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The most common form of birth defects are congenital heart defects. This article describes the causes, symptoms, and treatments of congenital heart defects. Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate. The 4th most common birth defect is a cleft lip or palate.
Spina bifida is a congenital defect consisting of an opening in the spinal column. The most severe form is called myelomeningocele. Most children with this birth defect survive, but they can be left with many disabilities, including paralysis, difficulty with bowel and bladder control, a Chiari II malformation, hydrocephalus (excessive fluid in the brain), and developmental delay.