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Glaucoma is characterized by optic nerve damage which results in vision loss, and elevated eye pressure (intraocular pressure) is the primary risk factor. There is growing evidence that other factors may predispose a person to glaucoma damage, including circulation to the eye and optic nerve.
Changes in eye pressure may be caused by: 1  Excessive or decreased aqueous production. 2  Inadequate or increased aqueous drainage. 3  Long-term use of certain medications, in particular corticosteroids.4  Eye trauma.lcohol consumption and caffeine use also cause temporary changes in intraocular pressure, as can coughing, vomiting, or straining to lift heavy objects. A significant change in intraocular pressure that persists and remains untreated can eventually cause vision problems and lead to eye disease.