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In single-cell organisms, mitosis is the only form of cellular reproduction. One round of mitosis yields two genetically identical cells. In bacteria, this process results in an entirely new, independent organism. This is classified as asexual reproduction because it does not require sex for the creation of new organisms. In multi-cellular organisms, like ourselves, mitosis only occurs in somatic cells, which comprise all cells in an organism excluding germ cells.
Sexual reproduction always involves meiosis at some point in the life cycle of an organism. When and where meiosis occurs is crucial to an understanding of the life histories of these organisms. Three types of meiosis are generally recognized. These are 1) gametangial meiosis, 2) zygotic meiosis, and 3) sporic meiosis. Each type characterizes a particular kind of life history.