Movement Across a Membrane and Energy. There are two major ways that molecules can be moved across a membrane, and the distinction has to do with whether or not cell energy is used. Passive mechanisms like diffusion use no energy, while active transport requires energy to get done.
Citizenship, Immigration and the Constitution. The 14th Amendmentâs Citizenship Clause is one of the Constitutionâs most important and underappreciated provisions. The clause grants full United States citizenship to anyone born on American soil (with a narrow exception for children of foreign diplomats) or naturalized by the federal government.
The U.S. Constitution specifies how the government is run and how power is distributed. It also specifies what rights and privileges citizens have, which includes -- but is not limited to -- voting rights. Six amendments to the Constitution deal with voting, and they all reflect the era in which they were passed. The 12th Amendment, ratified in 1804, specifies how the president and vice president are elected.