Â© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. An inverse relationship between household income and violence exposure in youth hasbeen reported in numerous studies (e.g., Garbarino & Crouter, 1978; Gelles, 1992; Gelles& Straus, 1979; Steinberg, Catalano, & Dooley, 1981).
The head, attached to the top of the vertebral column, is balanced, moved, and rotated by the neck muscles (). When these muscles act unilaterally, the head rotates. When they contract bilaterally, the head flexes or extends. The major muscle that laterally flexes and rotates the head is the sternocleidomastoid.
Back Upper-Neck (Cervical) Trapezius Spasm Treatment. Spasms of the trapezius muscle and other supporting muscles. Trapezius is a large superficial muscle that extends from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae and laterally to the spine of the scapula.Its functions are to move the scapulae and support the arm.Trapezius strain can result from. 1  exercise.2  stress.pasms of the trapezius muscle and other supporting muscles. Trapezius is a large superficial muscle that extends from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae and laterally to the spine of the scapula. Its functions are to move the scapulae and support the arm. Trapezius strain can result from. 1  exercise. 2  stress.