1 1902 Willis Haviland Carrier invented the first air conditioner to control the temperature and humidity of a printing company, marking the first time effort taken to control the temperature of the surroundings. 2  This starts the history of air conditioning.
Following the introduction and widespread use of central venous catheters (CVCs) in adult patients, these devices are now frequently used also in the pediatric population. They have become an indispensable route for venous access, especially in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).
A third type of vascular access is a venous catheter. A venous catheter is a plastic tube which is inserted into a large vein, usually in the neck. An external portion of the catheter is exposed on the chest wall that allows the tubing for the dialysis machine to be connected.