To keep things simple, we only consider the area of each state, twice the area of each state, and the area of the entire USA as units. We only bother with twice statesâ area thing for big countries (larger than 2,500,000 sq km). For compactness, we do not provide the reverse mapping from countries to US states. R code available upon request. Here you are.
Gallstones form from bile, the yellowish fluid that is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder until it is released into the small intestine to help in digestion. Bile is a mix of cholesterol, water, pigments, lecithin, and salts (electrolytes), such as calcium, that are kept in equilibrium. Gallstones form when one of the constituents of bile precipitates out and forms a solid mass that may range from the size of a grain of sand to several centimeters large.
Gallstones can lurk inside your gallbladder. Many people have gallstones and never know it. Gallstones are hard deposits in your gallbladder, a small organ that stores bile, which is a digestive fluid made in the liver. Gallstones may consist of cholesterol, salt, or bilirubin, which is discarded red blood cells. Gallstones range in size. They can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as an apricot.