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O. volvulus is transmitted by sandflies, and their role in the transmission of onchocerciasis was discovered by the Scottish parasitologist Breadablane Blacklock in Sierra Leone in the mid-1920s (19). There are accounts of the history of onchocerciasis by Grove (105) and Muller (192).
In 1951, his expertise in these techniques led to his discovery of Auricular therapy, then ten years later he developed Auricular medicine. The results of Paul Nogier's work are now well known, and are taught and used in Europe, the United States and even in China, the birth place of acupuncture.