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Know the maximum allowed riser height to determine the rise and run of stairs. For a standard straight run of stairs in a residence, the maximum stair riser height is 7 3/4 inches, and the minimum tread depth is 10 inches. The risers is the vertical part of a step, and a tread is the horizontal part that you walk on. To calculate how many risers are needed, measure the floor-to-floor height in inches, then divide the height by 7 3/4. The result will likely be a fraction, so always round up.
Establish the run of each step to get the total run of the staircase. The run of each step should be no less than 9 inches (23 cm) and realistically at least 10 inches (25 cm). Multiply the total number of steps by the run of each step: 13 total steps x 10 inches = 130 inches (330 cm) total run.The total run is the horizontal distance the stairs will travel from beginning to end. The rule of thumb for treads and risers is that the sum of each should equal between 16 and 18 inches (40 and 45 cm). 2  So, if your riser is 7 inches (17.8 cm) tall, your tread should be anywhere from 9 to 11 inches (23 to 28 cm) long.