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DNA-gyrase-catalyzed supercoiling. Replicating DNA generates âpositiveâ supercoils, depicted at the bottom of the diagram, as a result of rapid rotation of the DNA at the replication fork. DNA gyrase can nick and close phosphodiester bonds,
The DNA gyrase of E. coli facilitates the initiation step by its negative supercoiling of DNA that could promotes the unpairing of the strands before a helicase (4). Gyrase hydrolyzes ATP to ADP and Pi in the presence of DNA (4). This reaction is highly specific for ATP (4). Gyrase also relaxes negative supercoils in the absence of ATP but cannot relax positive supercoils (4). Mechanism of supercoiling is as follows (4).