One advantage of the transperitoneal approach to laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) is the familiarity of the anatomy to most urologists. An understanding of the ligaments at the upper and lateral borders of each kidney helps in colon mobilization and dissection of the upper renal poles.
polyglandular autoimmune syndrome; PGA syndrome type 1; autoimmune polyendocrinopathy type 1; autoimmune-polyendocrine-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy syndrome; Disorder Subdivisions. None; General Discussion. APS-1 is a rare and complex inherited disorder of immune-cell dysfunction with multiple autoimmunities. It presents as a constellation of symptoms and side-effects with potentially life-threatening endocrine gland and gastro-intestinal
often the first recognizable symptoms of an autoimmune disease can be fatigue muscle aches low grade fever difficulty concentrating inflammation which can cause redness heat pain and swelling discoloration numbness and tingling in hands and feetdry eyes or mouth unexplained hair loss sores in the nose or mouthften the first recognizable symptoms of an autoimmune disease can be fatigue muscle aches low grade fever difficulty concentrating inflammation which can cause redness heat pain and swelling discoloration numbness and tingling in hands and feet dry eyes or mouth unexplained hair loss sores in the nose or mouth