Doped fiber amplifiers (DFA): Use a doped optical fiber medium for boosting signals in a similar manner to fiber lasers. The signal requiring amplification, along with a pump laser, is multiplexed in a doped fiber medium and intersects with doping ions.
Nationalisation (an alternative spelling is nationalization) is the process of taking a private industry or private assets into public ownership by a national government or state.n this context, the goals of nationalization were to dispossess large capitalists and redirect the profits of industry to the public purse, as a precursor to the long-term goals of establishing worker-management and reorganizing production toward use.
(April 2013). Indigenization is a term that is used in a variety of ways depending on the context. It is the fact of making something more native; transformation of some service, idea, etc. to suit a local culture, especially through the use of more indigenous people in administration, employment,etc.ndigenization is a policy where the local people of a state take part in ownership of companies or industries in their state. the local residents are given part of the profits and is used to develop their area.