TPS specifically identified seven types of waste or muda: 1  Waste of overproduction or overburden. 2  Waste of time on hand or waiting period. 3  Waste of transportation and shipping. 4  Waste of processing. 5  Waste of keeping stock in hand. 6  Waste of movement. 7  Waste of making defective products.
A phase, or state of matter, is a domain within a many-body system within which relevant physical properties are uniform. Relevant properties may include chemical composition, stoichiometry, and density, which do not reflect how the components are arranged in space.
Inorganic Chemistry is the study of the properties and reactions of all chemical elements and compounds other than hydrocarbons or their derivatives. Materials Chemistry is an interdisciplinary field involving the properties of solid matter and its applications to various areas of science and engineering.