Causes Of Urinary Tract Infection In Women And Men. Causes Of Urinary Tract Infection In Women And Men. Urinary tract infections are caused when microbes, especially bacteria, infect different parts of the urinary system by entering it through the urethra. Women are more prone to UTIs than men across all ages. This is because their urethra is short and close to their anus and vagina.
The role of the Invertebral Discs. The bony vertebrae of your spinal column are separated from one another by pads of tough cartilage, called intervertebral discs (Fig. 2,above). These discs act like shock absorbers during activity, preventing the individual vertebra from rubbing against one another.
Spondylolysis/Spondylolisthesis. Spondylolysis refers to a defect in one of the vertebra in the lower back, generally the last vertebra of the lumbar spine. The area of the vertebra called the pedicle is affected. The pedicle is part of the bony ring that protects the spinal nerves. The pedicle also connects the vertebral body to the facet joints. When a spondylolysis is present, the back part of the vertebra and the facet joints simply are not connected to the body - except by soft tissue.