If the temperature is below setpoint, the output will be on longer; if the temperature is too high, the output will be off longer. The third controller type provides proportional with integral and derivative control, or PID.
Noise figure. Noise figure (NF) and noise factor (F) are measures of degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), caused by components in a radio-frequency (RF) signal chain. It is a number by which the performance of an amplifier or a radio receiver can be specified, with lower values indicating better performance.
The Volume variance represents the difference between the budget allowance and the standard expenses charged to work in process. If budget allowance is more than the standard expenses charged to production, the variance is called unfavorable volume variance. If budget allowance is less than the standard expenses charged to production, the variance is called favorable volume variance. Overhead volume variance is calculated when overall or net overhead variance is further analyzed using two variance method.