Pathogenic E. coli strains use a multi-step scheme of pathogenesis that is similar to that used by other mucosal pathogens, which consists of colonization of a mucosal site, evasion of host defences, multiplication and host damage.
Research suggests that autism can be reliably diagnosed by age 2, but this study found that fewer than half of children with autism are diagnosed by age 5. Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that affects as many as 1 in 88 U.S. children, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Children with a sibling already diagnosed with autism are known to be among those at greatest risk of developing the disorder. The current study included 25 high-risk children who met criteria for autism at 3 years of age, matched with 25 low-risk peers who were developing normally. It was conducted at the UC Davis MIND Institute and the University of California, Los Angeles.