Snellen defined standard vision as the ability to recognise a letter (âoptotypeâ) when it forms an angle of 5 arcminutes, which is âline nineâ of the letters (âoptotypesâ) on the chart at 6 metres. Hermann, Dutch ophthalmologist, 1834-1908.
In the context of the theory of Marxist revolutionary struggle, vanguardism is a strategy whereby the most class-conscious and politically advanced sections of the proletariat or working class, described as the revolutionary vanguard, form organizations in order to draw larger sections of the working class towards revolutionary politics and serve as manifestations of proletarian political power against its class enemies.
The core of these ideas is the concept of vanguardism, or the vanguard party.. According to this perspective, socialists need to organise together in a party, based on the principles of democratic centralism, which aims to gain a decisive influence in the class struggle. The ultimate aim of such a party is revolution and its seizure of power.