Practice Essentials. Perinatal asphyxia, more appropriately known as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), is characterized by clinical and laboratory evidence of acute or subacute brain injury due to asphyxia. The primary causes of this condition are systemic hypoxemia and/or reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) (see the image below).
Chondrichthyes (/kÉnËdrÉªkÎ¸É¨.iËz/ ; from Greek ÏÎ¿Î½Î´Ï- chondr- 'cartilage', á¼°ÏÎ¸ÏÏ ichthys 'fish') is a class that contains the cartilaginous fishes: they are jawed vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, scales, a heart with its chambers in series, and skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone.he skeleton is cartilaginous. The notochord, which is present in the young, is gradually replaced by cartilage. Chondrichthyes also lack ribs, so if they leave water, the larger species' own body weight would crush their internal organs long before they would suffocate.
It consists of jawless fish that do not have scale s. These are the lampreys and hagfish. Fish that have skeletons consisting of hard rubber-like cartilage rather than bone are members of the class Chondrichthyes. These are the sharks and rays. All of the bony fish are members of the class Osteichthyes.