1 Joan, Princess of Wales, in the 13th century, the wife and consort of Llywelyn the Great, the Prince of Wales; and the daughter of King John of England. Joan, Princess of Wales, in the 13th century, the wife and consort of Llywelyn the Great, the Prince of Wales; and the daughter of King John of England.
1 More than 90% of COPD deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. 2  The primary cause of COPD is tobacco smoke (through tobacco use or second-hand smoke).  The disease now affects men and women almost equally, due in part to increased tobacco use among women in high-income countries.
COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is most commonly diagnosed in cigarette smokers. One of the features of the disease is chronic mucus buildup that limits breathing. Rowellâs findings hint that certain flavors of e-cigarette liquid could have similar effects on the lungs.