Ubiquitin is a small protein that exists in all eukaryotic cells. It performs its myriad functions through conjugation to a large range of target proteins. A variety of different modifications can occur. The ubiquitin protein itself consists of 76 amino acids and has a molecular mass of about 8.5 kDa. Activation: Ubiquitin is activated in a two-step reaction by an E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme, which is dependent on ATP. 2  The initial step involves production of a ubiquitin-adenylate intermediate. 3  The E1 binds both ATP and ubiquitin and catalyses the acyl-adenylation of the C-terminus of the ubiqutin molecule.
Moon Jellyfish live up to a year on average in an enclosed, temperature controlled system, although with immaculate care they can live up to an additional year. In the wild, the moon jellyfish lifecycle takes one year to complete.
Short Lifespans. Killifish are among the aquarium fish with the shortest lifespan. They generally only live a year or two. Bettas are not far behind, averaging only about 2 years. There have been documented cases of Bettas living 5 years or more, but that is not the norm.