To compute an interquartile range using this definition, first remove observations from the lower quartile. Then, remove observations from the upper quartile. Then, from the remaining observations, compute the difference between the largest and smallest values.
Know the meaning of the carrying value. The carrying value is a calculation performed by the bond issuer, or the company that sold the bond, in order to accurately record the value of the bond discount or premium on financial statements. The discount or premium is amortized, or spread out, over the term of the bond.
Abstract. The financial concept of value-at-risk (VaR) plays an integral role in modern financial risk management. VaR is used by many large financial institutions to measure the riskiness of their holdings and determine safe levels of capital to hold.This paper will explore the mathematics behind this fundamental concept.bstract. The financial concept of value-at-risk (VaR) plays an integral role in modern financial risk management. VaR is used by many large financial institutions to measure the riskiness of their holdings and determine safe levels of capital to hold.