et al. n. abbreviation for the Latin phrase et alii meaning and others.. This is commonly used in shortening the name of a case, as in Pat Murgatroyd v. Sally Sherman, et al.. adverb and all, and everyone, and more of the same, and other parties, and other things, and others, and the rest.
Circles parallel to the Equator (lines running east and west) are parallels of latitude. They are used to measure degrees of latitude north or south of the Equator. The angular distance from the Equator to the pole is one-fourth of a circle or 90. The 48 conterminous states of the United States are located between 25 and 49 N. latitude. The arrows in figure 8-2 labeled âLATITUDEâ point to lines of latitude.
Latitude lines are also known as parallels since they are parallel and are an equal distant from each other. Each degree of latitude is approximately 69 miles (111 km) apart; there is a variation due to the fact that the earth is not a perfect sphere but an oblate ellipsoid (slightly egg-shaped).he vertical longitude lines are also known as meridians. They converge at the poles and are widest at the equator (about 69 miles or 111 km apart). Zero degrees longitude is located at Greenwich, England (0Â°).