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In areas where the plates come together, sometimes volcanoes will form. Volcanoes can also form in the middle of a plate, where magma rises upward until it erupts on the sea floor, at what is called a âhot spot.â. The Hawaiian Islands were formed by such a hot spot occurring in the middle of the Pacific Plate. While the hot spot itself is fixed, the plate is moving. So, as the plate moved over the hot spot, the string of islands that make up the Hawaiian Island chain were formed.
A hotspot is an area in the Earthâs mantle from which hot plumes rise upward, forming volcanoes on the overlying crust. The best example of a hotspot producing a line of volcanic islands is the Hawaiian hotspot. This drawing, from Thurmanâs Introduction to Oceanography, illustrates how the Hawaiian chain formed as the Pacific tectonic plate moved over the hotspot.