souleles also notes that while today s oil and gasoline prices are high in nominal terms they are in real terms close to or even below their 1980s peak a dollar isn t worth as much today as it was 20 years ago he says oil prices have not risen as much as people think in real termsraditionally we think of an opec supply side shock where prices go up because supply is restricted but there s a large demand component today the u s and china have increased their demand for oil and that has bid up the price
Quick Answer. Negative reinforcement is a concept in psychology's theory of operant conditioning that suggests a behavior is strengthened when a negative outcome is stopped, removed, avoided or prevented. Negative reinforcement is an effective method of strengthening a desired behavior.
Because how and when a reinforcement is given can change the response, there are also a variety of schedules of reinforcement that can be used to strengthen a behavior. The word schedule refers to the timing of the reinforcement.Below you will read about the four most commonly used schedules of reinforcement.ikewise, negative reinforcement also strengthens a behavior, but it does so by removing something that is unwanted. For instance, when you get into your car and put the key in the ignition, you might hear a loud bell or ringing sound.