Otology is a specialty dedicated to the care of the ears, which includes the hearing and balance systems. The specialist who practices Otology has completed a fiveâ or sixâyear residency in Otolaryngology, followed by one to two years of fellowship training in Otology.
The caffeine content of beverages containing chicory was determined using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). A coffee/chicory mixture substitute contains 3.18 mg/fl oz of caffeine, whereas instant coffee contains 12.61 mg/fl oz of caffeine.
Caffeine causes calcium to be excreted in the urine and feces. For every 150 mg of caffeine ingested, about the amount in one cup of coffee, 5 mg of calcium is lost. This effect occurs even hours after the consumption of caffeine. One study of postmenopausal women found that those who consumed more than 300 mg of caffeine lost more bone in the spine than women who consumed less.