While the functional elements of MEMS are miniaturized structures, sensors, actuators, and microelectronics, the most notable (and perhaps most interesting) elements are the microsensors and microactuators.
The horse (Equus caballus) has made many dramatic and significant journeys. During the Pleistocene (Ice Age), more than 20,000 years ago, wild horses that had evolved in America migrated to the Old World, Eurasia and Africa. More than 6,000 year ago in the Volga basin of eastern Europe horses were domesticated and in the subsequent millennia spread to other parts of Asia, Europe, and Africa.
Ponies tend to live longer with many ponies still serving as schoolmasters well into their 30s. A few ponies and horses may even reach the age of 40 or over. The oldest horse ever recorded was 52 years old. But larger horses like draft breeds are generally not as long-lived as smaller breeds such as Arabians.