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Pulmonary Surfactant. Surfactant is a complex substance containing phospholipids and a number of apoproteins. Surfactant reduces surface tension throughout the lung, thereby contributing to its general compliance. Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active lipoprotein complex formed by type II alveolar cells.ottom left: the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC). Center right: sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) AOT is a rare surfactant-it is soluble and active in both oil and water. Botton right: pentaethylene glycol monodecyl ether (C12EO5), a non-ionic surfactant. Top of Page.
Surfactant prevents this collapse by reducing the surface tension of the fluids that line the lungs and helping to equalize the pressures between large and small air spaces. Surface tension is a measure of the attraction molecules of a fluid have for each other.or example, if a drop of detergent is added to a drop of water, the detergent reduces the surface tension and the drop of water flattens out. In the lungs, surfactant reduces the surface tension and helps to maximize the surface area available for gas exchange.