The acute form of hepatitis, generally caused by viral infection, is characterized by constitutional symptoms that are typically self-limiting. Chronic hepatitis presents similarly, but can manifest signs and symptoms specific to liver dysfunction with long-standing inflammation and damage to the organ.
1 Hydromorphone is a minor metabolite of morphine and may be excreted in urine at concentrations up to 2.5% of the morphine concentration. 2  Consequently, the detection of minor amounts of hydromorphone in urine containing high concentrations of codeine should not be interpreted as evidence of hydromorphone use.
When UDT is used to monitor patient adherence to opioid therapy, it can be unclear whether specific opioid compounds are normal or abnormal metabolites, the researchers point out. Hydromorphone has not been thought to be a normal metabolite of morphine in urine screens. It was thought to come from other opioids, said Ajay Wasan, MD, a psychiatrist and chronic pain researcher from Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts.