Definition and Etiology. Ascites is defined as the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. It is a common clinical finding, with various extraperitoneal and peritoneal causes (Box 1), but it most often results from liver cirrhosis.
Tests for the detection of Bence-Jones Protein. Bradshaw Test. The urine specimen is treated with 1 or 2 drops of 33 per cent acetic acid to bring the pH down to 4.8 to 5.0, centrifuged clear, and diluted 1:1 with water. The diluted urine is layered carefully over concentrated HCl in a test tube.
Urine tests are designed to detect a byproduct of nicotine known as cotinine.. This substance is produced by the body's metabolic processes and can be detected in typical smokers for about four days after the cessation of smoking. Smokers with unusually fast metabolisms may be cotinine-free within two days after their last cigarette.