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In single-cell organisms, mitosis is the only form of cellular reproduction. One round of mitosis yields two genetically identical cells. In bacteria, this process results in an entirely new, independent organism. This is classified as asexual reproduction because it does not require sex for the creation of new organisms. In multi-cellular organisms, like ourselves, mitosis only occurs in somatic cells, which comprise all cells in an organism excluding germ cells.
Example of a human karyotype: 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes (one pair is the homologous 'sex' chromosomes - in this case X and Y = a boy) III. Meiosis reduces chromosome number from diploid (2n) to haploid (n) 1 diploid cell (2n) cell becomes 4 haploid (n) germ cells (eggs or sperm). During meiosis, chromosomes are replicated once in S phase (just like mitosis), but the cell divides twice. this process generates the diversity of all sexually reproducing organisms.