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pH. The pH of a solution is a measure of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution and as such is a measure of the acidity or basicity of the solution. The letters pH stand for power of hydrogen and the numerical value is defined as the negative base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions.
active ions is lower than expected. This leads to the pH definition pH = -log a H+ <4> 1.2 HOW TO MEASURE pH An electrochemical cell for pH measurement always consists of an indicating electrode whose potential is directly proportional to pH, a reference electrode whose potential is independent of pH, and the aqueous sample to be measured.