Literally, in order for a vortex to be classified as a tornado, it must be in contact with the ground and the cloud base. Weather scientists haven't found it so simple in practice, however, to classify and define tornadoes (per this essay by Doswell).
Bikini Island, 2015. Credit: Emlyn Hughes. (Phys.org)âA team of researchers from Columbia University in New York has found that all of the Marshall Islands involved in nuclear tests by the U.S. are now habitable, except for Bikini Atoll.
The Supreme Court of California has recognized that every tenancy has an implied warranty of habitability. The warranty of habitability requires that landlords maintain a rental property in a condition that is fit for human occupancy. Landlords are responsible for complying with building and housing code standards which materially affect health and safety.