VNS causes stimulation of the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves and is associated with problems ranging from alteration of voice (66%), coughing (45%), pharyngitis (35%) and throat pain (28%) and hoarseness (very common) to frank laryngeal muscle spasm and upper airway obstruction (rare).
The giant manta is commonly found offshore, while the reef manta, as its name suggests, is found inshore near coral and rocky reefs. Manta rays live in the open ocean, swimming continuously through the water column instead of resting on the sea floor like other rays. Although much of their time is spent near the surface, they have been known to dive to depths of 100 feet.
In general, every member of the genus Manta has a large and flattened body whose center is called âdiscoâ. The reef manta ray disc has a width of 3 to 3.5 meters, while the giant manta ray lives up to its name measuring up to 9 meters wide. The head of both species is wide, eyes on each side and the long nose in front.