Health risks of shipping pollution have been 'underestimated'. 1  One giant container ship can emit almost the same amount of cancer and asthma-causing chemicals as 50m cars, study finds. â¢ Climate change threatens 50 years of progress in global health, study says. This article is 8 years old.
See also: List of topics characterized as pseudoscience. Pseudoscience is a claim, belief or practice which is incorrectly presented as scientific, but does not adhere to a valid scientific method, cannot be reliably tested, or otherwise lacks scientific status. field, practice, or body of knowledge can reasonably be called pseudoscientific when it is presented as consistent with the norms of scientific research, but it demonstrably fails to meet these norms.
In philosophy, supervenience is an ontological relation that is used to describe cases where (roughly speaking) the upper-level properties of a system are determined by its lower level properties.