As outlined in Chapter 4, you begin the proposal development process. with an understanding of the need or problem as the basis for conceptual-. izing your proposed program or intervention. Likewise, when you begin. writing the proposal, the needs/problem statement is typically the first. section completed.
An example of this is Down syndrome. Down syndrome is a disease in which the chromosomes failed to separate properly during meiosis leading to three chromosomes of type 21 instead of two. A person with the condition therefore has a total of 47 chromosomes instead of 46. The non-disjunction can take place either in the formation of the egg or the sperm.
Risk factors include: 1  Advancing maternal age. 2  A woman's chances of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome increase with age because older eggs have a greater risk of improper chromosome division. 3  By age 35, a woman's risk of conceiving a child with Down syndrome is about 1 in 350.