Neutrophils cultured in the presence of autologous serum, IFN-Î³ and GM-CSF expresses high level of MHC class II, CD80 and CD86molecules[138]. This makesthemefï¬cientAPCs, whichare capableofinducing strong T cell immune response against antigen in a MHCclass IIârestricted manner [138].
Climate is an abiotic factor - think about how many individual abiotic factors make up something as large as a climate. Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and forest fires, are also abiotic factors. These types of abiotic factors certainly have drastic effects on the ecosystems they encounter.
the abiotic factors of an ecosystem are the nonliving things that affect the reproduction and survival of living organisms living organisms interact with these abiotic factors in many ways oak trees need the right amount of sunlight to grow if the soil is too acidic some of the wildflowers in the forest might not survive biotic factors are the living things in an ecosystem they interact with each other as well as the nonliving things around them