BVD is recognised as one of the most economically important endemic diseases of cattle. Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) is caused by the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). The genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae consists of four recognised species: Bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (BVDV-1), Bovine viral diarrhoea type 2 (BVDV-2), Border disease virus (BDV) and Classical swine fever (CSF) virus . Pestiviruses are single stranded positive-sense RNA viruses. Although the natural host for BVDV is cattle, it can also affect sheep and wild animals, including deer and pigs. BVD is recognised as one of the most economically important endemic diseases of cattle.
Often, an electric device, known as an ultrasonic, sonic scaler, or power scaler may be used during scaling and root planing. Ultrasonic scalers vibrate at a frequency to help with removing stain, plaque and calculus. In addition, ultrasonic scalers create tiny air bubbles through a process known as cavitation.
Ultrasonic pest repellers are electronic devices that emit high-frequency sounds designed to repel, injure or kill household pests, such as rodents and insects. Whether they're actually effective at doing so has been disputed by testing labs and the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC).ltrasonic devices are popular and appealing to consumers because of their ease of use and the fact that they are silent to human ears and allegedly eliminate the need for traps and poison, which are thought by some to be inhumane forms of pest control.