Instead, they have pushed employees into defined-contribution plans, in which the worker, not the employer, bears the risk of poor investment performance. Determining whether pension funds have adequate funding is, to some extent, a work of art. Companies estimate what they will owe in the future, and then discount that number based on how long it will be until they have to pay it and the interest rate at which their pension-plan investments could grow.
Subtypes of operations classified as organ preservation surgery of the larynx include the following: vertical partial laryngectomy (VPL), hemilaryngectomy, endoscopic cordectomy (including procedures that use lasers), and laryngofissure with cordectomy.
Laryngeal cancer and pharyngeal cancer are two of the most common types of throat cancer. Pharyngeal cancer is broken into three types: 1  Nasopharynx cancer forms in the upper part of the throat. 2  Oropharynx cancer forms in the middle part of the throat.  Hypopharynx cancer forms in the bottom part of the throat.