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Diagram showing field lines and equipotentials around an electron, a negatively charged particle. In an electrically neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons (which are positively charged), resulting in a net zero overall charge. Charge is the fundamental property of forms of matter that exhibit electrostatic attraction or repulsion in the presence of other matter.
Atoms are neutral. This is because the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus = number of protons in the nucleus. The proton and electron carry equal but opposit charge. When an atom loses or gains electrons it is then negatively (gains electrons) or positively (loses electrons) charged.