Examples of Unethical Research. Whichever ethical requirement may be chosen, the history of human research offers grim examples of its violation. During World War II, German researchers performed a large number of experiments in concentration camps and elsewhere.
First, lower income earners pay no federal income taxes on Social Security benefits, so taxation is not an issue for them. However, once a relatively low threshold level of taxable income is surpassed, somewhere between 50 to 85 percent of benefits are subject to taxation.
Up to 85% of your Social Security benefits received can be taxed, but never 100%. It means that after taxes, a dollar of Social Security income is worth more than a dollar of IRA withdrawals. If you design a retirement income plan that takes advantage of this tax arbitrage, it can make a big difference over the course of your retirement years. You can pay less in tax, and have more to spend.