In these cases, the transition from the solid to the gaseous state requires an intermediate liquid state. The pressure referred to is the partial pressure of the substance, not the total (e.g. atmospheric) pressure of the entire system.
Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic disease caused by a bacterial toxin usually produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. There are four generally recognized naturally-occurring types; foodborne, wound, infant, and, rarely, adult intestinal colonization. Iatrogenic and inhalational botulism may also occur.
In addition, these toxins are a concern in bioterrorism. Last Updated: June 2010 Importance Botulism is caused by botulinum toxins, neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum and a few other species of Clostridium. By binding to nerve endings, these toxins cause progressive flaccid paralysis in humans and animals.otulism Last Updated: June 2010 Â© 2010 page 2 of 11 Group III C. botulinum strains, which produce toxins C or D, are usually associated with botulism in animals. Group IV C. botulinum produces the type G toxin and has been reclassified as the new species Clostridium argentinense.