As blood from the digestive organs passes through the hepatic portal circulation, the hepatocytes of the liver monitor the contents of the blood and remove many potentially toxic substances before they can reach the rest of the body.
In Geometry, Translation simply means Moving ... ... without rotating, resizing or anything else, just moving. To Translate a shape: Every point of the shape must move: the same distance. in the same direction.
To translate one language into another, find the linear transformation that maps one to the other. Simple, say a team of Google engineers. Computer science is changing the nature of the translation of words and sentences from one language to another.