In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.) describes the happy life intended for man by nature as one lived in accordance with virtue, and, in his Politics, he describes the role that politics and the political community must play in bringing about the virtuous life in the citizenry. Understanding any of Aristotle's texts means reading it in its entirety, but if you want a book by your side to check cross-references from whichever of his texts you are reading (for example, if the editor of the edition of the Politics you are reading refers to the Ethics), this one should do the trick. 2  Aristotle.
New York Income Tax. New Yorkâs top marginal income tax rate of 8.82% is eighth highest in the country, but very few taxpayers pay that amount. The state applies taxes progressively (as does the federal government), with higher earners paying higher rates.
Of the five states, three (Connecticut, New Jersey and New York) have state income taxes with more than one tax bracket and two, Massachusetts and Rhode Island have flat taxes. Rates for top income brackets in 2002 range from a low of 4. 5% (Connecticut) to a high of 6. 85% (New York). For the lowest brackets, tax rates run from 1. 4% in New Jersey to 5. 3% in Massachusetts. Rhode Island is the only one of the five that uses federal tax liability as the basis of its tax.