C. difficile is a toxin-producing bacteria that causes antibiotic-associated colitis, which can occur after the antibiotic therapy upsets the balance of good and bad bacteria in your intestinal tract. Besides loose stools, C. difficile infection can cause: 1  Lower abdominal pain and cramping. 2  Low-grade fever.  Nausea.
Topics | Endocrine System | What is the function of islets in the pancreas? Islets are groups of cells located in the pancreas that make hormones that help the body break down and use food. For example, alpha cells make glucagon and beta cells make insulin. They are also called islets of Langerhans.
a chemical and biological barrier due to the thickness of the skin, its tough outer layer and its acidic (4-6) ph at the surface. functions of the skin - hydroregulation. regulation of water. Keeps the skin from drying out on land and prevents cells from absorbing water when the body is immersed in water. functions of the skin - thermoregulation maintain normal body temperature by regulating heat loss.