Vertical abdominal incisions may be made at the midline, through the linea alba, as well as within about 2.5 cm on either side of the midline (paramedian). If a paramedian incision is chosen, the rectus abdominis muscle can be retracted laterally after incision of the anterior rectus sheath.
Fungicide resistance is the stable, inheritable adjustment by a fungus to a fungicide, resulting in a less than normal sensitivity to that fungicide (Dekker, 1995). In other words, fungicides don't work as well, or at all, on populations of fungi that have become less sensitive to them.
Resistance (lack of sensitivity) to fungicides in fungal pathogens is another cause of poor disease control. The development of fungicide resistance is influenced by complex interactions of factors such as the mode of action of the fungicide (how the active ingredient inhibits the fungus), the biology of the pathogen, fungicide use pattern, and the cropping system. Understanding the biology of fungicide resistance, how it