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The retina. Fromer explained that the retina is the innermost of three tissue layers that make up the eye. The outermost layer, called the sclera, is what gives most of the eyeball its white color. The cornea is also a part of the outer layer.The middle layer between the retina and sclera is called the choroid. The 7 Biggest Mysteries of the Human Body ]. Behind the cornea is a colored, ring-shaped membrane called the iris. The iris has an adjustable circular opening called the pupil, which can expand or contract to control the amount of light entering the eye, Fromer said. Ciliary muscles surround the lens.
Overview / Basic structure of the eyeball. The eyeball consists of three principal layers. 1  The outer layer, or sclera, consists of dense fibrous connective tissue. 2  The sclera is white of the eye. 3  The sclera is continuous with the transparent substantia propria of the cornea. The exposed front surface of the eye, including the cornea, is also covered by a thin, non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. 2  The next layer, or choroid, consists of heavily pigmented loose connective tissue, including many melanocytes. 3  The choroid is normally not visible behind the white of the sclera.