The doctrine that at least certain ideas (e.g., those of God, infinity, substance) must be innate, because no satisfactory empirical origin of them could be conceived, flourished in the 17th century and found in RenÃ© Descartes its most prominent exponent.
Local Curvature of Space. According to Einsteinâs theory of general relativity, massive objects warp the spacetime around them, and the effect a warp has on objects is what we call gravity. So, locally, spacetime is curved around every object with mass. Overall Curvature of Space
In answer to the OP â yes, absolutely. Astronomy is often considered a subfield of physics (many people prefer to call it âastrophysicsâ). Just as in other physics subfields, astronomers make falsifiable predictions that they test in controlled experiments. I think thatâs an acceptable threshold for âhard science.â.