When I do give in & shorten a pair, I leave enough fabric to turn under twice. At the seams, I trim out the seam allowance where it will be turned under on the first turn. I treat the cut edge that will be at the top edge of the hem with a good soaking of FrayChek. I use thread for jeans & hem from the outside.
Goat's milk does contain lactose and it has almost as much as cow's milk. Cheeses made from both cow's milk and goat's milk will have a reduction in the amount of lactose due to the fermentation process. For this reason many people who are lactose intolerant are able to eat cheeses.
Yes, you can add a little lemon juice or vinegar to the goat's milk to make it into a buttermilk or kefir. This will lower the pH of the milk, and allow it to release the CO2 stored in the sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), causing the bread to rise. Goat's milk generally has less fat and more vitamins.