Born was the coral polyp, born was the coral, came forth. The Kumulipo, the Hawaiian creation chant, indicates that the coral is one of the most basic and important life forms. Hawaiians believed that the coral polyp was the first organism created and all other life followed, based on this chant.
Arkhangelsk (Russian: Ð°ÑÑÐ°ÌÐ½Ð³ÐµÐ»ÑÑÐº; IPA: [ÉrËxanÉ¡Ê²ÉªlÊ²sk]), also known in English as Archangel and Archangelsk, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, in the north of European Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina River near its exit into the White Sea.
The settlement of Oskol was founded in 1593 by Russian Tsar Fyodor Ioanovichâs order (Ivanâs the Terrible son) for defending the southern boundaries of Muscovite state. It was named Stary Oskol (meaning Old Oskol) in 1655 when the town Tsaryov-Alexeyev located down the river was renamed into Novy Oskol (New Oskol). Since 1780, the town had its own coat of arms. In 1784, Stary Oskol like most of the towns in Russia was rebuilt according to a new plan signed by Emperor Catherine II.