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Magma in Earth's Mantle Forms Deeper Than Once Thought. Study simulating pressures in mantle beneath the ocean floor shows that rocks can melt at depths up to 250 kilometers. When magma reaches Earth's surface and erupts from a volcano, it becomes lava.
It was known before that Kilauea had small, shallow magma chambers , said Guoqing Lin, UM Rosenstiel School assistant professor of geology and geophysics and lead author of the study. This study is the first geophysical observation that large magma chambers exist in the deep oceanic crust below..The study also showed that the deep chamber is composed of magma mush, a mixture of 10-percent magma and 90-percent rock.The crustal magma reservoir below Kilauea is similar to those widely observed beneath volcanoes located at mid-ocean ridges.his is the first geophysical observation that large magma chambers exist in the deeper parts of the volcano system. Scientists analyzed the seismic waves that travel through the volcano to understand the internal structure of the volcanic system.