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Short-acting insulin covers your insulin needs during meals. It is taken about 30 minutes to an hour before a meal to help control blood sugar levels. This type of insulin takes effect in about 30 minutes to one hour, and peaks after two to four hours. Its effects tend to last about five to eight hours.
The role of insulin in the body. Insulin is a hormone which plays a number of roles in the bodyâs metabolism. Insulin regulates how the body uses and stores glucose and fat. Many of the bodyâs cells rely on insulin to take glucose from the blood for energy. Insulin helps control blood glucose levels by signaling the liver and muscle and fat cells to take in glucose from the blood. Insulin therefore helps cells to take in glucose to be used for energy. If the body has sufficient energy, insulin signals the liver to take up glucose and store it as glycogen.