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Magma in Earth's Mantle Forms Deeper Than Once Thought. Study simulating pressures in mantle beneath the ocean floor shows that rocks can melt at depths up to 250 kilometers. When magma reaches Earth's surface and erupts from a volcano, it becomes lava.
Giant Crystal Cave. 1  Giant Crystal Cave is situated above a magma chamber, that emanates great heat, and due to the mineral rich water originally in the cave, the undisturbed environment and hydrothermal circulation, the huge crystals had the opportunity to form over thousands of years.