Cellular molecular chaperones, which are ubiquitous, stress-induced proteins, and newly found chemical and pharmacological chaperones have been found to be effective in preventing misfolding of different disease-causing proteins, essentially reducing the severity of several neurodegenerative disorders and many other protein-misfolding diseases.
Pteridophtyes are a phylum of plants. They are the vascular plants (those having xylem and phloem tissues) that reproduce by releasing spores rather than seeds, and they include the highly diverse true ferns and other graceful, primarily forest-dwelling plants.ern leaves used in floral arrangements are a major industry in Florida, and in some cultures tree fern stems are used to make elegant, naturally sculpted bowls. The contrasting colors of the vascular tissue in the stems and leaf bases of these plants create complex and pleasing designs.
This was before the nature of the animals was clearly understood, and both phyla, as then defined, included, in addition to the ectoprocts, organisms not closely related to them. Hence, some workers prefer to use the phylum-name Ectoprocta for the phylum-concept in the narrower sense.Other scholars, however, continue to use the term Polyzoa or Bryozoa in a restricted sense for the phylum that includes the animals that almost everyone calls bryozoans.he creatures now assigned to phylum Ectoprocta originally were referred to phylum Polyzoa by J. V. Thompson in 1830 and to phylum Bryozoa by C. G. Ehrenberg a few months later, in 1831.