Because Europe itself is a peninsula and contains many peninsulas. Apennine Peninsula, Iberian Peninsula, Balkan Peninsula, Crimean Peninsula, Jultand Peninsula, Scandinavian Peninsula, Peninsula of Brittany. A few small ones: Kerch Peninsulaâ¦, Attican Peninsula, Thracian Peninsula, Campanian Peninsula, Peloponnesian Peninsula.
The valve body is the control center of the automatic transmission. It contains a maze of channels and passages that direct hydraulic fluid to the numerous valves which then activate the appropriate clutch pack or band servo to smoothly shift to the appropriate gear for each driving situation. Planetary Gear Sets which are the mechanical systems that provide the various forward gear ratios as well as reverse. 2  The Hydraulic System which uses a special transmission fluid sent under pressure by an Oil Pump through the Valve Body to control the Clutches and the Bands in order to control the planetary gear sets.
The driver must shift from gear to gear. Normally, a manual transmission bolts to a clutch housing (or bell housing) that, in turn, bolts to the back of the engine. If the vehicle has front-wheel drive, the transmission still attaches to the engine in a similar fashion but is usually referred to as a transaxle. This is because the transmission, differential and drive axles are one complete unit. In a front-wheel-drive car, the transmission also serves as part of the front axle for the front wheels. In the remaining text, a transmission and transaxle will both be referred to using the term transmission. The function of any transmission is transferring engine power to the driveshaft and rear wheels (or axle halfshafts and front wheels in a front-wheel-drive vehicle). Gears inside the transmission change the vehicle's drive-wheel speed and torque in relation to engine speed and torque.