Overtime is voluntary and employees have the right to refuse. There is at least one case (SEAWUSA v Trident Steel (1986) 7 ILJ 86 (IC)) where the court held that an employer can dismiss employees who persistently and unreasonably refuse to work overtime. That is even if there is no contractual obligation to do so.
Individualistic cultures are oriented around the self, independent instead of identifying with a group mentality. They see each other as only loosely linked, and value personal goals above that of the group.
Co-culture refers to a group of people that are not part of the dominant structure of society, nor do they contribute to this structure. This often includes minorities or ethnic... Co-culture refers to a group of people that are not part of the dominant structure of society, nor do they contribute to this structure. This often includes minorities or ethnic groups. The study of how the co-culture, or subculture, communicates with the dominant societal structure is known as co-culture theory. The theory dictates that people who are part of the co-culture communicate differently with the dominant culture.