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Cyanosis is a physical sign causing bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. Cyanosis is caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood. Cyanosis is associated with cold temperatures, heart failure, lung diseases, and smothering.yanosis. [sÄ«â²ÉnÅâ²sis]. Etymology: Gk, kyanos, blue, osis, condition. bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by an excess of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule, such as in methemoglobin.
Other causes of cyanosis include the following: Methemoglobin. 1  Normal hemoglobin unbound to oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin and is symbolized HbFe +2. 2  Methemoglobin (metHb), the oxidized form of hemoglobin, is HbFe +3. 3  Normally, as much as 2% of hemoglobin is in the form of metHb.