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In single-cell organisms, mitosis is the only form of cellular reproduction. One round of mitosis yields two genetically identical cells. In bacteria, this process results in an entirely new, independent organism. This is classified as asexual reproduction because it does not require sex for the creation of new organisms. In multi-cellular organisms, like ourselves, mitosis only occurs in somatic cells, which comprise all cells in an organism excluding germ cells.
Not all cells divide through the process of mitosis. Organisms that reproduce sexually also undergo a type of cell division called meiosis. Meiosis occurs in sex cells and is similar in process to mitosis. After a complete cell cycle in meiosis however, four daughter cells are produced.