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By Dr Ananya Mandal, MD. Electrolytes are essential substances in the body required for cell function and cell signalling. In the human body, the main electrolytes are: 1  Sodium (Na+). 2  Potassium (K+). 3  Calcium (Ca2+). 4  Magnesium (Mg2+). 5  Chloride (Clâ). 6  Hydrogen phosphate (HPO42â). 7  Hydrogen carbonate (HCO3â).
Electrolytes are minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge. Electrolytes affect the amount of water in your body, the acidity of your blood (pH), your muscle function, and other important processes. You lose electrolytes when you sweat.