Definition. A Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene. A Mutagen is an agent of substance that can bring about a permanent alteration to the physical composition of a DNA gene such that the genetic message is changed. Once the gene has been damaged or changed the mRNA transcribed from that gene will now carry an altered message.
Typical orthodontic treatment comprises of metal braces on both arches for 24 months. For example, typical cost of braces is about $5000 in the United States, ranging from around $3000 in rural areas to as much as $6500 or more in major cities, much more than in other countries.
1 Most orthodontists do not install lingual braces. 2  Expect to pay $3,000 -$8,000 or an average of $5,000 for Damon braces, an alternative teeth straightening system that uses a series of computer-fabricated clear plastic aligner trays that cover the teeth; the patient switches to a new tray about every two weeks.he retainer can be a separate cost of a few hundred dollars, depending on the orthodontist. The plan is a lifesaver! $19.95 per month and it saves everyone in the household up to 80% off dental/vision/RX and Chiropractic care. It does NOT cover braces already in progress.