G. An explanation of the Genetic Code: DNA is a two-stranded molecule. Each strand is a polynucleotide composed of A (adenosine), T (thymidine), C (cytidine), and G (guanosine) residues polymerized by dehydration synthesis in linear chains with specific sequences.
Note: There are more than two types of epinephrine receptors on smooth muscle cells, so epinephrine may affect smooth muscle in other tissues in other ways. (There are subtypes of alpha and subtypes of beta.) * Details of how PLC generates IP3 are on handout 12A. We will go over this later.
This is usually due to a mildly elevated heart rate and increased force of each heartbeat. These are normal responses of the heart when exposed to epinephrine, but they can lead to uncomfortable symptoms. With normal heart responses the symptoms typically improve when the body levels of caffeine diminish.