This question can likely be answered using the formula E=hc/w where w is wavelength, h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, and E is energy in Joules. 5 electrons are emitted when calcium is flashed with light of wavelength 340 nm and intensity of 50 percent.
Remove the hog-rings as you roll the cover up over the seat. If your seat has a hard back, there will be a series of screws along the bottom that hold the bottom of the hard back to the seat. Unscrew these, and then pull open the hard back slightly to determine if the hardback needs to be slid up or down to be removed.
Use something slippery. Plenty of skin-safe household items can be used as lubricants to get the ring off in one piece and with minimal damage to skin. Ammonia-based cleaners such as Windex often work best. If the skin is broken or cut, choose your lubricant wisely. If you must cut the ring off yourself, here's how. 2  Try to get a Popsicle stick or some toothpicks between the ring and the skin to protect the finger. 3  Slowly and carefully use a needle file to cut a groove through the ring.