The tRNA anticodons are complementary to the cod â¦ ons (three nucleotide sequence that represents an amino acid) on mRNA and allow them to be identified by the ribosome. In detail, translation is the second process of making a protein or polypeptide, the first being transcription.
The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code. In general, the genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids; however, in certain organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine andâin certain archaeaâpyrrolysine.
Genes are sections of the DNA. Each gene has the code for creating a specific protein. The sequence of bases in the gene controls which amino acids are created and joined to make a specific new protein (or enzyme) molecule. Amino acids are made in the number and order dictated by the number and order of base triplets. 2  Finally, the amino acid molecules join together in a long chain to make a protein molecule. 3  The number and sequence of amino acids determines which protein results.