Chemical structure of lipid A as found in E. coli. Lipid A is a lipid component of an endotoxin held responsible for the toxicity of gram-negative bacteria. It is the innermost of the three regions of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also called endotoxin molecule, and its hydrophobic nature allows it to anchor the LPS to the outer membrane.
watermark - Computer Definition. 1  A translucent mark or image in paper produced by pressing the paper in a mold or on a processing roll during the manufacturing process. The watermark is visible when the paper is held to a light. A watermark is used as a sign of authenticity in order to make the counterfeiting of currency and postage stamps more difficult, for example.
A benchmark is a point of reference for a measurement. The term 'benchmark' presumably originates from the practice of making dimensional height measurements of an object on a workbench using a gradual scale or similar tool, and using the surface of the workbench as the origin for the measurements. 2. Benchmarking Definitions Benchmarking is the process of measuring an organization's internal processes then identifying, understanding, and adapting outstanding practices from other organizations considered to be best-in-class. However, there are several generic definitions of benchmarking that provide varying insight.