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Intercostal muscles are several groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall. The intercostal muscles are mainly involved in the mechanical aspect of breathing.These muscles help expand and shrink the size of the chest cavity to facilitate breathing. The external intercostals are responsible for the elevation of the ribs and bending them more open, thus expanding the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. 2  Internal intercostal muscles aid in forced expiration (quiet expiration is a passive process).
1 Internal intercostal muscles: originate at the upper border of a rib and insert ventrocranially at the lower border of the rib above. 2  Innermost intercostal muscles: separate from the internal intercostal muscles and insert behind the costal grooves. 3  Inwards they are bordered by the internal thoracic fascia.he contraction of the external intercostal muscles causes an elevation of the ribs (inspiratory breathing muscles) whereas both the internal and innermost intercostal muscles lower the ribs (expiratory breathing muscles).