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By Dr Ananya Mandal, MD. Electrolytes are essential substances in the body required for cell function and cell signalling. In the human body, the main electrolytes are: 1  Sodium (Na+). 2  Potassium (K+). 3  Calcium (Ca2+). 4  Magnesium (Mg2+). 5  Chloride (Clâ). 6  Hydrogen phosphate (HPO42â). 7  Hydrogen carbonate (HCO3â).
Balance the amount of water in your body; Balance your body's acid/base (pH) level; Move nutrients into your cells; Move wastes out of your cells; Make sure that your nerves, muscles, the heart, and the brain work the way they should; Sodium, calcium, potassium, chlorine, phosphate, and magnesium are all electrolytes.