The pineal gland, also known as the pineal body, conarium or epiphysis cerebri, is a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain.early all vertebrate species possess a pineal gland. The most important exception is the hagfish, which is often thought of as the most primitive extant vertebrate. Even in the hagfish, however, there may be a pineal equivalent structure in the dorsal diencephalon.
Answers from Edward R. Laskowski, M.D. Most avulsion fractures heal very well without surgical intervention. An avulsion fracture occurs when a small chunk of bone attached to a tendon or ligament gets pulled away from the main part of the bone. The hip, elbow and ankle are the most common locations for avulsion fractures in the young athlete. Treatment typically includes resting and icing the affected area, followed by controlled exercises that help restore range of motion, improve muscle strength and promote bone healing.
1 Oblique fracture-A fracture that is diagonal to a bone's long axis. 2  Pathological fracture-when an underlying disease or condition has already weakened the bone, resulting in a fracture (bone fracture caused by an underlying disease/condition that weakened the bone). Avulsion fracture-a muscle or ligament pulls on the bone, fracturing it. 2  Comminuted fracture-the bone is shattered into many pieces. 3  Compression (crush) fracture-generally occurs in the spongy bone in the spine. 4  For example, the front portion of a vertebra in the spine may collapse due to osteoporosis.