Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Turnstiles. Turnstiles is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Billy Joel, released on May 19, 1976. In part, Joel recorded the album as a celebration of his return to New York City after a sojourn in California.
The 2002 report, titled âCorrosion Costs and Preventive Strategies in the United States,â includes results indicating that the annual estimated direct cost of corrosion in the United States was $276 billion. The study led Congress to develop a Corrosion Policy and Oversight Office within DoD.
First, the math: In 1998, the direct cost of corrosion was 3.1% of GDP is $276 Billion. This is the oft-cited number referred to in the NACE cost of corrosion study. In 2013, the direct cost of corrosion was 3.1% of the 15.1 Trillion U.S. GDP, which in June 2013 is estimated to equal to $500.7 Billion. According to the 1998 NACE study, the indirect cost of corrosion is conservatively estimated to be equal to or greater than the direct cost.