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The urinary bladder is a pouch that collects urine from the kidneys. As a result of certain conditions, the bladder wall thickens. Thickened bladder wall causes could be any of the following: 1  Inflammation due to urinary tract infection can cause thickening. 2  This is because the infected tissue accumulates fluids, pus, and other inflammatory debris that makes it swell and look dense.
Inflammation is a protective reaction of the body tissue to irritation, injury, or infection. Inflammation of the bladder is called cystitis. When the inflammation is caused by bacterial infection, it is referred to as bacterial cystitis or just cystitis. Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a condition that causes pain and inflammation in the bladder when no infection is found. (Other causes of noninfectious inflammation of the bladder are also possible.).