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photorespiration. In a plant cell, the breakdown of a two-carbon compound produced by the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle produces the two-carbon compound, instead of its usual three-carbon product G3P, when leaf cells fix O2, instead of CO2. Photorespiration produces no sugar molecules or ATP.
Simple sugars: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides) Complex sugar: polysaccharides (starch and fiber) Simple carbohydrates. Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, and galactose  isomers of each other) Glucose (also called dextrose and blood sugar) has a six carbon (hexose) ring structure.