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Intercostal muscles are several groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall. The intercostal muscles are mainly involved in the mechanical aspect of breathing.These muscles help expand and shrink the size of the chest cavity to facilitate breathing. The external intercostals are responsible for the elevation of the ribs and bending them more open, thus expanding the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. 2  Internal intercostal muscles aid in forced expiration (quiet expiration is a passive process).
The intercostal muscles lie between the ribs. When you exhale, these muscles contract, and in conjunction with the abdominal muscles, the lungs contract and air is forced up v â¦ ia a positive pressure gradient.here are three levels of intercostal muscles all situated between the ribs. The layers are named according to depth into the thorax, the outer (or external) intercostal being the most superficial the inner (or internal) intercostals being in the middle and the innermost intercostal being the deepest.