The acute form of hepatitis, generally caused by viral infection, is characterized by constitutional symptoms that are typically self-limiting. Chronic hepatitis presents similarly, but can manifest signs and symptoms specific to liver dysfunction with long-standing inflammation and damage to the organ.
1 Hydromorphone is a minor metabolite of morphine and may be excreted in urine at concentrations up to 2.5% of the morphine concentration. 2  Consequently, the detection of minor amounts of hydromorphone in urine containing high concentrations of codeine should not be interpreted as evidence of hydromorphone use.
Another important piece of information is the actual quantity (ng/mL) of hydromorphone found in the urine. In the example, hydromorphone has a very low value relative to the morphine value (all quantitative values obtained from LC-MS/MS).