Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites and can spread between individuals. 1  Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites.2  Microorganisms that cause disease are collectively called pathogens. Many diseases become difficult to control if the infectious agents evolve resistance to commonly used drugs: 2  For example, bacteria can accumulate mutations in their DNA or acquire new genes that allow them to survive contact with antibiotic drugs that would normally kill them.
Southern blot. A Southern blot is a method used in molecular biology for detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples. Southern blotting combines transfer of electrophoresis-separated DNA fragments to a filter membrane and subsequent fragment detection by probe hybridization.
WESTERN BLOTTING TIPS AND TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE TIPS FOR SUCCESSFUL WESTERB BLOTS TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE 1. Suboptimal protein transfer. This is the most common complaint with western blotting and could be due to many different problems listed below. a) Low quality membrane used for transfer. High quality PVDF membrane is the blotting membrane of choice as low molecular weight proteins are sometimes transferred through nitrocellulose membranes and therefore may be not visible on the blot. b) Improper Western transfer procedure. c) For semi-dry Western transfers make sure the filter paper is wet.