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The urinary bladder is a pouch that collects urine from the kidneys. As a result of certain conditions, the bladder wall thickens. Thickened bladder wall causes could be any of the following: 1  Inflammation due to urinary tract infection can cause thickening. 2  This is because the infected tissue accumulates fluids, pus, and other inflammatory debris that makes it swell and look dense.
Bladder infections are caused by bacteria in the bladder. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is usually the bacteria that causes a bladder infection. Bladders normally have a small amount of bacteria in them and urinating helps flush out the bacteria, but sometimes the bacteria grows so fast it causes a bladder infection. Effects Bladder infections can cause a frequent or urgent need to urinate. They can also cause pain, itchiness or a burning sensation during urination. Urine can smell and look different when the bladder is infected. Like other bacterial infections, a bladder infection can also cause fever, chills and fatigue.