Calcium is unique among metals because its ions have a very large concentration gradient across the plasma membrane of all cells, from 10 â3 M Ca 2+ outside, to 10 â7 M Ca 2+ inside.
Originally Posted by Quinne. I think it has a lot to do with motives.... What I learned through studying Alcohol & other Drug work is that in counselling terms, a lapse is a hiccup and a relapse is full-blown return to old behaviours, as well as active addiction.
This means that when people relapse they may be going back to a life that is even worse than before. * Relapse lowers self efficacy, and this may make it harder to achieve sobriety in the future. This is because the individual loses belief in their ability to stay sober and this sucks away their motivation.