The basic components of procedure trays include, at a minimum: items for skin preparation; Items for draping; supplies to give local anesthetic; items for surgical closure. Skin preparation items would include 2x2 or 4x4 non-sterile gauze sponges or 6 cotton-tipped applicators that can be used to prepare the skin with an antiseptic solution. Usually the gauze are picked up by a sponge stick and used to paint the antiseptic on the skin.
Water Supply. The supply line to the toilet is standard 1/2-inch copper pipe. This standard is used throughout the home to supply faucets, showers and any other appliance requiring water, including the washing machine. This 1/2-inch pipe connects to the home's 3/4-inch water pipes. The water supply line does not run directly to the toilet, however.
Therefore corrosion of copper pipes and fittings incur significant costs. Fortunately, problems with copper corrosion are relatively rare and the cause is usually well understood. Problems include coloured (blue) water, pinholes in the pipe or fitting, and failure of copper hot water cylinders. History of copper pipes and products Copper pipes have been used for domestic water services for nearly 200 years. The introduction of copper pipes offered a stronger, lighter and cheaper alternative to lead. The first pipes, used in 1810 (Reference 2), were made from sheet metal.