Clinical observations include estimation of haemoglobin-oxygen saturation (SpO 2, pulse oximetry), oxygen delivery, respiratory rate, respiratory distress, heart/pulse rate, blood pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean), temperature, level of consciousness OR level of sedation, and a pain score.linical observations include estimation of haemoglobin-oxygen saturation (SpO 2, pulse oximetry), oxygen delivery, respiratory rate, respiratory distress, heart/pulse rate, blood pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean), temperature, level of consciousness OR level of sedation, and a pain score.
In turn this triggers the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ions into the muscle interior where they bind to troponin, thus causing tropomyosin to shift from the face of the actin filament to which myosin heads need to bind to produce contraction.
Calcium ions, Ca2+, are the most abundant cations (positive ions) in the body, making up about 1.5% of total body weight. About 99% is found in bones and teeth, largely in combination. They combine with phosphate ions to form calcium phosphate which increases the rigidity and hardness of bones and the enamel in teeth. Calcium ions are also involved in blood clotting, normal muscle contraction and nerve activity. Sodium ions, Na+, are the main cations in extracellular fluids.