For clarity reasons, a WSPS will be denoted in what follows by WSPS (U, t) = true. If the WFMS identifies a WSPS for U (R-type(T)) with regard to CT and Ctl (w), it starts a delegation process that returns true if it was able to bypass this WSPS and false elsewhere.
The kidneys are found in the upper back (the âsmall of the backâ, it is often called). Kidney disease can cause pain in this part of the upper back. Pain in this area is common, and often comes from the muscles of the back, or from the spine. Pain from the kidneys is often constant, or can be sharp, like being stabbed.
Kidney pain is a term often used to describe a lower back pain that is more lateral (towards the side) or around the flanks. However the kidneys, despite popular belief, are not located in the lower parts of the abdomen. The kidneys lies just below the diaphragm on either side towards the back of the abdomen in an area known as the retroperitoneal cavity. Back pain is by far the most common cause of what is termed kidney pain.