To test data integrity, the sender of the data calculates checksum value by taking the sum of the binary data transmitted. When receiving the data, the receiver can perform the same calculation on the data and compare it with the checksum value provided by the sender.
Venusâ atmosphere is much thicker than Earthâs, preventing a clear view of the planet. Its atmosphere is dominated by carbon dioxide, and features swirling clouds of sulfuric acid. The atmosphere on Mars is also dominated by carbon dioxide, although unlike Venus, it is quite thin. Gas giants are composed of gases.
Water vapor is an extremely important gas in our atmosphere. Not only does it form into both liquid and solid cloud particles that grow in size and fall to earth as precipitation, but it also releases large amounts of heatâcalled latent heatâwhen it changes from vapor into liquid water or ice.