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The heart has four chambers, two upper atria, the receiving chambers, and two lower ventricles, the discharging chambers. The atria open into the ventricles via the atrioventricular valves, present in the atrioventricular septum. This distinction is visible also on the surface of the heart as the coronary sulcus.
Full Answer. In addition to two upper chambers, the heart also has two lower chambers. The lower chambers are known as the left and right ventricles, which have a primary responsibility of pumping blood out of the heart. Separating the upper and lower chambers are different valves, which control the direction and rate of blood flow. A complete circulating cycle is defined as each instance the two atria bring in blood and the ventricles pump out blood.