BACKGROUND NOISE: Essentially all neurosurgeons are spine surgeons. Our initiation into spine surgery begins at the very start of our residency, is at the very core of what we do throughout training, and remains the most common thing we do through our careers. It's been like that for most of a century.
When President Carter granted amnesty to draft evaders he was using his judicial power.
Then in 1986, Congress passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) giving amnesty to all illegal aliens who had evaded law enforcement for at least four years or who were working illegally in agriculture.