Arising in the mucous membranes, these white patches on the tongue, gums, cheeks, or elsewhere inside the mouth have the potential to develop into squamous cell carcinoma. They may be caused by sources of chronic irritation, such as habitual alcohol consumption or tobacco use, or rough edges on teeth or dentures.
Virus infection in vertebrates results in two general types of immune response. The first is a rapid-onset innate response against the virus, which involves the synthesis of proteins called interferons and the stimulation of natural killer lymphocytes.
The immune response to severe bacterial infections: consequences for therapy. Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Raftogiannis M. The immune response to a bacterial stimulus starts when pathogen-associated molecular patterns of the bacterial pathogens activate pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system.iamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Raftogiannis M. The immune response to a bacterial stimulus starts when pathogen-associated molecular patterns of the bacterial pathogens activate pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system.