According to Wikipedia, the width of the Atlantic Ocean at its narrowest point is 2,848 kilometers (1,770 mi) between Brazil and Sierra Leone.
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a heart condition caused by the failure of the ductus arteriosus to close.The ductus arteriosus normally is a temporary blood vessel connecting the main vessel leading to the lungs (pulmonary artery) to the main vessel of the body (aorta).If the vessel remains open after birth, it is called a patent ductus arteriosus or PDA. PDA occurs in about 10 percent of newborns.f it doesnât close, the baby has the defect known as patent (open) ductus arteriosus. This defect occurs especially in premature babies who have had respiratory distress syndrome (difficult breathing) due to immature lungs. The cause of PDA is unknown.
Non-communicating, or obstructive, hydrocephalus is caused when there is an obstruction in the flow of CSF within the ventricular system of the brain. Hydrocephalus is often associated with Dandy-Walker syndrome, neural tube defects, and spinal bifida.ydrocephalus is considered congenital when its origin can be traced to a birth defect or brain malformation that causes an increased resistance to the drainage of CSF. A variety of factors can cause congenital hydrocephalus.