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Focusing on the schematic illustration in a, two DNA polymerase molecules are active at the fork at any one time. One moves continuously to produce the new daughter DNA molecule on the leading strand, whereas the other produces a long series of short Okazaki DNA fragments on the lagging strand.oth polymerases are anchored to their template by polymerase accessory proteins, in the form of a sliding clamp and a clamp loader. A DNA helicase, powered by ATP hydrolysis, propels itself rapidly along one of the template DNA strands (here the lagging strand), forcing open the DNA helix ahead of the replication fork.
B. DNA Replication in Bacteria. DNA Replication in Bacteria. In general, DNA is replicated by uncoiling of the helix, strand separation by breaking of the hydrogen bonds between the complementary strands, and synthesis of two new strands by complementary base pairing. Replication begins at a specific site in the DNA called the origin of replication (oriC). DNA replication is bidirectional from the origin of replication. To begin DNA replication, unwinding enzymes called DNA helicases cause short segments of the two parent DNA strands to unwind and separate from one another at the origin of replication to form two Y-shaped replication forks. These replication forks are the actual site of DNA copying (see Fig. 4).