Direct Democracy: The Right of the People to Make Fools of Themselves; The Use and Abuse of Initiative and Referendum, a Local Government Perspective.. Seattle Law Review 19 (fall).
Listening to Your Heart. Your doctor will use a stethoscope to hear your heartbeat. The opening and closing of your heart's valves make a lub dub noise. The doctor can check your heart and valve health and hear your heart's rate and rhythm by listening to those sounds.
Your baby's heart beats between 110 times and 160 times per minute. You may also hear your baby's heartbeat at one of your antenatal appointments. Your midwife is unlikely to listen for it while you're still in your first trimester, as it can be hard to detect at this stage. After this scan, the next time you'll hear your baby's heartbeat will probably be during your 16-week appointment with your midwife.