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Intercostal muscles are several groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall. The intercostal muscles are mainly involved in the mechanical aspect of breathing.These muscles help expand and shrink the size of the chest cavity to facilitate breathing. The external intercostals are responsible for the elevation of the ribs and bending them more open, thus expanding the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. 2  Internal intercostal muscles aid in forced expiration (quiet expiration is a passive process).
1 Innermost intercostal muscles â The fibres of these muscles extend in the same direction of the internal intercostal muscles. 2  They extend from the medial edge of the costal groove to the medial surface of the rib below and are mainly present within the lateral thoracic wall. Internal intercostal muscles â The eleven pairs of internal intercostal muscles are found posterior to the external intercostals. 2  These pass from the inferior edge of the costal groove to the superior margins of the ribs below.