For clarity reasons, a WSPS will be denoted in what follows by WSPS (U, t) = true. If the WFMS identifies a WSPS for U (R-type(T)) with regard to CT and Ctl (w), it starts a delegation process that returns true if it was able to bypass this WSPS and false elsewhere.
The kidneys are found in the upper back (the âsmall of the backâ, it is often called). Kidney disease can cause pain in this part of the upper back. Pain in this area is common, and often comes from the muscles of the back, or from the spine. Pain from the kidneys is often constant, or can be sharp, like being stabbed.
Often mistaken to be tense or strained back muscles, kidney inflammationâs most prominent symptom can be back pain. 1  Three kidney inflammatory conditions that can cause back pain are: 2  Nephritis â kidney infection. 3  Renal calculi â kidney stones. 4  Polycystic kidneys.