Astaxanthin is a carotenoid, a natural pigment found in certain types of plants and bacteria. It is used both as a human nutritional supplement and as an additive in the food of certain livestock. As a nutritional supplement, there are no known side effects. It usually comes in pills of 2 to 4 milligrams each.
A. Vanguard has arranged a program fee of 0.40% for the first $100,000, 0.30% for the next. $150,000, 0.20% for the next $250,000 and the annual program fee for any additional assets. is 0.10%.
Funds roll management fees, administrative costs, and marketing expenses into one package, which is expressed as the expense ratioâand that's the fee you pay annually as a shareholder. When comparing expense ratios, it helps to know what the typical fees are in a given asset class. The median annual fee for a no-load, large-cap fund is 0.95 percent, while the median for small-cap funds is 1.20 percent and for international stock funds, 1.23 percent, according to Morningstar.