The prognosis of isolated volar plate sprains of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is related to the extension deficit. Some consider an associated avulsion fracture as a sign of severity. The goal of this study was to find out whether the outcomes of conservative treatment in PIP volar plate injury was impacted by the presence of an avulsion fracture.
Heartburn Prevention. As stated above, heartburn can be reduced or prevented by a stepwise treatment program that includes lifestyle changes, avoiding certain foods, OTC medications, prescription medications, and infrequently, surgical intervention.
Heartburn Causes. The cause of heartburn is excessive flow of gastric contents back into the esophagus. Normally, there is an occasional backflow into the esophagus with no symptoms. The acidic gastric contents, when present in large amounts, irritate the esophagus (usually the lower part) and cause the symptoms of heartburn. Symptoms of heartburn usually consist of a sensation of burning or discomfort after eating, located in the middle of the lower chest underneath the sternum (breastbone).