To convert a signed binary int to a decimal number, use the following algorithm. We illustrate the algorithm on two four-bit examples: 1110 and 0101. If the leftmost bit is a 1, the number is negative. Do the following... (1110 starts with a 1.
Copper pyrites is a common name for the mineral chalcopyrite, which has a formula CuFeS2. It can be considered to be made up of Cu+ Fe3+ S2- ions but there is covalent character.
CHAPS is an abbreviation for 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate. A related detergent, called CHAPSO, has the same basic chemical structure with an additional hydroxyl functional group; its full chemical name is 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate.