A class of plasticizing chemicals used to make products more pliable or to make fragrances stick to skin. Phthalates disrupt the endocrine system and may cause birth defects. They have been linked to damage of the kidneys, lungs, and liver, as well.
Psychologists have debated the age of adultsâ earliest memories. To date, estimates have ranged from 2 to 6â8 years of age. Some research show that the offset of childhood amnesia (earliest age of recall) is 2 years of age for hospitalization and sibling birth and 3 years of age for a death or change in houses.
âWe have known for a very long time that children process information differently than adults. That is a given,ââ says Banaji. âBut what has changed, where racism and other prejudice are concerned, is that we had far over-calculated how long it takes for these traits to become imbedded in a childâs brain. Itâs quite shocking really, but the gist of it is that 3- and 4-year-olds demonstrate the same level and type of bias as adults. This tells us that children âget itâ very, very quickly, and that it doesnât require a mature level of cognition to form negative biases.ââ.