The compound annual growth rate, or CAGR for short, measures the return on an investment over a certain period of time. Below is an overview of how to calculate it by hand, and in Excel. Check out our full list of FAQs on calculating key financial measures in Microsoft Excel. CAGR Defined.
A positive Lachman test or pivot test is strong evidence of an existing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, and a negative Lachman test is fairly good evidence against that injury. Although widely used, the anterior drawer is the least helpful maneuver for diagnosing an ACL tear.
The ANA, or antinuclear antigen, is a blood test for a cell antigen, or protein. It is a screening test that is reported as either positive or negative. If the it is positive, then the lab performs what is called a reflex to titer, which is a test that determines how strong the result is. For example, if the ANA is positive, then the titer may be reported as 1:40, which is weak, or as 1:320, which is strong.