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Purpose. Surfactant reduces the surface tension of fluid in the lungs and helps make the small air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) more stable. This keeps them from collapsing when an individual exhales.or example, if a drop of detergent is added to a drop of water, the detergent reduces the surface tension and the drop of water flattens out. In the lungs, surfactant reduces the surface tension and helps to maximize the surface area available for gas exchange.
Research: Biophysical Study of Lung Surfactant. Lung/pulmonary surfactant is a phospholipid-protein complex that lines a thin film at the air-water interface of the lung. The surfactant film of the lung plays a dual role of surface tension reduction and host defense against inhaled pathogens and particles.ung/pulmonary surfactant is a phospholipid-protein complex that lines a thin film at the air-water interface of the lung.