For other uses, see Airplane (disambiguation) and Aeroplane (disambiguation). An airplane or aeroplane (informally plane) is a powered, fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine or propeller. Airplanes come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and wing configurations.
The cramps commonly occur on hands, feet and the legs. During dialysis, there are several possible causes of muscle cramps. Low blood volume, or hypotension is one of the main reasons. This happens when a large amount of fluid are discharged out of the body during dialysis treatment. Drinking too much fluid between two dialysis treatments is the most common cause.
Apart from hemolysis induced anemia in dialysis, anemia can also be caused by other causes.As kidneys are impaired significantly in ESRD,high levels of toxins and waste products will build up in bloodstream.These toxins and waste products can shorten the life span of red blood cells, resulting in anemia.