Introduction - What is Spintronics? Spintronics is Spin based electronics. The idea is to use the electron's spin, as well as it's charge. Electrons can spin in two directions (Spin-Up, Spin-Down, which is actually clockwise and anti-clockwise), and the spin is detectable as weak magnetic energy.
Viral Transduction. Transduction is the insertion of foreign DNA into a cell via a virus (See Reference 1 and 2). Viruses are made of a protein coat that houses DNA within. Viruses can bind to living cells and inject their DNA.Or, viruses can push into the host as a membrane-bound vesicle, before releasing their DNA inside the host. The use of recombinant DNA technology can insert foreign DNA into host cells that are then purposefully infected with viruses.ells have membranes that prevent DNA from simply diffusing in or out. This is the initial barrier that scientists must overcome in order to insert foreign DNA into a cell. The four ways of accomplishing this goal are transduction, transformation, transfection and injection.
DNA Viruses vs RNA Viruses. â¢ The major difference between these two types is that the RNA viruses have RNA in their genome while the DNA viruses have DNA in their genome. Both the DNA and RNA cannot be found in the same virus. â¢ RNA virus first adsorbs to the host cell surface.Then the attached virus fuses with the endosome membrane. Finally as a result of fusion of the viral, nucleocapsid is released into the cytoplasm.Unlike RNA viruses, DNA viruses pass their DNA into the nucleus of the host cell and not into the cytoplasm of the host cell. â¢ DNA polymerase enzyme is used in the replication process of DNA viruses.Since the DNA polymerase has a refining activity, the mutation level is lower in DNA viruses. RNA polymerase is used in RNA replication process of RNA viruses. The major difference between these two types is that the RNA viruses have RNA in their genome while the DNA viruses have DNA in their genome. Both the DNA and RNA cannot be found in the same virus. â¢ RNA virus first adsorbs to the host cell surface. Then the attached virus fuses with the endosome membrane.