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One such cause of GERD is a hiatal (or hiatus) hernia. This is an anatomical abnormality where a hole in the diaphragm allows the upper part of the stomach to enter the chest cavity, sometimes leading to GERD. Pregnancy is also sometimes a cause of acid reflux due to extra pressure being placed on the internal organs.
Diet and nutrition for GERD. Acid reflux occurs when there is acid backflow from the stomach into the esophagus. This happens when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is weakened or damaged. Normally the LES should close to prevent food in the stomach from moving up into the esophagus.