To compute an interquartile range using this definition, first remove observations from the lower quartile. Then, remove observations from the upper quartile. Then, from the remaining observations, compute the difference between the largest and smallest values.
Know the meaning of the carrying value. The carrying value is a calculation performed by the bond issuer, or the company that sold the bond, in order to accurately record the value of the bond discount or premium on financial statements. The discount or premium is amortized, or spread out, over the term of the bond.
Net present value. In finance, the net present value (NPV) or net present worth (NPW) is a measurement of the profitability of an undertaking that is calculated by subtracting the present values (PV) of cash outflows (including initial cost) from the present values of cash inflows over a period of time.