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A pheochromocytoma is an adrenal gland tumor that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine hormones. These hormones are responsible for regulating heart rate and blood pressure, among other functions. Pheochromocytomas occur most frequently in young to middle-aged adults between the ages of 30 and 60. Ten percent of individuals affected are children who usually develop symptoms between the ages of 6 and 14.
Perform initial workup of pheochromocytoma using the history, physical examination, laboratory, and diagnostic test findings. The cornerstone of pheochromocytoma diagnosis is the measurement of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and their catabolic products in the urine. Increasing evidence supports the measurement of metanephrines, in either plasma or urine, for detection of pheochromocytomas.