NERC Reliability Standards define the reliability requirements for planning and operating the North American bulk power system and are developed using a results-based approach that focuses on performance, risk management, and entity capabilities.
This was the beginning of the African slave trade. The Europeans differed from the Arabs in that they did not normally conduct raids themselves, but usually bougth slaves from Arab slave brokers and African chiefs. Europeans built trading post and forts all along the coast of West Africa.From Senegal south to Cameroons there were about 60 forts that served as trading posts for the slave trade. The Europeans exchanged rum, cloth, guns, and other trade goods for their human cargo.he demand for slaves by Europeans redirected trade west to the new European trading stations along the Atalntic coast. As a result, the African states of the savanna declined as coastal states increased in wealth and importance.
Portugal and Spain Portugal was the first European country to trade in slaves from Africa, initially mainly to bring them back to Portugal (there were 32,000 African slaves in Portugal in the 16th century, working mainly in the fields and sugar plantations).ome, such as England, France and Portugal used slave labour in their colonies while others, such as the Netherlands, Norway and Denmark, were mainly active in the commercial trade and shipping, thus contributing to the trade by carrying slaves from Africa to the Caribbean and Latin America.