Â© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. An inverse relationship between household income and violence exposure in youth hasbeen reported in numerous studies (e.g., Garbarino & Crouter, 1978; Gelles, 1992; Gelles& Straus, 1979; Steinberg, Catalano, & Dooley, 1981).
The head, attached to the top of the vertebral column, is balanced, moved, and rotated by the neck muscles (). When these muscles act unilaterally, the head rotates. When they contract bilaterally, the head flexes or extends. The major muscle that laterally flexes and rotates the head is the sternocleidomastoid.
Splenius. The splenius muscle of the head and the splenius muscle of the neck work together so that the neck and the head can extend (tilt backward) and rotate. The splenius muscle of the head, also known as the splenius capitis, is a broad muscle located at the back of the neck.It is attached to the base of the skull.he splenius muscle of the neck, also known as the splenius cervicis, is a smaller muscle that is positioned slightly below the splenius capitis. Damage or injury to either splenius muscle can cause neck pain, headaches, facial pain, or shoulder pain.