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First published Fri Mar 4, 2005; substantive revision Wed May 10, 2017. Galileo Galilei (1564â1642) has always played a key role in any history of science and, in many histories of philosophy, he is a, if not the, central figure of the scientific revolution of the 17th Century. His work in physics or natural philosophy, astronomy, and the methodology of science still evoke debate after over 400 years.
1 Hall, A. R. Galileo and the Science of Motion in 'British Journal of History of Science', 2 1964-5. 2  Hilliam, R., Galileo Galilei: Father of modern science, The Rosen Publishing Group, 2005, ISBN 1-4042-0314-1. 3  Hoskin, Michael (Ed) The Cambridge concise history of astronomy CUP 1999. 4  Hellman, Hal (1988).alileo later defended his views in Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, which appeared to attack Pope Urban VIII and thus alienated him and the Jesuits, who had both supported Galileo up until this point.