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Glaucoma is characterized by optic nerve damage which results in vision loss, and elevated eye pressure (intraocular pressure) is the primary risk factor. There is growing evidence that other factors may predispose a person to glaucoma damage, including circulation to the eye and optic nerve.
As the IOP increases, the optic nerve may become damaged, and as damage to the nerve progresses, you may begin losing sight in your eye. What actually causes the pressure in your eye to increase is not always known. However, doctors believe one or more of these factors may play a role: 1  dilating eye drops.