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Effects of Training on Athletes. Sports physiology is the study of the long-and short-term effects of training and conditions on athletes. This specialized field of study goes hand in hand with human anatomy. Anatomy is about structure, where physiology is about function.
Physiology is the study of how organisms function. The physi-part of the word comes from a Greek word that is broadly translated as 'natural origin.' The same root is used to form the words physician, physical, and physics. When we think of physics today we think of the study of how matter and energy work, but another way to think about physics is as a study of how nature functions. In that sense, physiology is also a study of how nature functions - in this case, within a living organism.