Surplus causes disequilibrium in the supply and demand of a product. This imbalance means that the product cannot flow through the market efficiently. However, the cycle of surplus and shortage has a way of balancing itself out.
Environmental scanning is the term used to describe the acquisition and use of information gleaned from sources external to your company. Scanning can be thought of as a form of early-warning radar that lets managers look into the future.
Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning combined with CTA is on the horizon for the detection of heart disease. PET scans are a form of nuclear medicine -- nuclear being the small dose of radioactive material you are injected with before the test (the radiation exposure is similar to that of a standard X-ray). As with CTA, PET involves a doughnut-like scanning device that takes the images.