Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to conclusions. Charles Sanders Peirce divided inference into three kinds: deduction, induction, and abduction. Deduction is inference deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true, with the laws of valid inference being studied in logic.
Meiosis is the process by which most eukaryotic organisms, those with cells having an organized nucleus, produces sex cells, the male and female gametes. Cells normally have two copies of each chromosome, one donated from each parent.
Each daughter cell contains one half of the chromatid pair, or DNA. Meiosis, however, involves two divisions that produce a total of four daughter cells. During both meiosis I and meiosis II, cells undergo the same phases found in mitosis, but the processes and results are different. Within meiosis I, homologous chromosomes become paired and crossing over occurs.