Although Clostridium perfringens Type B is not considered a significant problem in the U.S.A., immunity may be provided against the beta and epsilon toxins elaborated by Cl. perfringens Type B. The immunity is derived from the combination of Type C (beta) and Type D (epsilon) fractions.
What do sea lampreys eat? A: Sea lampreys feed off the blood of large fish, including trout, salmon, whitefish, carp, catfish and sturgeon. The sea lamprey is native to the Atlantic Ocean but infiltrated the Great Lakes region in the 1920s and '30s during canal construction.
The lamprey uses its suction cup-like mouth to attach itself to the skin of a fish and rasps away tissue with its sharp, probing tongue and keratinized teeth. Secretions in the lamprey's mouth prevent the victim's blood from clotting. Victims typically die from excessive blood loss or infection.