One advantage of the transperitoneal approach to laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) is the familiarity of the anatomy to most urologists. An understanding of the ligaments at the upper and lateral borders of each kidney helps in colon mobilization and dissection of the upper renal poles.
polyglandular autoimmune syndrome; PGA syndrome type 1; autoimmune polyendocrinopathy type 1; autoimmune-polyendocrine-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy syndrome; Disorder Subdivisions. None; General Discussion. APS-1 is a rare and complex inherited disorder of immune-cell dysfunction with multiple autoimmunities. It presents as a constellation of symptoms and side-effects with potentially life-threatening endocrine gland and gastro-intestinal
Symptoms of Polyps, Tumors, and Malabsorptive Diseases in the Small Bowel. Patients with small bowel polyps or tumors can have no symptoms, although patients with malabsorptive diseases often have symptoms of weight loss or diarrhea. When symptoms do occur they can include: Bleeding; Anemia (not enough healthy red blood cells to get oxygen through the body, making you feel weak and cold) Diarrhea; Abdominal pain