The burning of fossil fuels by humans is the largest source of emissions of carbon dioxide, which is one of the greenhouse gases that allows radiative forcing and contributes to global warming.
The genetic code. Efforts to understand how proteins are encoded began after DNA's structure was discovered in 1953. George Gamow postulated that sets of three bases must be employed to encode the 20 standard amino acids used by living cells to build proteins, which would allow a maximum of 43 = 64 amino acids.
From DNA to protein. But how does DNA code for protein? (also referred to as the Central Dogma) To make protein from DNA we first need to take a different step. That is to make RNA from DNA. RNA is important for a lot of different functions but I will only talk about messenger RNA here, which is used to synthesize protein from.