However, the effect that global warming will cause on earth are extremely serious. There are many effects that will happen in the future if global warming continues. That includes polar ice caps melting, economic consequences, warmer waters and more hurricanes, spread of diseases and earthquake.
Term RMS refers to the mathematical Root Mean Square which is an average of peaks and valleys of a materials surface profile. Ra stands for roughness average. Ra is a average of only peaks; therefore, to get an Ra, multiple your 3.2 to 6.3 by 2 to get 6.4 to 12.4 Ra. AF Kenton.
V(rms)=sqrt(P(avg)/R) The true RMS voltage is measured using the following method. P(avg) is the average power dissipated in a resistor R when a RMS voltage V(rms) is applied. The power is measured by a thermistor and the scale of the meter is calibrated as a ratio of temperature to resistance.This is true for any waveform and frequencies. Note that most meters you use are not true RMS meters.f it is not you will get false results from them if the load on a circuit is reactive such as a motor or if the wave shape is not a pure sine wave. True RMS instruments can correctly resolve various phase relationships and wave shapes to give you a true RMS reading of voltage and current.