Optometrists (also known as Doctors of Optometry in the US and Canada for those holding the O.D. degree[1] or Ophthalmic Opticians in the UK[2][3][4][5][6][7]) are medical professionals who provide primary eyecare through comprehensive eye examinations to detect and treat various visual abnormalities and eye diseases.
A Cardiothoracic surgeon in the U.S. is a physician (D.O. or M.D.) who first completes a general surgery residency (typically 5â7 years), followed by a cardiothoracic surgery fellowship (typically 2â3 years).
  Most master's degrees are about two years additional work after the bachelor's degree. You may have trouble finding a master's program in pathology, because most pathol â¦ ogists are MD's. However, you will have plenty of time to deal with those questions as you prepare to enter college.The degree you need to become a surgeon is a Doctor of  Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) or a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.), which  takes about 8 years in addition to a residency â¦ program working in a  hospital. No master's degree is required to become a surgeon.