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General Pharmacology. Beta-adrenoceptor agonists (Î²-agonists) bind to Î²-receptors on cardiac and smooth muscle tissues. They also have important actions in other tissues, especially bronchial smooth muscle (relaxation), the liver (stimulate glycogenolysis) and kidneys (stimulate renin release). Beta-adrenoceptors normally bind to norepinephrine released by sympathetic adrenergic nerves, and to circulating epinephrine.
NE can also bind to Î± 1-adrenoceptors found on myocytes to produce small increases in inotropy. Circulating catecholamines (epinephrine) released by the adrenal medulla also bind to these same alpha and beta adrenoceptors in the heart. In addition to sympathetic adrenergic nerves, the heart is innervated by parasympathetic cholinergic nerves derived from the vagus nerves.