As a criminal offence. In common law jurisdictions, as a criminal offence, fraud takes many different forms, some general (e.g., theft by false pretense) and some specific to particular categories of victims or misconduct (e.g., bank fraud, insurance fraud, forgery). The elements of fraud as a crime similarly vary.
Hysterectomy on benign indication may have unwanted long-term effects on pelvic floor function and on the lower urinary tract. Hysterectomy is associated with a significantly increased risk of pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence and pelvic organ fistula disease.
Removal of the uterus may be undertaken for a number of medical reasons although it is only performed to save life in relatively few cases. Whatever the primary indication, hysterectomy may be accompanied by alterations in sexuality that may occur for a variety of biological and psychological reasons.