If the temperature is below setpoint, the output will be on longer; if the temperature is too high, the output will be off longer. The third controller type provides proportional with integral and derivative control, or PID.
Amplifier figures of merit. In electronics, the figures of merit of an amplifier are numerical measures that characterize its properties and performance. Figures of merit can be given as a list of specifications that include properties such as gain, bandwidth, noise and linearity, among others listed in this article. Figures of merit are important for determining the suitability of a particular amplifier for an intended use.
The Volume variance represents the difference between the budget allowance and the standard expenses charged to work in process. If budget allowance is more than the standard expenses charged to production, the variance is called unfavorable volume variance. If budget allowance is less than the standard expenses charged to production, the variance is called favorable volume variance. Overhead volume variance is calculated when overall or net overhead variance is further analyzed using two variance method.