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Magma in Earth's Mantle Forms Deeper Than Once Thought. Study simulating pressures in mantle beneath the ocean floor shows that rocks can melt at depths up to 250 kilometers. When magma reaches Earth's surface and erupts from a volcano, it becomes lava.
Now this is pretty cool, because it means that the lava doesn't actually even see the lighter 2.9 ocean crust on the way up, but is surrounded by very dense material all the way to the base of the magma chamber. This gives the magma a strong driving pressure all the way into the chamber.omewhere around this same depth we see an increase in seismic velocities to about 8 km/second (at 8 km depth), a reflection of very dense material directly beneath the magma chamber. This very dense material is only found beneath the summit at shallow depths and has a density about equivalent to the mantle.