Practice Essentials. Perinatal asphyxia, more appropriately known as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), is characterized by clinical and laboratory evidence of acute or subacute brain injury due to asphyxia. The primary causes of this condition are systemic hypoxemia and/or reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) (see the image below).
Chondrichthyes (/kÉnËdrÉªkÎ¸É¨.iËz/ ; from Greek ÏÎ¿Î½Î´Ï- chondr- 'cartilage', á¼°ÏÎ¸ÏÏ ichthys 'fish') is a class that contains the cartilaginous fishes: they are jawed vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, scales, a heart with its chambers in series, and skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone.he skeleton is cartilaginous. The notochord, which is present in the young, is gradually replaced by cartilage. Chondrichthyes also lack ribs, so if they leave water, the larger species' own body weight would crush their internal organs long before they would suffocate.
Holoptychius-late Devonian period. The Sarcopterygii. are generally robust osteichthyan fishes with fleshy lobe-fins. They are distinguished from the Actinopterygians or ray-finned fish by their muscular fins with articulating bones.The fins are called lobe fins because they are fleshy and like the limbs of land animals, rather than the fins of familiar ray-finned fish.The lobe fins swivel on a shoulder or hip socket (like a tetrapod limb) and most of the bones can be matched directly to the bones in the limbs of land animals.oloptychius-late Devonian period. The Sarcopterygii. are generally robust osteichthyan fishes with fleshy lobe-fins. They are distinguished from the Actinopterygians or ray-finned fish by their muscular fins with articulating bones.