The tRNA anticodons are complementary to the cod â¦ ons (three nucleotide sequence that represents an amino acid) on mRNA and allow them to be identified by the ribosome. In detail, translation is the second process of making a protein or polypeptide, the first being transcription.
The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code. In general, the genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids; however, in certain organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine andâin certain archaeaâpyrrolysine.
Proteins are composed of chains of amino acids. Today, we can analyze a protein product to find out the sequence of amino acids that goes into it. The sequence of amino acids found in a protein is itself the result of the translation of another sequence, a sequence of bases in DNA. There are three bases in the DNA for each amino acid in the protein. This means that comparisons of DNA sequences are finer-grained than comparisons of protein sequences, and can resolve finer differences. The ability to derive sequences of DNA is a more recent development than being able to sequence a protein.