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Magma in Earth's Mantle Forms Deeper Than Once Thought. Study simulating pressures in mantle beneath the ocean floor shows that rocks can melt at depths up to 250 kilometers. When magma reaches Earth's surface and erupts from a volcano, it becomes lava.
And they had also imaged a shallow magma chamber about 10 kilometers below the surface, containing about 10,000 cubic kilometers of molten material. But now they have found a deeper one, 4.5 times larger, that sits between 20 and 50 kilometers below the surface. Read the full story 1  âº. Text smaller.nd they had also imaged a shallow magma chamber about 10 kilometers below the surface, containing about 10,000 cubic kilometers of molten material. But now they have found a deeper one, 4.5 times larger, that sits between 20 and 50 kilometers below the surface. Read the full story 1  âº. Text smaller.