Congress determines how many PAS and NC-SES appointments the president can make. But the president decides how many PA and Schedule C positions will be in his or her administration. Positions in the PAS category include high-ranking cabinet roles and judiciary appointments. PA positions include the president's executive staff. NC-SES jobs are senior management positions -- typically with titles like deputy undersecretary or bureau director.
How Long Does Medical Residency Training Last? Medical residency is a minimum of three years for primary care physicians and some other specialties, up to five years for some surgical specialties. (Some medical specialties require additional years of fellowship training in addition to the three to five years of residency training.)
Having completed eight years of higher education, physicians that enter a residency program are known as residents. Resident programs range from three to seven years in length, depending on the chosen specialty. Occasionally, residents will be called interns during their first year of residency, though this is no longer common. After the completion of their residency program, a physician may decide to enter into practice. Upon obtaining a medical license, physicians may enter a field such as general surgery or family practice.