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A .bin file is sort of a universal file for binary file. So it can be anything from a rom for an emulator, to image/sound data for a game. There are a few widely used utilizations for .bin files. One of them is CD images.
root is the user name or account that by default has access to all commands and files on a Linux or other Unix-like operating system. It is also referred to as the root account, root user and the superuser. The word root also has several additional, related meanings when used as part of other terms, and thus it can be a source of confusion to people new to Unix-like systems.