While the functional elements of MEMS are miniaturized structures, sensors, actuators, and microelectronics, the most notable (and perhaps most interesting) elements are the microsensors and microactuators.
The horse (Equus caballus) has made many dramatic and significant journeys. During the Pleistocene (Ice Age), more than 20,000 years ago, wild horses that had evolved in America migrated to the Old World, Eurasia and Africa. More than 6,000 year ago in the Volga basin of eastern Europe horses were domesticated and in the subsequent millennia spread to other parts of Asia, Europe, and Africa.
1 The oldest living horse on record was named Ol' Billy. 2  Bill was allegedly born in the year 1760 in London, England. 3  Bill died in 1822 at the age of sixty-two years. 4  Henry Harrison, an occupant of London during the time, had also allegedly known Ol' Billy for fifty-nine years until Bill's death.