Direct Democracy: The Right of the People to Make Fools of Themselves; The Use and Abuse of Initiative and Referendum, a Local Government Perspective.. Seattle Law Review 19 (fall).
Listening to Your Heart. Your doctor will use a stethoscope to hear your heartbeat. The opening and closing of your heart's valves make a lub dub noise. The doctor can check your heart and valve health and hear your heart's rate and rhythm by listening to those sounds.
You know the one: lub-dub, lub-dub, lub-dub. Most of us think it's the sound of our heart beating or contracting, but it's not. What we're hearing is the sound of two pairs of valves closing inside the chambers of our heart. Like turnstiles, these valves allow blood to move in one direction through the heart and keep it from backing up down a one-way street.