Average Cost Of Braces by State for 2012. The following average cost was done by using a bracesinfo.com sample of orthodontist in large cities (50,000-500,000) by region and with the 2011 JCO (Journal Of Clinical Orthodontics) Orthodontic Practice Study MEAN FEES BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION based on 10,956 orthodontist.
Causes of Fingernail Ridges, Pitting and Curved Nails. Normal Lines and Ridges on the Nails. Longitudinal ridges (running from the cuticle to the free edge of the nail) may be due to aging and not a sign of any disease. Nail beading, where the nail loses its smooth curvature, is also a normal part of aging.
Aging has been described as the predominant cause of vertical ridges on the fingernails. Onychorrhexis is the medical term used to describe longitudinal ridges on the nails that often accompany brittle nails. In contrast to longitudinal ridges, Beau's lines are horizontal or transverse depressions in the nail that may be confused with nail ridging. These are caused by diseases that affect the entire body, including malnutrition, heart attack (myocardial infarction), severe infections, and metabolic disturbances, including poorly controlled diabetes.