However, they are probably best known for the roles they play in the immune systemâs defense against disease-causing organisms. 1  As part of the immune response, cytokines exert their influence over various white blood cells (leukocytes), including lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages.
Renal parenchymal echohenicity is a kind of imaging terminology, which can present some renal abnormalities. In most condition, increased renal parenchymal echogenicity indicates that there is a certain degree of kidney damage or renal parenchymal inflammation.
Parenchyma is the functional part of kidneys. Echogenicity means the kidneys are affected. This test result may indicate different causes such as chronic nephritis, Polycystic Kidney Disease, gouty nephropathy or some vascular diseases. Diagnosis needs further tests.