To test data integrity, the sender of the data calculates checksum value by taking the sum of the binary data transmitted. When receiving the data, the receiver can perform the same calculation on the data and compare it with the checksum value provided by the sender.
Venusâ atmosphere is much thicker than Earthâs, preventing a clear view of the planet. Its atmosphere is dominated by carbon dioxide, and features swirling clouds of sulfuric acid. The atmosphere on Mars is also dominated by carbon dioxide, although unlike Venus, it is quite thin. Gas giants are composed of gases.
The troposphere. The troposphere is one of the four layers of the atmosphere (0-10km in altitude) containing water vapour. Clouds are formed by water condensing and as air cools.This is why cloud formation is possible because the temperature of the troposphere decreases with altitude.he troposphere is one of the four layers of the atmosphere (0-10km in altitude) containing water vapour. Clouds are formed by water condensing and as air cools.