Instead, they have pushed employees into defined-contribution plans, in which the worker, not the employer, bears the risk of poor investment performance. Determining whether pension funds have adequate funding is, to some extent, a work of art. Companies estimate what they will owe in the future, and then discount that number based on how long it will be until they have to pay it and the interest rate at which their pension-plan investments could grow.
Subtypes of operations classified as organ preservation surgery of the larynx include the following: vertical partial laryngectomy (VPL), hemilaryngectomy, endoscopic cordectomy (including procedures that use lasers), and laryngofissure with cordectomy.
If surgery is selected as the primary treatment of supraglottic carcinoma, many believe that transcervical partial laryngectomy is the surgical therapy of choice for T1 and T2 lesions, while lesions that are more extensive (eg, T3, T4) demand total laryngectomy.omparing results of supraglottic laryngectomy with those of radiotherapy is difficult because some series of patients treated with radiotherapy alone include those with lesions that were anatomically unsuitable for conservative laryngeal surgery.