See the map of New York. Wikipedia article: New York. Find out the distance between New York and other cities. Find out the distance between New York and the North Pole, the South Pole, the Equator, the Tropic of Cancer, the Tropic of Capricorn, the Arctic Circle, the Antarctic Circle.
The outer layers begin to expand, cool and shine less brightly. The expanding star is now called a Red Giant. The star expands to a Red Giant, below. Stage 8 - The helium core runs out, and the outer layers drift of away from the core as a gaseous shell, this gas that surrounds the core is called a Planetary Nebula.A Planetary Nebula. (Below, NGC 6543).he outer layers begin to expand, cool and shine less brightly. The expanding star is now called a Red Giant. The star expands to a Red Giant, below. Stage 8 - The helium core runs out, and the outer layers drift of away from the core as a gaseous shell, this gas that surrounds the core is called a Planetary Nebula.
Another effect that can reveal the presence of a planet around another star is the bending of light from background stars by the gravitational field of an intervening star. If the intervening star has an orbiting planet it may alter the gravitational lensing effect in a noticeable way (microlensing). thorough understanding of exoplanets will tell us much about how our solar system formed, why it has small, rocky planets near the Sun, why it has gas giant planets far from the Sun, why the Earth has the conditions and chemicals that can support life, and why conditions on other planets are hostile to life.