Statistical tests can be either one or two-sided, and this is important for finding the critical value of a test. Below are three possible null and alternative hypotheses for a single sample mean test. Given the same alpha, each of the three tests would have a different critical value (or values).
Warning Signs of Osteoarthritis. 1  Pain and stiffness in a joint after getting out of bed or sitting for long. 2  Swelling in one or more joints, especially those at the ends of the fingers (closest to the nail), thumbs, neck, lower back, knees, and hips. 3  Crunching feeling or the sound of bone rubbing on bone.
The joint lining can get inflamed, but itâs not a major part of osteoarthritis. Symptoms depend on which joint or joints are affected. You may have: 1  Deep, aching pain. 2  Trouble dressing, combing hair, gripping things, sitting, or bending over. 3  Joint is warm to the touch.