Instead, they have pushed employees into defined-contribution plans, in which the worker, not the employer, bears the risk of poor investment performance. Determining whether pension funds have adequate funding is, to some extent, a work of art. Companies estimate what they will owe in the future, and then discount that number based on how long it will be until they have to pay it and the interest rate at which their pension-plan investments could grow.
Subtypes of operations classified as organ preservation surgery of the larynx include the following: vertical partial laryngectomy (VPL), hemilaryngectomy, endoscopic cordectomy (including procedures that use lasers), and laryngofissure with cordectomy.
A Honor Society of Nursing (STTI) answered. Total laryngectomy is a type of surgery in which the entire larynx is moved to treat laryngeal cancer. The larynx contains the vocal cords, which are structures necessary for normal speech. Natural speech is therefore impossible after a total laryngectomy. However, several methods have been developed to help individuals produce artificial speech after this surgery.