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Figure 3. A multi-year Purdue study found that the highest alfalfa yields were recorded when fertilizer rates were 50 pounds of P 2 O 5 per acre per year, and 200 pounds or more of K 2 O per acre per year.igure 3. A multi-year Purdue study found that the highest alfalfa yields were recorded when fertilizer rates were 50 pounds of P 2 O 5 per acre per year, and 200 pounds or more of K 2 O per acre per year.
Alfalfa is a tap-rooted crop and can last five years and longer under proper management. Whether grazed or fed as hay, alfalfa is an excellent forage for cattle and horses. More than 400,000 acres of alfalfa are harvested annually in Missouri, averaging about three tons of hay per acre. Alfalfa as a cash hay crop could produce more than $60 million each year.