VNS causes stimulation of the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves and is associated with problems ranging from alteration of voice (66%), coughing (45%), pharyngitis (35%) and throat pain (28%) and hoarseness (very common) to frank laryngeal muscle spasm and upper airway obstruction (rare).
The giant manta is commonly found offshore, while the reef manta, as its name suggests, is found inshore near coral and rocky reefs. Manta rays live in the open ocean, swimming continuously through the water column instead of resting on the sea floor like other rays. Although much of their time is spent near the surface, they have been known to dive to depths of 100 feet.
Both the largest species of this order and the largest of all rays is the manta ray (Manta birostris). This peaceful leviathan can reach a size of 3,000 kg (6,600 lb), a disk width of 9.1 m (30 ft) and a total length of 5 m (16 ft). A related species reaches barely smaller sizes, the devil fish (Mobula mobular).