The first thorough examination of President John F. Kennedy's medical records, conducted by an independent presidential historian with a medical consultant, has found that Kennedy suffered from more ailments, was in far greater pain and was taking many more medications than the public knew at the time or biographers have since described.
third party verification (TPV) A process where an independent party is asked to confirm whether the client's information is accurate or to validate their intent. This is often used in transactions done online or through phone where the client cannot deliver a written copy of the information needed.
Definition of net present value NPV. One way of calculating the potential return from an investment. This is basically the current value of the investment plus the present value of future cash flows, minus the initial cost of the investment plus the present value of any future costs. Present value is calculated by applying an appropriate discount rate to the expected future returns and costs.