The outer circle of stars shall be so arranged that one star shall appear directly in the middle at the top of the circle, and the word Indiana shall be placed in a half circle over and above the star representing Indiana and midway between it and the star in the center above it.
Mutations in either nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can cause mitochondrial disease. Nuclear DNA is packaged into structures called chromosomesâ22 pairs of non-sex related chromosomes (called autosomes) and a single pair of sex chromosomes (XX in females and XY in males).
What are the inheritance patterns in mitochondrial myopathies? Mitochondrial genetics are complex, and often, a mitochondrial disease can be difficult to trace through a family tree. But since theyâre caused by defective genes, mitochondrial diseases do run in families.