Both can lead to vision problems; optic neuritis involves inflammation of the optic nerve while optic neuropathy refers to damage from any cause. Optic neuritis is one of the many causes of optic neuropathy. Optic neuropathies can be either hereditary or acquired. Acquired etiologies of optic neuropathy include ischemic, nutritional, and toxic types. 1,2 Drug-induced optic neuropathy is of the toxic type. Mechanisms of drug-induced optic neuropathy include mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of blood flow to the optic nerve, and unknown mechanisms. 2
Fourth through eighth vehicle identification number digit reveals the vehicle features such as body style, engine type, model, series, etc. The ninth vehicle identification number digit is a VIN accuracy check digit, verifying the previous VIN numbers. This is how the check digit works/.
The Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) is like an automotive passport, and is the best way of finding out if you are buying what the vendor tells you. A VIN check is a vital part of the process, and fortunately there are free VIN check options to help buyers. Letâs have a look at what itâs all about, and why you must check the VIN before buying your car. What is The VIN Number? First used in the 1950âs, the VIN number is the accepted industry standard code for identifying individual vehicles. It was not until the early 1980âs that VIN numbers were standardized, so if you are buying an older vehicle it is important you look up the best way to make a vehicle check.