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The vertebral and basilar arteries supply blood to several structures in the brain including: the occipital cortex, the brainstem consisting of the midbrain, pons and medulla, the cerebellum and the thalamus. Atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries is the primary cause of vertebrobasilar disease. The narrowing of the vertebral or basilar arteries caused by atherosclerosis creates vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI), or an insufficient delivery of blood flow to the posterior structures of the brain.
The main artery of the body is called the aorta. It supplies blood to all parts of the body with the exception of the lungs. The aorta ascends from the heart and forms an arch, from which arise two subclavian arteries.Each subclavian has two main branches, the common carotid and the vertebral.he main artery of the body is called the aorta. It supplies blood to all parts of the body with the exception of the lungs. The aorta ascends from the heart and forms an arch, from which arise two subclavian arteries.