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Most of the time, no apparent cause for night leg cramps can be identified. In general, night leg cramps are likely to be related to muscle fatigue and nerve problems. The risk of having night leg cramps increases with age. Pregnant women also have a higher likelihood of having night leg cramps. Several conditions, such as kidney failure and diabetic nerve damage, are known to cause night leg cramps. But if you have one of these, you're most likely aware of it and have symptoms other than night leg cramps.
Muscle spasms, cramps or twitches are involuntary and sometimes painful movements or contractions of the muscles within the body. They can occur if a muscle is overused, such as during exercise, and if you are dehydrated. Low levels of potassium and calcium can also cause muscle spasms. Muscle spasms can also result from alcoholism, hypothyroidism, kidney failure and certain drugs and medications, including caffeine. Muscle spasms and cramps can usually be relieved by stretching your muscle and increasing your fluid intake.