Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to conclusions. Charles Sanders Peirce divided inference into three kinds: deduction, induction, and abduction. Deduction is inference deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true, with the laws of valid inference being studied in logic.
Meiosis is the process by which most eukaryotic organisms, those with cells having an organized nucleus, produces sex cells, the male and female gametes. Cells normally have two copies of each chromosome, one donated from each parent.
Fertilization establishes the regular diploid number of chromosomes in the zygote. Meiosis occurs over two cycles of cell division, which sperm cells complete before fertilization. Meiosis in the egg cell stops during metaphase of the second cycle. At fertilization, meiosis II resumes and the duplicate copies of each chromosome are pulled apart.