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By Dr Ananya Mandal, MD. Electrolytes are essential substances in the body required for cell function and cell signalling. In the human body, the main electrolytes are: 1  Sodium (Na+). 2  Potassium (K+). 3  Calcium (Ca2+). 4  Magnesium (Mg2+). 5  Chloride (Clâ). 6  Hydrogen phosphate (HPO42â). 7  Hydrogen carbonate (HCO3â).
Key Electrolytes in the Body. Body fluids (water) contain electrolytes. Electrolytes are salts of various types each of which play a critical role in physiology (function) and in athletic performance. The best known salt is so called table salt which is usually sodium chloride (NaCl).