Statistical tests can be either one or two-sided, and this is important for finding the critical value of a test. Below are three possible null and alternative hypotheses for a single sample mean test. Given the same alpha, each of the three tests would have a different critical value (or values).
Warning Signs of Osteoarthritis. 1  Pain and stiffness in a joint after getting out of bed or sitting for long. 2  Swelling in one or more joints, especially those at the ends of the fingers (closest to the nail), thumbs, neck, lower back, knees, and hips. 3  Crunching feeling or the sound of bone rubbing on bone.
Symptoms of osteoarthritis can range from mild to severe. They may include: 1  Pain. 2  Your joints may ache, or the pain may feel burning or sharp. 3  For some people, the pain may come and go. 4  Constant pain or pain while you sleep may be a sign that your arthritis is getting worse. 5  Stiffness. 6  When you have arthritis, getting up in the morning can be hard.