An element is a chemical substance made up of a particular kind of atom and hence cannot be broken down or transformed by a chemical reaction into a different element, though it can be transmuted into another element through a nuclear reaction.
Almost 40 years separate Shirley Ann Jackson's achievement, as the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in theoretical high energy physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Jedidah Isler, the first African-American woman to receive a Ph.D. in Astrophysics from Yale.
Lucy Stone (1818  1893) one of the first women in the United States to earn a college degree, graduating first in her class from Oberlin College in 1847, organized the first national womens rights convention.argaret Chase Smith (1897 - 1995) the first woman to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. In 1964 she became the first woman to be placed in nomination for the presidency of the United States at a major party convention.