Practice Essentials. Perinatal asphyxia, more appropriately known as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), is characterized by clinical and laboratory evidence of acute or subacute brain injury due to asphyxia. The primary causes of this condition are systemic hypoxemia and/or reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) (see the image below).
Chondrichthyes (/kÉnËdrÉªkÎ¸É¨.iËz/ ; from Greek ÏÎ¿Î½Î´Ï- chondr- 'cartilage', á¼°ÏÎ¸ÏÏ ichthys 'fish') is a class that contains the cartilaginous fishes: they are jawed vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, scales, a heart with its chambers in series, and skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone.he skeleton is cartilaginous. The notochord, which is present in the young, is gradually replaced by cartilage. Chondrichthyes also lack ribs, so if they leave water, the larger species' own body weight would crush their internal organs long before they would suffocate.
Osteichthyes-Bony Fish. This is the largest class of vertebrates. There are over 29,000 species of bony fish found in freshwater and marine environments around the world. Bony fish differ from fish like sharks and rays in the chondrichthyes class.Instead of cartilage, bony fish have bones.Bony fish also have a swim bladder.ony fish differ from fish like sharks and rays in the chondrichthyes class. Instead of cartilage, bony fish have bones. Bony fish also have a swim bladder.