The royal jelly had no effect on the leukemia cells, but it had dramatic effects on sarcoma cells. Royal jelly, however, has not lived up to expectations that it is an important anti-aging substance. But it is not without medical interest. Royal jelly consists of an emulsion of proteins, sugars, lipids and some other substances in a water base. Proteins make up about 13% of royal jelly. Most of the proteins comprise a family called major royal jelly proteins.
Cells were first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1663.
The oldest rocks with evidence of fossil cells date to 3.5 billion years. The oldest rocks with cells large and complex enough to be eukaryotic date to 1.0 billion years. For 2.5 billion years only prokaryotic cells existed on earth. The best hypothesis for the origin of eukaryotic cells was proposed by Lynn Margulis in the early 1970s.