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Creatinine is a metabolic by-product of muscle metabolism, and normally appears in urine in relatively constant quantities over a 24 hour period with normal liquid intake. Therefore, urine creatinine can be used as an indicator of urine water content or as a marker identifying a specimen as urine. Greater than normal intake of water will increase the urine water content (lowering the creatinine level) consequently diluting the amount of drug in urine. Conversely, a limited intake of water can lead to an abnormally concentrated urine specimen (as occurs with dehydration) resulting in elevated creatinine levels.
What does the test result mean? Increased creatinine levels in the blood suggest kidney disease or other conditions that affect kidney function. Low blood levels of creatinine are not common, but they are also not usually a cause for concern. They can be seen with conditions that result in decreased muscle mass. Levels of 24-hour urine creatinine are evaluated with blood levels as part of a creatinine clearance test. Single, random urine creatinine levels have no standard reference ranges. They are usually used with other tests to reference levels of other substances measured in the urine.