A. corner of the patient's mouth to the tip of the earlobe. A. upside down, with the tip toward the roof of the mouth, then flipped 180 degrees over the tongue. B. right side up, using a tongue depressor to press the tongue down and forward to keep it from obstructing the airway.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. This damage disrupts the ability of parts of the nervous system to communicate, resulting in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems.
Damage lower down on the spine (thoracic, lumbar, or sacral segments) can result in paralysis of the legs and lower body (paraplegia). Breathing is affected only by injuries high on the spinal cord. But bowel and bladder control can be affected no matter where the spinal cord in injured.