A census is a count and description of the population, taken by the government, arranged by locality and by household. Read more about Scotland Census Records. Click here for a list of the Family History Library microfilm numbers for the census records of Ruthwell. Below is information for any known surname indexes:
The concept of the electric field was first introduced by 19th century physicist Michael Faraday. It was Faraday's perception that the pattern of lines characterizing the electric field represents an invisible reality.
Electric potential is actually defined as the NEGATIVE potential function of electric field (not the vector calculus potential function, but its negative), as is any concept of potential in physics, in order that we can think of it as a form of energy. This means that electric field is the negative gradient of electric potential. If you've never heard of the term gradient, all it means is a vector of derivatives of a scalar function of space, each component of which is a derivative of this function relative to the respective direction in the coordinate system.