Statistical tests can be either one or two-sided, and this is important for finding the critical value of a test. Below are three possible null and alternative hypotheses for a single sample mean test. Given the same alpha, each of the three tests would have a different critical value (or values).
Warning Signs of Osteoarthritis. 1  Pain and stiffness in a joint after getting out of bed or sitting for long. 2  Swelling in one or more joints, especially those at the ends of the fingers (closest to the nail), thumbs, neck, lower back, knees, and hips. 3  Crunching feeling or the sound of bone rubbing on bone.
Osteoarthritis is a type of joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. The most common symptoms are joint pain and stiffness. Initially, symptoms may occur only following exercise, but over time may become constant. Other symptoms may include joint swelling, decreased range of motion, and when the back is affected weakness or numbness of the arms and legs. The most commonly involved joints are those near the ends of the fingers, at the base of the thumb, ne