Yellow gemstones meaning is enlightening, wisdom, Cheeriness, joy, action, optimism, happiness, idealism, summer, hope, imagination, sunshine, philosophy, youth. The color yellow also symbolizes the sun. For those born in the month of November, Yellow is the color of their birthstones as yellow Topaz and Citrine.
The Cretaceous Period (146-65 million years ago). In the early Cretaceous, many of the southern continents were still joined together as part of the southern landmass called Gondwana.Northern continents formed the great landmass Laurasia. Australia was joined to Antarctica, New Zealand and South America, forming the last remnant of the great southern landmass called Gondwana. 2  About 80 million years ago New Zealand drifted away from the rest of Gondwana. 3  The Australian part of Gondwana was located close to the South Pole.
Gondwana included most of the landmasses in today's Southern Hemisphere, including Antarctica, South America, Africa, Madagascar, and the Australian continent, as well as the Arabian Peninsula and the Indian Subcontinent, which have now moved entirely into the Northern Hemisphere.he continent of Gondwana was named by Austrian scientist Eduard Suess, after the Gondwana region of central northern India (from Sanskrit gondavana forest of the Gonds . The name had been used in a geological context, first by H.B.