Litter taxes do not provide a disincentive to litter. Since they are passed on to consumers in the price of goods, citizens don't know they are paying or why. Most litter taxes are collected three times: once from the manufacturer, again from the wholesaler, and once from the retailer.
User: Which factors are common to both gradualism and punctuated equilibrium? A. Migration, genetic drift, speciation, and natural selection B. Allele change and microevolution C. Slow adaptation, stasis, and expansion Weegy: A.) GradualismExpert answered|patmarone|Points 4979|.
Thermodynamics determines which direction is preferred; however, standard thermodynamics yields no information about the rate of the reaction. Because the tools and concepts of thermodynamics are very powerful, they were extended to allow an understanding of why reactions occur with different rates. If a maximum energy state exists intermediate between S and P, and if this state. is assumed to be in equilibrium with S and P, it is possible to apply the concepts of. thermodynamics to the reaction process. This transient high energy intermediate is usually called a transition state, and will be abbreviated X â¡ (the ââ symbol is typically used to designate the transition state). The extension of thermodynamics to consider rates of reaction is called transition state theory to emphasize the