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However, at the end of the 10 years, the home owner sells the house and recoups some of the initial additional investment costs. Depending on the residual value estimation approach, the present value net cost savings in life-cycle costs to the homeowner is either $41 714 or $84 997.
where C t is the cost incurred to time t and p t is the proportion of the activity completed at time t. For example, an activity which is 50 percent complete with a cost of $40,000 would be estimated to have a total cost of $40,000/0.5 = $80,000. More elaborate methods of forecasting costs would disaggregate costs into different categories, with the total cost the sum of the forecast costs in each category.