From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Phototoxicity, also called photoirritation, is a chemically induced skin irritation, requiring light, that does not involve the immune system. It is a type of photosensitivity. The skin response resembles an exaggerated sunburn.
Contribution margin ratio measures the percentage of sales that would increase net income. To calculate it, divide contribution margin by sales, either in total or per unit: Suppose a gadget selling for $100 per unit brings in $40 per unit of contribution margin.
Sign up to view the full content. Figure 4 4. The sacrifice ratio is the number of percentage points of annual output lost in the process of reducing inflation by 1 percentage point. The credibility of the Fedâs commitment to reduce inflation might affect the sacrifice ratio because it affects the speed at which expectations of inflation adjust.