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2.5.3 State that interphase is an active period in the life of a cell when many metabolic reactions occur, including protein synthesis, DNA replication and an increase in the number of mitochondria and/or chloroplasts. During interphase the cell grows larger.
Mitochondria are semi-autonomous in that they are only partially dependent on the cell to replicate and grow. They have their own DNA, ribosomes, make their own proteins, and have some control over their reproduction. Similar to bacteria, mitochondria have circular DNA and replicate by a reproductive process called binary fission. Prior to replication, mitochondria merge together in a process called fusion. Fusion is needed in order to maintain stability, as without it, mitochondria will get smaller as they divide.