To answer this question in the simplest terms: 1. A non CAS calculator can only find numeric (which might be in decimal, fractional or radical forms) results. 2. A CAS calculator can give you algebraic answers. For example, a CAS calculator can si...
Shallow copy is a bit-wise copy of an object. A new object is created that has an exact copy of the values in the original object. If any of the fields of the object are references to other objects, just the reference addresses are copied i.e., only the memory address is copied. deep copy copies all fields, and makes copies of dynamically allocated memory pointed to by the fields. A deep copy occurs when an object is copied along with the objects to which it refers.
Give an example of friend classes in C++ and an example of when you would use one. In C++, the friend keyword can be applied to either a function or a class. A friend function or friend class has access to the private members of the class in which the declaration occurs. There are programmers who think that this feature violates the principles of object oriented programming because it allows a class to operate on another classâs private members.