Part II dives into the legislative histories of the 1866 Civil Rights Act and the Fourteenth Amendment. The 39th Congress understood itself as having the power to define the privileges and immunities of national citizenship, which in the Civil Rights Act included benefits typically regarded as nonfederal.
The study of seismic waves is known as seismology, a word derived from a Greek word meaning to shake.. Seismographs are the instruments which record earthquakes. Scientists use these instruments as their principal tool to study seismic waves. They are very sensitive instruments that can detect, measure and record ground vibrations and their intensities during an earthquake. A seismograph is a simple pendulum.
Volcanologists also use a device called a spectrometer to measure how the gases being emitted by the volcano affect the light. Based on the light above a gas vent, they can tell if the volcano is emitting hydrogen sulfide or carbon and sulfur.he most basic tool used by any volcanologist is a simple rock hammer, used for breaking off samples of igneous rock for laboratory analysis. Other samples are collected from the volcano's core using a drill.