during cost analysis you will also compare the proposed cost elements with i actual costs ii previous cost estimates for same or similar work iii other cost estimates iv independent government estimates and v forecasts of planned expenditures
How Decibels Apply to Music and Sound. In music, decibels are a measurement of Sound Pressure Level (SPL). When we say the speakers at a rock concert are playing at 110dB, what we really mean is that theyâre playing at 110dB SPL. Since the decibel is only a ratio, 110dB is actually a comparison to a different number: 0 SPL.
How to Measure Decibels. In common usage, decibels are usually a way to measure the volume (loudness) of a sound. Decibels are a base 10 logarithmic unit, which means that increasing a sound by 10 decibels results in a sound that is twice as loud as the base sound. In general terms, a sound's decibel value is given by the formula 10Log10(I/10-12), where I = the sound's intensity in watts/square meter.