Despite ups and downs from year to year, global average surface temperature is rising. By the beginning of the 21st century, Earthâs temperature was roughly 0.5 degrees Celsius above the long-term (1951â1980) average. (NASA figure adapted from Goddard Institute for Space Studies Surface Temperature Analysis. ).
H.R. 2292 (Markey) would require the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) to provide a regulatory definition of HFT in the derivatives markets that the agency oversees. It would also require such high-frequency traders in derivatives to register with the CFTC, submit semiannual reports to the agency, and conform to business conduct
CFTC's mandate was renewed and expanded in December 2000 when Congress passed the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000, which instructed the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the CFTC to develop a joint regulatory regime for single-stock futures, the products of which began trading in November 2002.