et al. n. abbreviation for the Latin phrase et alii meaning and others.. This is commonly used in shortening the name of a case, as in Pat Murgatroyd v. Sally Sherman, et al.. adverb and all, and everyone, and more of the same, and other parties, and other things, and others, and the rest.
Circles parallel to the Equator (lines running east and west) are parallels of latitude. They are used to measure degrees of latitude north or south of the Equator. The angular distance from the Equator to the pole is one-fourth of a circle or 90. The 48 conterminous states of the United States are located between 25 and 49 N. latitude. The arrows in figure 8-2 labeled âLATITUDEâ point to lines of latitude.
Grids are two degrees wide and one degree from top to bottom. In Hawaii, the important lines are 156 West Longitude and 158 West Longitude in one direction and 19, 20, 21 and 22 degrees North Latitude in the other direction. The two longitude lines fall on Oahu and the Big Island. The first, 156 West Longitude just cuts off the Western tip of the Big Island. The second slices down through Oahu basically running through Pearl City and the tip of Kahuku Point. North of 20 degrees North Latitude, Hawaii grids start with BL. South of that line the grids start with BK.