Let's break this command down into parts: 1  ls is a utility. Utilities are also sometimes known as commands all on their own, because they indicate the general idea of what you want. - 2 l is a flag that alters how the utility operates.
Publisher and copyright holder are both different persons, a copy right holder is the author of a piece of art, literary works, drama, novels, story etc etc and a publisher is a person who or a publishing house who takes the copyright from the author or rights of the work and publishes it as a book or film etc etc.
Expiration of Copyrights. Copyrights do not last forever. The life of a copyright for creative material produced or published after 1977 is the life of the author plus 70 years. In other words, the copyright lasts for as long as the author remains alive and for an additional 70 years after the author dies.