Modern SIM cards allow applications to be loaded when the SIM is in use by the subscriber. These applications communicate with the handset or a server using SIM application toolkit, which was initially specified by 3GPP in TS 11.14 (there is an identical ETSI specification with different numbering).
(Redirected from Voltage follower) A buffer amplifier (sometimes simply called a buffer) is one that provides electrical impedance transformation from one circuit to another. Two main types of buffer exist: the voltage buffer and the current buffer.
In breakdown the voltage across the Zener diode is close to constant over a widerange of currents thus making it useful as a shunt voltage regulator. Characteristics Figure 1 shows the current versus voltage curve for a 5.1 volt Zener diode.ener Diode Voltage Regulators 2The forward bias region of a Zener diode is identical to that of a regular diode. In thereverse bias condition the Zener diode is an open circuit and there is only a small leakagecurrent in the microampere range.