Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to conclusions. Charles Sanders Peirce divided inference into three kinds: deduction, induction, and abduction. Deduction is inference deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true, with the laws of valid inference being studied in logic.
Meiosis is the process by which most eukaryotic organisms, those with cells having an organized nucleus, produces sex cells, the male and female gametes. Cells normally have two copies of each chromosome, one donated from each parent.
Not all cells divide through the process of mitosis. Organisms that reproduce sexually also undergo a type of cell division called meiosis. Meiosis occurs in sex cells and is similar in process to mitosis. After a complete cell cycle in meiosis however, four daughter cells are produced. Each cell contains one half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell.