Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites and can spread between individuals. 1  Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites.2  Microorganisms that cause disease are collectively called pathogens. Many diseases become difficult to control if the infectious agents evolve resistance to commonly used drugs: 2  For example, bacteria can accumulate mutations in their DNA or acquire new genes that allow them to survive contact with antibiotic drugs that would normally kill them.
Southern blot. A Southern blot is a method used in molecular biology for detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples. Southern blotting combines transfer of electrophoresis-separated DNA fragments to a filter membrane and subsequent fragment detection by probe hybridization.
Functional Analysis. Functional analysis is a methodology that is used to explain the workings of a complex system. The basic idea is that the system is viewed as computing a function (or, more generally, as solving an information processing problem).e proposes a three-stage methodology that defines functional analysis. In the first stage, the to-be-explained function is defined. In the second stage, analysis is performed. The to-be-explained function is decomposed into an organized set of simpler functions.