For example, the social and economic statistics published by accredited sources such as U.S. government departments are indicators. Popular indicators include unemployment rates, housing starts, inflationary indexes and consumer confidence. Official indicators must meet certain set criteria; there are three categories of indicators, classified according to the types of predictions they make. Leading-These types of indicators signal future events.
A conjugate acid, within the BroenstedâBrÃ¸nsted lowryâacid base, theory is a species formed by the reception of a (Proton), h+ by a âbase in other, words the base with a hydrogen ion added to. It on the other, hand a conjugate base is merely what is left after an acid has donated a proton in a chemical. reactione say that the water molecule is the conjugate acid of the hydroxide ion after the latter received the hydrogen proton donated by ammonium. On the other hand, ammonia is the conjugate base for the acid ammonium after ammonium has donated a hydrogen ion towards the production of the water molecule.
- OH-accepted proton, it is a base. - An acid is changed into a base and a base is changed into an acid. - These pairs of acids and bases are called conjugate acid-base pairs. - A conjugate acid-base pair differ from each other only by a proton. WEAK ACIDS AND BASES For weak acids and bases, the concentration of acid (base) is not the concentration of [H + ] ([OH - ]). Weak Acids Dissociated ions are in equilibrium with undissociated molecule.