Heart-related causes. Examples of heart-related causes of chest pain include: Heart attack. A heart attack is a result of a blood clot that's blocking blood flow to your heart muscle. Angina. Thick plaques can gradually build up on the inner walls of the arteries that carry blood to your heart.
Incidence and Prevalence: The shoulder is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body, and glenohumeral dislocation accounts for more than half of all joint dislocations in the US. Approximately 95% of the glenohumeral dislocations are anterior dislocations, and 4% are posterior dislocations (Park). An international estimate of the annual incidence of glenohumeral dislocation is 17 per 100,000 individuals (Wilson).
Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD) was described in a 2003 landmark article in the Journal of Arthroscopy by Dr.âs Burhart, Morgan and Kibler. GIRD is the loss in degrees of glenohumeral internal rotation compared to the contralateral shoulder.Examination includes stabilizing the glenohumeral joint with anterior-posterior pressure on the joint in the supine position with the shoulder abducted at 90 degrees.Internal rotation is measured in degrees.IRD: A Common Cause of Shoulder Pain. (1) This article not only defined the pathomechanics of GIRD but also showed a more accurate method to examine internal rotation of the shoulder.