Neutrophils cultured in the presence of autologous serum, IFN-Î³ and GM-CSF expresses high level of MHC class II, CD80 and CD86molecules[138]. This makesthemefï¬cientAPCs, whichare capableofinducing strong T cell immune response against antigen in a MHCclass IIârestricted manner [138].
Climate is an abiotic factor - think about how many individual abiotic factors make up something as large as a climate. Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and forest fires, are also abiotic factors. These types of abiotic factors certainly have drastic effects on the ecosystems they encounter.
1 Abiotic factors could affect biotic factors, which are living things, by affecting their ability to survive and reproduce.Biotic Factors:Â· The biotic factors that contain the alpine tundra are living organisms that impact the growth, composition, and structure of the alpine (e.g., insects, herbivores, humans). Arctic and alpine tundra are areas where trees grow lightly because of the short growing season, low precipitation (rain, snow or hail fall), strong winds, and high altitude.