each year. However, patients who receive blood are at increased risk for infection, kidney failure, lung dysfunction, transfusion reactions, and many other health complications.
The extra money they get from these sales further subsidizes the local prices. This effect can be dramatic: The same unit of red blood cells might cost $220 in Los Angeles but only $150 in Des Moines. The system of blood distribution hasn't always relied on volunteer donors. Until the 1970s, a major portion of the nation's blood supply came from paid donors.