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Magma in Earth's Mantle Forms Deeper Than Once Thought. Study simulating pressures in mantle beneath the ocean floor shows that rocks can melt at depths up to 250 kilometers. When magma reaches Earth's surface and erupts from a volcano, it becomes lava.
The volcano's magma forms deep in the Earth's mantle, the layer between the planet's crust and its core. The magma, which is fluid molten rock, then flows upwards to a pool about five miles (8 km) below the peak, the study found. The pool appears to be about 5 to 10 miles (8 km to 16 km) thick and the same width, the researchers said. (Reporting by Victoria Cavaliere; Editing by Daniel Wallis and Eric Walsh).