Neodymium is never found in nature as a free element, but rather it occurs in ores such as monazite and bastnÃ¤site that contain small amounts of all the rare earth metals. The main mining areas are in China, the United States, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, and Australia.
Polycystic Kidney Disease. Polycystic kidney disease (also called PKD) causes numerous cysts to grow in the kidneys. These cysts are filled with fluid. If too many cysts grow or if they get too big, the kidneys can become damaged. PKD cysts can slowly replace much of the kidneys, reducing kidney function and leading to kidney failure.
What causes simple kidney cysts? The cause of simple kidney cysts is not fully understood. Obstruction of tubulesâtiny structures within the kidneys that collect urineâor deficiency of blood supply to the kidneys may play a role. Diverticulaâsacs that form on the tubulesâmay detach and become simple kidney cysts. The role of genetic factors in the development of simple kidney cysts has not been studied. What are the symptoms of simple kidney cysts? Simple kidney cysts usually do not cause symptoms or harm the kidneys. In some cases, however, pain can occur between the ribs and hips when cysts enlarge and press on other organs. Sometimes cysts become infected, causing fever, pain, and tenderness.