The encroachment, breach, or violation of a right, law, regulation, or contract. The term is most frequently used in reference to the invasion of rights secured by Copyright, patent, or trademark.
Multiply the after-tax interest rate of your debt by the principal amount of your debt. The result will be the true annual dollar cost of your debt. For example, if your loan is for $100,000, your interest rate is 5 percent and your after-tax interest rate is 4 percent, $100,000 times 4 percent equals $4,000.
To determine the back-end ratio, add up your monthly debt expenses with your housing expenses and divide the result by your monthly gross income. For instance, suppose you pay $200 per month for a car loan, $50 per month in student loans, and about $100 per month in credit card bills. That adds up to $1,350 in monthly debt obligations, including housing expenses. Based on a monthly income of $3,000, your back-end ratio would be 45 percent. Lenders typically say the ideal front-end ratio should be no more than 28 percent, and the back ratio, including all expenses, should be 36 percent or lower.