Impeachment is analogous to indictment in regular court proceedings; trial by the other house is analogous to the trial before judge and jury in regular courts. Typically, the lower house of the legislature impeaches the official and the upper house conducts the trial.
At the federal level of government, agencies such as the U.S. Department of Justice's Civil Rights Division, the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights, and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) investigate claims of civil rights violations and discrimination.
Civil Service is a merit system of employment that hires, retains and promotes people based on their qualifications and ability to perform the job. The Pennsylvania State Civil Service Commission administers the Commonwealth's merit system for 37 state agencies having almost 57,000 civil service employees.