An era is a commonly used word for a long period of time. When used in science, for example geology, an era denotes a clearly defined period of time of arbitrary but well-defined length, such as for example the Mesozoic Era from 252 Maâ66 Ma, delimited by a start event and an end event.
As you increase voltage to the muscle describe how it responds to the increased stimulus. As the voltage was increased from threshold to maximum voltage, there was a greater force in the muscle contraction. Once the maximum voltage (2500 mv) was reached, even if there was an increase in voltage, the force of the muscle contraction remained the same.
For example, when revolving at 3,500 RPM, a large rotor with a radius of 15 cm will produce a maximum G-Force of 2,058 xg while a small rotor with a radius of 5 cm will produce a maximum G-Force of 686 xg. If you prefer to use a Nomograph to calculate your RPM or G-Force, one is provided below. Once you know what G-Forces you need to spin your samples at, you can measure the radius of your centrifuge rotor and calculate the RPM you need using the equations provided above or by using the Nomograph found below.