BVD is recognised as one of the most economically important endemic diseases of cattle. Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) is caused by the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). The genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae consists of four recognised species: Bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (BVDV-1), Bovine viral diarrhoea type 2 (BVDV-2), Border disease virus (BDV) and Classical swine fever (CSF) virus . Pestiviruses are single stranded positive-sense RNA viruses. Although the natural host for BVDV is cattle, it can also affect sheep and wild animals, including deer and pigs. BVD is recognised as one of the most economically important endemic diseases of cattle.
Often, an electric device, known as an ultrasonic, sonic scaler, or power scaler may be used during scaling and root planing. Ultrasonic scalers vibrate at a frequency to help with removing stain, plaque and calculus. In addition, ultrasonic scalers create tiny air bubbles through a process known as cavitation.
Ultrasonic cleaners are basically vibrating water baths. The motion of the liquid in its tank is created by a high-frequency transducer. The actual cleansing action created by these units is due to the following phenomenon. One is the action of the bath's solution as it's propelled against the denture's surface. (Admittedly, however, even sonic units create this benefit to some degree. See below.) The other is a scrubbing action created by the collapse of tiny bubbles formed by the intense (ultrasonic) agitation of the solution.