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Altogether 786 isolates from time interval 2008-2010 were grouped into 90 PCR ribotypes and eleven of them were shared among all host types and the environment. Ribotypes that were most common in humans were also present in water and different animals (014/020, 002, 029). Interestingly, non-toxigenic isolates were very common in the environment (30.8%) in comparison to humans (6.5%) and animals (7.7%). A high degree of similarity was observed for human and animal isolates with PFGE.
a shutting out or elimination; surgical isolation of a part, as of a segment of intestine, without removal from the body. competitive exclusion (CE). a term used to describe the protective effect of the natural or native bacterial flora of the intestine in limiting the colonization of some bacterial pathogens. Competitive exclusion products are also called probiotics, direct-fed microbials or CE cultures. exclusion principle. it is possible to prove from a parentage test that a particular animal is not the true parent but it is impossible to prove that a particular animal is a parent. 1  Facebook.