the soft muscular tissue of the body. goose flesh transitory erection of the hair follicles due to contraction of the arrectores muscles, a reflection of sympathetic nerve discharge such as occurs with cold or shock; called also cutis anserina.
The five most common types of stones are comprised of calcium âcalcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, uric acid, struvite, and cystine.
Some stones grow very large and fill the entirety of the kidney collecting system. They are called staghorn calculi (calculus = stone) because they look like antlers. While most kidney stones are made up of calcium oxalate crystals, this type of stone is a composite of struvite, carbonate, and apatite. They are usually the result of recurrent urinary tract infections, in which the bacteria produce ammonia, allowing chemicals in the urine to form the nidus for stone formation.