Congress determines how many PAS and NC-SES appointments the president can make. But the president decides how many PA and Schedule C positions will be in his or her administration. Positions in the PAS category include high-ranking cabinet roles and judiciary appointments. PA positions include the president's executive staff. NC-SES jobs are senior management positions -- typically with titles like deputy undersecretary or bureau director.
How Long Does Medical Residency Training Last? Medical residency is a minimum of three years for primary care physicians and some other specialties, up to five years for some surgical specialties. (Some medical specialties require additional years of fellowship training in addition to the three to five years of residency training.)
The Role of Medical Residency Programs and the Medical Resident in the Healthcare System. The residency program is a fundamental part of our healthcare system and the use of low-paid interns and residents help control costs. Residents work long hours and can be on call every 2 to 4 days.Historically they often spent 30 to 36 hours at a time in the hospital, often with little or no sleep. Before work-hour changes resident physicians work up to 120 hours a week, including 36 hour shifts for several weeks at a time. 2  After 24 hours of wakefulness, cognitive function deteriorates to a level equivalent to having a 0.1% blood alcohol level.