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The retina. Fromer explained that the retina is the innermost of three tissue layers that make up the eye. The outermost layer, called the sclera, is what gives most of the eyeball its white color. The cornea is also a part of the outer layer.The middle layer between the retina and sclera is called the choroid. The 7 Biggest Mysteries of the Human Body ]. Behind the cornea is a colored, ring-shaped membrane called the iris. The iris has an adjustable circular opening called the pupil, which can expand or contract to control the amount of light entering the eye, Fromer said. Ciliary muscles surround the lens.
The human eye is composed of many parts, all of which work together to convert the light rays that are going through your pupil into information your brain can interpret. Light rays travel and bounce off objects before they get to your pupil, and determine the color and brightness your brain perceives.