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Intercostal muscles are several groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall. The intercostal muscles are mainly involved in the mechanical aspect of breathing.These muscles help expand and shrink the size of the chest cavity to facilitate breathing. The external intercostals are responsible for the elevation of the ribs and bending them more open, thus expanding the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. 2  Internal intercostal muscles aid in forced expiration (quiet expiration is a passive process).
These muscles play a vital role in the movement of the chest during breathing. They also help to solidify the thoracic region and protect the lungs. Anatomy The 22 pairs of intercostal muscles are broken down into two groups: 11 pairs of internal intercostals and 11 pairs of external intercostals....