Optometrists (also known as Doctors of Optometry in the US and Canada for those holding the O.D. degree[1] or Ophthalmic Opticians in the UK[2][3][4][5][6][7]) are medical professionals who provide primary eyecare through comprehensive eye examinations to detect and treat various visual abnormalities and eye diseases.
A Cardiothoracic surgeon in the U.S. is a physician (D.O. or M.D.) who first completes a general surgery residency (typically 5â7 years), followed by a cardiothoracic surgery fellowship (typically 2â3 years).
The second step required for becoming a surgeon is to apply to and complete four years of medical school. The cost of attending medical school at a public medical school is much lower than going to a private medical school.he first step thatâs required for becoming a surgeon is to obtain an undergraduate degree and take the Medical College Admissions Test. The cost of obtaining an undergraduate degree on the way to becoming a surgeon depends on whether a student is attending a private or public school.