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The vertebral and basilar arteries supply blood to several structures in the brain including: the occipital cortex, the brainstem consisting of the midbrain, pons and medulla, the cerebellum and the thalamus. Atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries is the primary cause of vertebrobasilar disease. The narrowing of the vertebral or basilar arteries caused by atherosclerosis creates vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI), or an insufficient delivery of blood flow to the posterior structures of the brain.
Many major arteries branch from the abdominal aorta to provide blood flow to the vital organs of the abdomen. Its visceral branches provide blood to organs, while its parietal branches supply blood to the tissues of the abdominal body wall. The celiac trunk is a visceral artery that splits from the abdominal aorta below the inferior phrenic artery. 2  It branches almost immediately into the left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries. 3  These arteries provide blood to the stomach, spleen, and liver.