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Glaucoma is characterized by optic nerve damage which results in vision loss, and elevated eye pressure (intraocular pressure) is the primary risk factor. There is growing evidence that other factors may predispose a person to glaucoma damage, including circulation to the eye and optic nerve.
But when something affects the ability of internal eye structures to regulate intraocular pressure (IOP), eye pressure can rise to dangerously high levels â causing glaucoma. Unlike a ball or balloon, the eye can't relieve pressure by springing a leak and deflating when pressure is too high.