Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to conclusions. Charles Sanders Peirce divided inference into three kinds: deduction, induction, and abduction. Deduction is inference deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true, with the laws of valid inference being studied in logic.
Meiosis is the process by which most eukaryotic organisms, those with cells having an organized nucleus, produces sex cells, the male and female gametes. Cells normally have two copies of each chromosome, one donated from each parent.
In meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair (briefly) and each of the four chromatids in that pairing makes it into its own nucleus, giving rise to four haploid nuclei. Unlike mitosis, which occurs in one cell division event, meiosis occurs through two division events.