Direct Democracy: The Right of the People to Make Fools of Themselves; The Use and Abuse of Initiative and Referendum, a Local Government Perspective.. Seattle Law Review 19 (fall).
Listening to Your Heart. Your doctor will use a stethoscope to hear your heartbeat. The opening and closing of your heart's valves make a lub dub noise. The doctor can check your heart and valve health and hear your heart's rate and rhythm by listening to those sounds.
Put your head on someone's chest and the heartbeat sounds a bit like lub-DUB, lub-DUB, lub-DUB. The lub is the sound of the tricuspid and mitral valves closing. The DUB is the sound of the aortic and pulmonary valves closing. Together, they're the sound of someone's heart doing its job.