Vertical abdominal incisions may be made at the midline, through the linea alba, as well as within about 2.5 cm on either side of the midline (paramedian). If a paramedian incision is chosen, the rectus abdominis muscle can be retracted laterally after incision of the anterior rectus sheath.
Fungicide resistance is the stable, inheritable adjustment by a fungus to a fungicide, resulting in a less than normal sensitivity to that fungicide (Dekker, 1995). In other words, fungicides don't work as well, or at all, on populations of fungi that have become less sensitive to them.
Even after two full years of multiple trials, applying fungicides to corn is still not a clear-cut decision for growers. Many growers have experienced yield increases; some have not seen yield increases and even have seen yield losses from fungicides. At a cost of $24 an acre, this is not a decision to take lightly. What the research shows. Yield responses of hybrid corn to foliar fungicide application vary widely. In Iowa in 2008, the mean yield response in small plot trials was 3.5 bu/acre (Robertson et al, 2008). Similarly, the mean yield response of replicated strip on-farm trials conducted by Iowa Soybean Association On-Farm Network was 3.5 bu/acre.