Here we present data from the Observational Study of Psoriatic Arthritis Treated with Leflunomide (OSPAL), a postauthorization study that assessed the effectiveness and safety of leflunomide in adult patients with active PsA. Data were collected in Germany, the Czech Republic, and in Slovenia.
What is 'Research And Development - R&D' Research and development (R&D) refers to the investigative activities a business conducts to improve existing products and procedures or to lead to the development of new products and procedures. Consumer goods companies across all sectors and industries utilize R&D to improve on product lines, and corporations experience growth through these improvements and through the development of new goods and services.
R&D expenditures do not include expenditures for any of the following: 1  Quality control testing. 2  Advertising or promotions. 3  Consumer surveys.  Efficiency 1  surveys. Management studies.  Research in connection with literary, historical, or similar 1  projects. The acquisition of another's patent, model, production, or process.