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Glaucoma is characterized by optic nerve damage which results in vision loss, and elevated eye pressure (intraocular pressure) is the primary risk factor. There is growing evidence that other factors may predispose a person to glaucoma damage, including circulation to the eye and optic nerve.
Ocular hypertension increases a person's risk of developing glaucoma. Around 10% of people with untreated ocular hypertension go on to develop glaucoma. Eye pressure, also called intraocular pressure or IOP, is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) using a procedure called tonometry.ormal eye pressure ranges from 10 to 21 mmHg. Ocular hypertension is an eye pressure of greater than 21 mmHg. The condition affects around 3-5% of people over 40.