Introduction - What is Spintronics? Spintronics is Spin based electronics. The idea is to use the electron's spin, as well as it's charge. Electrons can spin in two directions (Spin-Up, Spin-Down, which is actually clockwise and anti-clockwise), and the spin is detectable as weak magnetic energy.
Viral Transduction. Transduction is the insertion of foreign DNA into a cell via a virus (See Reference 1 and 2). Viruses are made of a protein coat that houses DNA within. Viruses can bind to living cells and inject their DNA.Or, viruses can push into the host as a membrane-bound vesicle, before releasing their DNA inside the host. The use of recombinant DNA technology can insert foreign DNA into host cells that are then purposefully infected with viruses.ells have membranes that prevent DNA from simply diffusing in or out. This is the initial barrier that scientists must overcome in order to insert foreign DNA into a cell. The four ways of accomplishing this goal are transduction, transformation, transfection and injection.
The viral DNA may, depending on its insertion point, cause mutations of the host DNA. Most viral DNA insertions do not damage the host, but rather become part of the host genome and can be passed on if they have managed to infect a germ-line cell. From 0.5 to 1.0% of mouse DNA may be of viral origin.ome of the DNA viruses can either initiate an infection (lytic in prokaryotes) cycle or can form proviruses. Simian Virus 40 (SV40) causes cancer in hamsters but not in its normal hosts. SV40 can introduce new functional genes into the host DNA, as can a number of other viruses.