As outlined in Chapter 4, you begin the proposal development process. with an understanding of the need or problem as the basis for conceptual-. izing your proposed program or intervention. Likewise, when you begin. writing the proposal, the needs/problem statement is typically the first. section completed.
An example of this is Down syndrome. Down syndrome is a disease in which the chromosomes failed to separate properly during meiosis leading to three chromosomes of type 21 instead of two. A person with the condition therefore has a total of 47 chromosomes instead of 46. The non-disjunction can take place either in the formation of the egg or the sperm.
Regardless of the type of Down syndrome a person may have, all people with Down syndrome have an extra, critical portion of chromosome 21 present in all or some of their cells. This additional genetic material alters the course of development and causes the characteristics associated with Down syndrome.ranslocation. In translocation, which accounts for about 4% of cases of Down syndrome, the total number of chromosomes in the cells remains 46; however, an additional full or partial copy of chromosome 21 attaches to another chromosome, usually chromosome 14.