A definition of the term encoding variability principle is presented. The principle was formulated by the American psychologist Gordon Howard Bower. Encoding variability refers to the degree of variability in the environment and mood in which one learns the same material.
Increasing Your German Shepherdâs Lifespan. While German Shepherds can live 11 years on average, you can find a way to make your best dog buddies stay longer by your side. The key is in ensuring that they are getting the right amount of nutrition and exercise. Here are some tips on how to make that happen. Maintain a healthy weight.
Generally speaking, the bigger the dog, the shorter the life. I have read that the dog with the shortest average life expectancy is the Irish Wolfhound...they live five or six years. Great Danes live six or seven years. As for small dogs, I know of Pomeranians who are 18 and 19 years old. Source(s): I work at a vet hospital.