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Kelp are large brown algae that live in cool, relatively shallow waters close to the shore. They grow in dense groupings much like a forest on land. These underwater towers of kelp provide food and shelter for thousands of fish, invertebrates, and marine mammal species.elp forests provide food and shelter for thousands of species. In ideal conditions, kelp can grow up to. per day, and in stark contrast to the colorful and slow-growing corals, the giant kelp canopies tower above the ocean floor. Like trees in a forest, these giant algae provide food and shelter for many organisms.
In some areas, like the west of Ireland and Scotland, kelps and other brown algae are gathered as a fertiliser for land. There are about 1800 species of brown algae, and most are marine. In general, brown algae are larger and more species are found in colder waters.Virtually all the biomass worldwide comes from a relatively small number of species in the orders Laminariales and Fucales.haracteristics. The brown colour of these algae results from the dominance of the xanthophyll pigment fucoxanthin, which masks the other pigments, Chlorophyll a and c (there is no Chlorophyll b), beta-carotene and other xanthophylls.