Astaxanthin is a carotenoid, a natural pigment found in certain types of plants and bacteria. It is used both as a human nutritional supplement and as an additive in the food of certain livestock. As a nutritional supplement, there are no known side effects. It usually comes in pills of 2 to 4 milligrams each.
A. Vanguard has arranged a program fee of 0.40% for the first $100,000, 0.30% for the next. $150,000, 0.20% for the next $250,000 and the annual program fee for any additional assets. is 0.10%.
Vanguard reports lower expense ratios for 40 ETFs. Vanguard has a long history of lowering the cost of investing for its clients. The reason: Vanguard is owned by its funds, which, in turn, are collectively owned by the fund shareholders.anguard reports lower expense ratios for 40 ETFs. Vanguard has a long history of lowering the cost of investing for its clients. The reason: Vanguard is owned by its funds, which, in turn, are collectively owned by the fund shareholders.