One strong possibility for the cause of this scenario is a hoof abscess--a localized accumulation of pus within the horse's hoof. The good news is that abscesses can often be resolved quickly and easily with proper veterinary care and leave no lasting damage.
A: The sodium-potassium pump is an essential cellular membrane protein that functions by pumping out three sodium ions and taking in two potassium ions. This mechanism preserves the electrochemical gradient formed from the varying concentrations of sodium and potassium ions within the cell and its exterior. Continue Reading
The action of the sodium-potassium pump is an example of primary active transport. The two carrier proteins on the left are using ATP to move sodium out of the cell against the concentration gradient. The proteins on the right are using secondary active transport to move potassium into the cell. Active transport is the movement of a substance across a membrane against its concentration gradient.