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Rights of Protesters. The right to join with fellow citizens in protest or peaceful assembly is critical to a functioning democracy and at the core of the First Amendment. Unfortunately, law enforcement officials sometimes violate this right through means intended to thwart free public expression.
Freedom of Assembly and Petition. Congress shall make no law... abridging...the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Under modern Supreme Court jurisprudence, the right to petition and the right of peaceable assembly have been almost completely collapsed into freedom of speech. Yet an analysis of the text and background of the First Amendment suggests that the petition and assembly rights have independent scope.