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The Eighth Amendment (Amendment VIII) to the United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of Rights (ratified December 15, 1791) prohibiting the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishments, including torture.
Though the bail and fines clauses of the Eighth Amendment are important, the focus of the provision is the cruel and unusual punishment clause. Like many other Amendments in the Bill of Rights, it is applied to the states by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.