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Effects of Training on Athletes. Sports physiology is the study of the long-and short-term effects of training and conditions on athletes. This specialized field of study goes hand in hand with human anatomy. Anatomy is about structure, where physiology is about function.
As a psychology subspecialty, sports psychology seeks to study, understand and improve the psychological factors involved in helping athletes achieve optimal performance. Even when athletes may have the physical skills to perform well on the field, there are multiple factors that may impact their performance.