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These regional recordings shown strong spatial variations in amplitude and duration that are consistent with rupture directivity effects. The duration of ground motion of the December event to the north in Thailand was about 600 seconds, while the duration in other directions, including Sumatra, was about 1,000 seconds. Earthquake Rupture Models
The epicenter of the earthquake is on the offshore shelf, and not in the trench. Earthquakes are caused by breaking and movement of rocks along the faultline where the two plates collide. In cross-section the convergent margin would look something like this: Diagram showing the tectonic plate movement beneath Japan.Note the location of the earthquake is beneath the offshore shelf and not in the trench. The shaking of the sea-floor from the earthquake creates the tsunamis.ote that most of the earthquakes occur around the edge of the Pacific Ocean (and the Pacific Plate). Based on our studies of plate tectonics, we can see why Japan is so prone to earthquakes, and we can also see why the earthquake occurred exactly where it did.