United States. The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution states that cruel and unusual punishments [shall not be] inflicted.. The general principles the United States Supreme Court relied on to decide whether or not a particular punishment was cruel and unusual were determined by Justice William Brennan.
Bydgoszcz [1] (also Bromberg, in German) is the capital city of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voidship, Poland. It is located in northern Poland, on the Brda and Vistula rivers, with a population of roughly 360 000, agglomeration more than 460 000, which makes it the 8th biggest city in Poland. Bydgoszcz is part of the metroplex Bydgoszcz-ToruÅ with ToruÅ, only 45 km away, and over 850,000 inhabitants.
/wÊtÊ/) is the third-largest city in Poland. Located in the central part of the country, it had a population of 742,387 in December 2009. It is the capital of ÅÃ³dÅº ÅÃ³dÅº, voivodeship and is approximately 135 (kilometres 84) mi-south west Of. warsawn 1423 King WÅadysÅaw II JagieÅÅo officially granted city rights to the village of ÅÃ³dÅº. ÅÃ³dÅº from then until the 18th century the town remained a small settlement on a trade route between the provinces Of masovia And. silesia