Let's break this command down into parts: 1  ls is a utility. Utilities are also sometimes known as commands all on their own, because they indicate the general idea of what you want. - 2 l is a flag that alters how the utility operates.
Publisher and copyright holder are both different persons, a copy right holder is the author of a piece of art, literary works, drama, novels, story etc etc and a publisher is a person who or a publishing house who takes the copyright from the author or rights of the work and publishes it as a book or film etc etc.
U.S. copyright protects original creative work once it is fixed in some tangible form, regardless of whether it is published. Creators, or authors, of the work, enjoy the exclusive right to duplicate, distribute, display and perform their work, as well as create derivative works based on the original.