Primary succession on Rangitoto Island. Primary succession is one of two types of biological and ecological succession of plant life, occurring in an environment in which new substrate devoid of vegetation and other organisms usually lacking soil, such as a lava flow or area left from retreated glacier, is deposited.n primary succession pioneer species like lichen, algae and fungi as well as other abiotic factors like wind and water start to normalize the habitat. Primary succession begins on rock formations, such as volcanoes or mountains, or in a place with no organisms or soil.
The ego-defensive function refers to holding attitudes that protect our self-esteem or that justify actions that make us feel guilty. For example, one way children might defend themselves against the feelings of humiliation they have experienced in P.E. lessons is to adopt a strongly negative attitude to all sport. The ego-defensive function refers to holding attitudes that protect our self-esteem or that justify actions that make us feel guilty.
This feeling is called anxiety, and it serves as a signal to the ego that its survival, and with it the survival of the whole organism, is in jeopardy. In order to deal with conflict and problems in life, Freud stated that the ego employs a range of defense mechanisms.Defense mechanisms operate at an unconscious level and help ward off unpleasant feelings (i.e. anxiety) or make good things feel better for the individual.here is a perpetual battle between the wish (repressed into the id) and the defense mechanisms. We use defense mechanisms to protect ourselves from feelings of anxiety or guilt, which arise because we feel threatened, or because our id or superego becomes too demanding.