Average total cost, sometimes referred to as the per unit total cost, is the per unit cost. This includes fixed costs, those costs that are required for production but do not change based on output, and variable costs, those costs that increase (or decrease) as output increases (or decreases).
Stress Testing/Stress Echocardiogram A stress echocardiogram is a non-invasive test that combines two tests--a treadmill stress test (TST) and an echocardiogram (ECHO). This test is used to see how the heart muscle contracts during rest and during exercise. A stress echo is made up of three parts: a resting echo study, a stress test, and a repeat echo while the heart is beating fast.
We estimate that if 20 percent of EKGs are false, the follow-up tests will cost about $683 million, and that doesn't account for the stress that a patient feels, the time off from work they have to take, and the possible complications that result from the follow-up test..