The endoscope is inserted into an orifice allowing a surgeon or physician to view internal organs. Sometimes the procedure is simply for diagnostic purposes, and other times the procedure is used for treatment purposes, such as the removal of a tissue sample or removal of a polyp, or tumour. There are many types of endoscopy.
The cholesterol drugs mostly will be taken for a lifetime. The rundown cost is $14,100 annually for Repatha at regular intervals of 2 weeks administration of drugs. At these rates, the lifetime expenses could be stunning.
The most common side effects associated with Otezla(R) are gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Otezla(R) is marketed by Celgene and costs approximately $22,500 per year. Analysts estimate that Otezla(R) will post sales in excess of $2.5 billion by 2020 (12). In total, I estimate the global market for psoriasis drugs is in excess of $40 billion, with sales in the U.S. in excess of $20 billion.