Hemispherical combustion chamber. In this design combustion chamber is approximately the shape of hemisphere. An intake valve is on one side of the combustion chamber and an exhaust valve is on the other. This provides a cross flow the air-fuel mixture enters the chamber on one side and combustion gases on the other.
Congress set up PBGC to insure the defined-benefit pensions of working Americans. Defined-benefit pension plans are traditional pensions that pay a certain amount each month after you retire. If you have a pension from a private-sector job, you are probably one of the 44 million Americans covered by PBGC insurance protection. PBGC insures nearly 26,000 pension plans.
In a number of countries the pension sector is in the midst of regulatory and. accounting reform1. The reforms are largely a response to the deterioration in the funding. of defined benefit (DB) pension plans from about 20012 and longstanding concerns. regarding the effect of complex, opaque pension accounting methods on the valuation of. the DB pension plan and the sponsoring firm.