et al. n. abbreviation for the Latin phrase et alii meaning and others.. This is commonly used in shortening the name of a case, as in Pat Murgatroyd v. Sally Sherman, et al.. adverb and all, and everyone, and more of the same, and other parties, and other things, and others, and the rest.
Circles parallel to the Equator (lines running east and west) are parallels of latitude. They are used to measure degrees of latitude north or south of the Equator. The angular distance from the Equator to the pole is one-fourth of a circle or 90. The 48 conterminous states of the United States are located between 25 and 49 N. latitude. The arrows in figure 8-2 labeled âLATITUDEâ point to lines of latitude.
Between the equator and the North, pole there are 90 parallel lines of latitude and the north pole itself is Latitude 90 degrees north of the equator. Between the equator and the south pole there are also 90 equally spaced parallels and the south pole is Latitude 90 degrees south of the equator. The lines of longitude run from pole to pole and intersect the equator at right angles. Here too the lines, or degrees, are about 69 miles apart.