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Brown, who was intensely against slavery, led an attack on the Federal arsenal in Virginia. His goal was â¦ to free the slaves in that State and perhaps start a slave rebellion. The arsenal had the weapons John Brown needed. He was captured by Federal troops and later hanged for treason against the State of Virginia. The Virginia Governor, Henry Wise, was the individual who actually charged Brown with treason.
Historians agree John Brown played a major role in the start of the Civil War. Historian David Potter has said the emotional effect of Brown's raid was greater than the philosophical effect of the LincolnâDouglas debates, and that his raid revealed a deep division between North and South.he song  John Brown's Body  made him a martyr and was a popular Union marching song during the Civil War. Brown's actions prior to the Civil War as an abolitionist, and the tactics he chose, still make him a controversial figure today.