Chemical stability when used in the technical sense in chemistry, means thermodynamic stability of a chemical system. Thermodynamic stability occurs when a system is in its lowest energy state, or chemical equilibrium with its environment.This may be a dynamic equilibrium, where individual atoms or molecules change form, but their overall number in a particular form is conserved.This type of chemical thermodynamic equilibrium will persist indefinitely unless the system is changed.his may be a dynamic equilibrium, where individual atoms or molecules change form, but their overall number in a particular form is conserved. This type of chemical thermodynamic equilibrium will persist indefinitely unless the system is changed.
Rate base (utility) Rate base is the value of property on which a public utility is permitted to earn a specified rate of return, in accordance with rules set by a regulatory agency. In general, the rate base consists of the value of property as used by the utility in providing service.
In economics, the marginal rate of substitution is the rate at which a consumer is ready to give up one good in exchange for another good while maintaining the same level of utility. At equilibrium consumption levels (assuming no externalities), marginal rates of substitution are identical.or example, if the MRS xy = 2, the consumer will give up 2 units of Y to obtain 1 additional unit of X. As one moves down a (standardly convex) indifference curve, the marginal rate of substitution decreases (as measured by the absolute value of the slope of the indifference curve, which decreases).