Now, a root-locus line starts at every pole. Therefore, any place that two poles appear to be connected by a root locus line on the real-axis, the two poles actually move towards each other, and then they break away, and move off the axis. The point where the poles break off the axis is called the breakaway point.
Ethidium bromide is an intercalcating dye, which means it inserts itself between the bases that are stacked in the center of the DNA helix. One ethidium bromide molecule binds to one base. As each dye molecule binds to the bases the helix is unwound to accommodate the strain from the dye.Closed circular DNA is constrained and cannot withstand as much twisting strain as can linear DNA, so circular DNA cannot bind as much dye as can linear DNA.ne ethidium bromide molecule binds to one base. As each dye molecule binds to the bases the helix is unwound to accommodate the strain from the dye. Closed circular DNA is constrained and cannot withstand as much twisting strain as can linear DNA, so circular DNA cannot bind as much dye as can linear DNA.
Sequencing DNA means determining the order of the four chemical building blocks - called bases - that make up the DNA molecule. The sequence tells scientists the kind of genetic information that is carried in a particular DNA segment. For example, scientists can use sequence information to determine which stretches of DNA contain genes and which stretches carry regulatory instructions, turning genes on or off. In addition, and importantly, sequence data can highlight changes in a gene that may cause disease. In the DNA double helix, the four chemical bases always bond with the same partner to form base pairs. Adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T); cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G). This pairing is the basis for the mechanism by which DNA molecules are copied when cells divide, and the pairing also underlies the methods by which most DNA sequencing experiments are done.