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The most common form of birth defects are congenital heart defects. This article describes the causes, symptoms, and treatments of congenital heart defects. Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate. The 4th most common birth defect is a cleft lip or palate.
Down Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms and Risks. Down syndrome is the most common birth defect in the United States. It was first described in 1866 and is named after John Langdon Down, the doctor who first identified the syndrome.