From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Phototoxicity, also called photoirritation, is a chemically induced skin irritation, requiring light, that does not involve the immune system. It is a type of photosensitivity. The skin response resembles an exaggerated sunburn.
The contribution margin ratio is the difference between a company's sales and variable expenses, expressed as a percentage. The total margin generated by an entity represents the total earnings available to pay for fixed expenses and generate a profit.
Sign up to view the full content. Figure 4 4. The sacrifice ratio is the number of percentage points of annual output lost in the process of reducing inflation by 1 percentage point. The credibility of the Fedâs commitment to reduce inflation might affect the sacrifice ratio because it affects the speed at which expectations of inflation adjust.