Time lines are used to help visualize what is happening in time value of money problems. Cash flows are placed directly below the tick marks, and interest rates are shown directly above the time line; unknown cash flows are indicated by a symbol for the particular item that is missing.
This page explains how you can apply a patch file. Patch is a standard format, and there are many options for how to apply one. Pick the one that is easiest for you. Perhaps most critical is the usage of the -p flag, which tells patch about the relationship between the directory where the patch file is located and the files that will be patched.
What is a PAC file? PAC stands for Proxy Auto Configuration. Files with the .pac extension are configuration files that are used by a variety of Web browsers. These files allow the browser to choose the proper proxy server. The PAC files contain JavaScript functions that define the rules used to choose a proxy server for a specific URL.