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These elements are grouped as austenite-forming, ferrite-forming, carbide-forming and nitride-forming elements. Austenite-forming elements The elements C, Ni and Mn are the most important ones in this group. Sufficiently large amounts of Ni or Mn render a steel austenitic even at room temperature.
Too much martensite leaves steel brittle, too little leaves it soft. PEARLITE. Pearlite is a two-phased, lamellar (or layered) structure composed of alternating layers of alpha-ferritecementite (12%) that occurs in some steels and cast irons. It forms by a eutectoid reaction as austenite is slowly cooled below 727Â°C.