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Azeotropic distillation. Any of several processes by which liquid mixtures containing azeotropes may be separated into their pure components with the aid of an additional substance (called the entrainer, the solvent, or the mass separating agent) to facilitate the distillation.ny of several processes by which liquid mixtures containing azeotropes may be separated into their pure components with the aid of an additional substance (called the entrainer, the solvent, or the mass separating agent) to facilitate the distillation.
The topic of this chapter is azeotropic distillation. By azeotropic distillation, even complex mixtures with ternary azeotropes and with demixing behavior into a heteroazeotrope can be handled. The added compound (entrainer) produces a more suitable (at least ternary) azeotrope.n this last section, practical aspects of the separation of ethanol and water by azeotropic distillation with toluene as the entrainer are discussed. Figure 7.7 shows the effect of the addition of toluene as an entrainer to an ethanolâwater system, which exhibits a minimum azeotrope.