Early cases of BXO can appear similar to those of candidal balanitis or to those of one of the various penile dermatoses, such as vitiligo, scleroderma, or erythroplasia of Queyrat. Although physical findings can suggest BXO, cutaneous biopsy and histology are needed to make a definitive diagnosis (Figure 4).
The Apennines form the backbone of the country running down the full length of the Italian peninsula from the Cadibona Pass to the tip of Calabria, continuing onto the island of Sicily. The range is about 2,000 kilometres long.
In the north, Italy shares some of the highest mountains of the Alps with its neighbouring countries France and Switzerland. The Aosta Valley is one of the country's mountainous highlights including the impressive Mont Blanc (4,897 m), Monte Rosa (4,633 m) and Matterhorn (4,478 m). look at the map of Italy immediately shows that the country is characterised by two big mountain ranges: the Alps in the north and the Apennine mountains along most parts of the peninsula. Surrounded by four seas on three sides, the land is mostly hilly with only few plain sections.