Doped fiber amplifiers (DFA): Use a doped optical fiber medium for boosting signals in a similar manner to fiber lasers. The signal requiring amplification, along with a pump laser, is multiplexed in a doped fiber medium and intersects with doping ions.
Nationalisation (an alternative spelling is nationalization) is the process of taking a private industry or private assets into public ownership by a national government or state.n this context, the goals of nationalization were to dispossess large capitalists and redirect the profits of industry to the public purse, as a precursor to the long-term goals of establishing worker-management and reorganizing production toward use.
As can be seen, 'Westernisation' has economic, political, and social aspects. 'Modernisation' means, in its broadest sense, the adoption of more modern ways to do things. This may or may not mean the wholesale or partial adoption of Western norms, because the West is at the forefront of invention and optimisation.