A German ligature that originally stood for 'sz', but can be transliterated as 'ss'. It is never found in Swiss German. It looks like a B, but sounds like an S. Compare to the boring language known as English, which only has the ligatures Ã and Å, which are rarely used.
The only other flour used in traditional pumpernickel is wheat flour, which is used as an ingredient in the sourdough starter, a pre-fermented flour, water and yeast mixture that combines with the rye flour to hold the bread together.
Durum wheat is a tough golden grain and the semolina flour derived from this grain is hard and granular, with a consistency similar to that of sugar. Semolina flour is not a good choice for general bread baking, but is occasionally used in specialty breads. More commonly, semolina flour is used to produce couscous dishes or pasta products, including macaroni, spaghetti, vermicelli and lasagna noodles.