Examples of Unethical Research. Whichever ethical requirement may be chosen, the history of human research offers grim examples of its violation. During World War II, German researchers performed a large number of experiments in concentration camps and elsewhere.
First, lower income earners pay no federal income taxes on Social Security benefits, so taxation is not an issue for them. However, once a relatively low threshold level of taxable income is surpassed, somewhere between 50 to 85 percent of benefits are subject to taxation.
So, for a married couple with an income (adjusted as described above) less than $32,000, none of their Social Security benefits are taxable at the federal level. In the income range $32,000 to $44,000, between 50 to 85 percent of Social Security benefits may be taxable at the appropriate marginal tax rate. Above $44,000 in adjusted income, 85 percent of benefits may be taxable.