From this graph, Fujita then released the following descriptions for the F-Scale http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/f-scale.html. Over the years, the F-Scale has revealed the following weaknesses: 1  It is subjective based solely on the. 2  caused by a tornado.
9 Answers. The empty weight is the weight of the airplane including anything that is permanently attached to it and includes any un-drainable fluids. There is a maximum gross weight for takeoff and on larger aircraft there may be a maximum landing weight. The useful load is the difference between the maximum gross weight and the empty weight. To the empty weight, you have to add the fuel, oil, any other fluids, pilot and passengers, and baggage.
CG limits are based on a given weight. Chord:an imaginary line representing a straight-line distance from the leading edge to the trailing edge of an airfoil. Standard Empty Weight: the weight of an aircraft empty but including unusable fuel, full operating fluids and full engine oil. Basic Empty Weight: the standard empty weight of the airplane plus optional equipment installed. Maximum Landing Weight: maximum aircraft weight approved for landing.