Examples of Unethical Research. Whichever ethical requirement may be chosen, the history of human research offers grim examples of its violation. During World War II, German researchers performed a large number of experiments in concentration camps and elsewhere.
First, lower income earners pay no federal income taxes on Social Security benefits, so taxation is not an issue for them. However, once a relatively low threshold level of taxable income is surpassed, somewhere between 50 to 85 percent of benefits are subject to taxation.
Taxes and Social Security Benefits. The taxation of Social Security benefits is a complicated issue. Including tax issues into our analysis of optimal retirement ages multiplies those complications. Here we discuss some basic issues concerning the taxation of Social Security benefits and how that taxation might affect your claiming decision.