United States. The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution states that cruel and unusual punishments [shall not be] inflicted.. The general principles the United States Supreme Court relied on to decide whether or not a particular punishment was cruel and unusual were determined by Justice William Brennan.
Bydgoszcz [1] (also Bromberg, in German) is the capital city of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voidship, Poland. It is located in northern Poland, on the Brda and Vistula rivers, with a population of roughly 360 000, agglomeration more than 460 000, which makes it the 8th biggest city in Poland. Bydgoszcz is part of the metroplex Bydgoszcz-ToruÅ with ToruÅ, only 45 km away, and over 850,000 inhabitants.
In the Shadow of the Cathedral. Ostrow Tumski, far from the hubbub of the city, is the terra sancta of Wroclaw. To get there, you need to cross the Tumski Bridge, which was once the border of church's jurisdiction.roclaw has always made a living from trade and so has a number of market squares. Beside the main Market Square, there are the Nowy Targ (New Market) and the Solny (Salt) Square where stalls with salt used to line its northern side.