One advantage of the transperitoneal approach to laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) is the familiarity of the anatomy to most urologists. An understanding of the ligaments at the upper and lateral borders of each kidney helps in colon mobilization and dissection of the upper renal poles.
polyglandular autoimmune syndrome; PGA syndrome type 1; autoimmune polyendocrinopathy type 1; autoimmune-polyendocrine-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy syndrome; Disorder Subdivisions. None; General Discussion. APS-1 is a rare and complex inherited disorder of immune-cell dysfunction with multiple autoimmunities. It presents as a constellation of symptoms and side-effects with potentially life-threatening endocrine gland and gastro-intestinal
Recognizing Symptoms of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. The symptoms of HUS vary. They can result from E. coli toxins, kidney damage, and the loss of red blood cells and platelets. Symptoms could include: 1  bloody diarrhea. 2  abdominal pain. 3  pale skin. 4  irritability. 5  fatigue. 6  fever. 7  unexplained bruises or bleeding. 8  decreased urination. 9  abdominal swelling.