Collection efforts after bankruptcy are illegal. Pretty simple stuff, actually â if a debt is discharged, nobody can collect from you for ever and ever, amen. The trick is to know what happens if a creditor does, in fact, try to collect after bankruptcy. Are they breaking the bankruptcy laws and, if so, what is the penalty? Most courts have held that there is no private remedy for the violation of the discharge injunction. The remedy is by bringing a lawsuit for contempt of a court order, which leads to sanctions and an award of legal fees.
France signed preliminary articles of peace with Great Britain on January 20, 1783, followed by a formal peace of Paris signed on September 3, 1783. The illustration above, a copy of a sketch by the studio of Benjamin West, shows the American negotiators of the Peace of Paris.
On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted to approve a Virginia motion calling for separation from Britain. The dramatic words of this resolution were added to the closing of the Declaration of Independence. Two days later, on July 4, the declaration was formally adopted by 12 colonies after minor revision. New York, the 13th colony, approved it on July 19. On August 2, the declaration was signed. The American War for Independence would last for five years. Yet to come were the Patriot triumphs at Saratoga, the bitter winter at Valley Forge, the intervention of the French and the final victory at Yorktown in 1781.