It is possible to have multiple independent variables and/or multiple dependent variables. For instance, in multivariable calculus, one often encounters functions of the form, where z is a dependent variable and x and y are independent variables.
Gas exchange between the air within the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries occurs by diffusion. The oxygen must first dissolve before passing through the respiratory epithelium. Gas moves from a region of high partial pressure to a region of low partial pressure, down a partial pressure gradient.
(1) Pulmonary Ventilation- The inhalation and exhalation of air and involves the exchange of air. between the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs. (2) External (pulmonary) respiration- Exchange of gases between the alveoli of the lungs and the blood in pulmonary capillaries across the respiratory membrane.