After the allegations that both Assistant Treasury Secretary Harry Dexter White and FDR advisor Alger Hiss were Soviet agents, loyalty tests were required for government and other employment and lists of subversive organizations were maintained.
Exiled to the island of Elba, he escaped to France in early 1815 and raised a new Grand Army that enjoyed temporary success before its crushing defeat at Waterloo against an allied force under Wellington on June 18, 1815. Napoleon was subsequently exiled to the island of Saint Helena off the coast of Africa. Six years later, he died, most likely of stomach cancer, and in 1840 his body was returned to Paris, where it was interred in the Hotel des Invalides.
Feb. 26, 1815: Napoleon escapes from Elba to begin his second conquest of France. For the man with historyâs first recorded Napoleon complex, it must have been the consummate insult. After Napoleon Bonaparteâs disastrous campaign in Russia ended in defeat, he was forced into exile on Elba. He retained the title of emperor â but of the Mediterranean islandâs 12,000 inhabitants, not the 70 million Europeans over whom heâd once had dominion.