1 Face value is the money amount the bond will be worth at its maturity, and is also the reference amount the bond issuer uses when calculating interest payments.  Coupon rate is the rate of interest the bond issuer will pay on the face value of the bond, expressed as a percentage.
The modern atomic theory traces back to ancient Greece where philosophers theorized that matter could be divided down until it reached a single, indivisible part. In the 19th century, this concept was brought into mainstream thought as physicists and chemists began to find more evidence for the existence of the atom.
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists was founded in 1945 by scientists who created the atomic bomb as part of the Manhattan Project and wanted to raise awareness about the dangers of nuclear technology. The Doomsday Clock first appeared on a cover of the magazine in 1947, with its hands set at 11:53 p.m.