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O. volvulus is transmitted by sandflies, and their role in the transmission of onchocerciasis was discovered by the Scottish parasitologist Breadablane Blacklock in Sierra Leone in the mid-1920s (19). There are accounts of the history of onchocerciasis by Grove (105) and Muller (192).
BSE (known more commonly Mad Cow Disease) was discovered in the mid 1980s in the United Kingdom. The first US case was reported on 12/23/03 in Washington state. The purpose of this FAQ is to educate about the disease causative agent, how the disease is transmitted, and potential human concerns.