Health disparities accompany the academic achievement gap, including disparities in fitness and obesity between these populations. Efrat18 reviewed seven studies that examined the relationship between PA or fitness and academic-related outcomes in minority children, and found an overall positive relationship.
1 Hiring a contractor to pour a concrete sidewalk runs around $5-$9 a square foot, or $1,500-$2,250 for a sidewalk 5 feet wide and 50 feet long.2  Depending on the type of finish used, costs can be as high as $10-$18 or more a square foot, or $2,500-$4,500 for a 5-by-50-foot sidewalk. Hiring a contractor to pour a concrete sidewalk runs around $5-$9 a square foot, or $1,500-$2,250 for a sidewalk 5 feet wide and 50 feet long.
Sidewalks may be located near obstructions, such as telephone poles, traffic signal cabinets or other utilities and infrastructure. Where such obstructions exist, the sidewalk must be constructed to allow the minimum width requirement of 36 inches between the edge of an obstruction and the edge of the sidewalk.