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Normally during exercise, blood pressure increases to push the flow of oxygen-rich blood throughout the body. However, in some individuals, the response to exercise is exaggerated. Instead of reaching a systolic (upper number) blood pressure of around 200 mmHg at maximal exercise, they spike at 250 mmHg or higher.
Both epinephrine and norepinephrine increase heart rate. During a bout of exercise, epinephrine exerts a significant vasodilatory effect on the blood vessels associated with the skeletal muscles. Corticosteroids, including cortisol, also have an effect on blood pressure. Without the presence of cortisol, the influence of epinephrine and norepinephrine upon vascular responses is minimized (Drew and Leach, 1971). Therefore, cortisol facilitates the action of the catecholamines.