If the temperature is below setpoint, the output will be on longer; if the temperature is too high, the output will be off longer. The third controller type provides proportional with integral and derivative control, or PID.
Noise figure. Noise figure (NF) and noise factor (F) are measures of degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), caused by components in a radio-frequency (RF) signal chain. It is a number by which the performance of an amplifier or a radio receiver can be specified, with lower values indicating better performance.
In measurements, noise and distortion limit the dynamic range of test results.In this four-part paper, the characteristics of noise and its direct measurement are discussed in Part I. Part II contains a discussion of the measurement of noise-like signals exemplified by digital CDMA and TDMA signals.