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Diagram showing the basic physiologic mechanisms of the kidney. Renal function, in nephrology, is an indication of the state of the kidney and its role in renal physiology. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) describes the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney. Creatinine clearance rate (CCr or CrCl) is the volume of blood plasma that is cleared of creatinine per unit time and is a useful measure for approximating the GFR.
Although many forms of kidney disease do not produce symptoms until late in the course of the disease, there are six warning signs of kidney disease: 1  High blood pressure. 2  Blood and/or protein in the urine. 3  A creatinine and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) blood test, outside the normal range. BUN and creatinine are waste that build up in your blood when your kidney function is reduced. A glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60. GFR is a measure of kidney function.