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When Earth and Mars are furthest apart. On the opposite end of the scale, Mars and Earth can be 401 million km apart (249 million miles) when they are in opposition and both are at aphelion. The average distance between the two is 225 million km. When Mars is Close, Youâre Go For Launch. Mars and Earth reach this closest point to one another approximately every two years. And this is the perfect time to launch a mission to the Red Planet.
This article is part of the NASA Knows! (Grades 5-8) series. Mars is the fourth planet from the sun and the next planet beyond Earth. It is, on average, more than 142 million miles from the sun. Mars is about one-sixth the size of Earth. Mars is known as the Red Planet. It gets its red color from the iron oxide (like rust) in its soil.