Congress determines how many PAS and NC-SES appointments the president can make. But the president decides how many PA and Schedule C positions will be in his or her administration. Positions in the PAS category include high-ranking cabinet roles and judiciary appointments. PA positions include the president's executive staff. NC-SES jobs are senior management positions -- typically with titles like deputy undersecretary or bureau director.
How Long Does Medical Residency Training Last? Medical residency is a minimum of three years for primary care physicians and some other specialties, up to five years for some surgical specialties. (Some medical specialties require additional years of fellowship training in addition to the three to five years of residency training.)
You must spend anywhere from 2 to 8 years more in residency, depending on medical specialty or subspecialty you want to pursue. If you want to be a generalist physician/family physician/primary-care physician you need to spend 2-3 years after medical school in residency training.