Not all cases of vertigo and dizziness in the adolescent are likely to be referred for specialty clinic evaluation. Therefore, multiple causes of dizziness are likely to be underreported in neurology and otolaryngology clinic-based studies of vertigo and dizziness in the adolescent.
The eight elements of thought and reasoning are part of the Critical Thinking model. They are listed as follows: 1. Information. 2. Assumptions. 3. Implications and consequences.
Paul and Elder identify nine universal elements of thought and eight universal intellectual standards. 5 The elements address discrete components of thinking while the standards speak to the quality of the thinking.