The DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection.
Examples for negative production externalities include: 1  Air pollution from burning fossil fuels. 2  This activity causes damages to crops, (historic) buildings and public health. 3  Anthropogenic climate change as a consequence of greenhouse gas emissions from burning oil, gas, and coal.
However, the externality also increases the aggregate cost to the economy and society, making it a negative externality. Externalities are negative when the social costs outweigh the private costs. Some externalities are positive. Positive externalities occur when there is a positive gain on both the private level and social level.