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The thyroid hormone process begins when the pituitary gland in the brain produces thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then acts upon the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. The two main thyroid hormones produced are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Although the thyroid gland produces more T4 (80 percent) compared with T3 (20 percent), T3 is 300 percent more active than T4 and is the thyroid hormone responsible for increasing metabolism. In fact, much of the T4 is converted into the more active T3 inside the cells of the body.
The thyroid and parathyroid glands are situated close to each other in the front of the neck. The thyroid gland produces the hormone thyroxine (T 4) and its more active form, T 3, which act on body cells to regulate metabolism (the chemical reactions continually occurring in the body).Some thyroid cells secrete the hormone calcitonin, which lowers calcium in the blood.hyroid and parathyroid hormones. Iodine from the diet is used to make the hormones T 4 and T 3. These hormones are produced by the thyroid gland and regulate body metabolism. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and, to a lesser extent, calcitonin regulate levels of calcium and phosphate.