Of the medical specialties that perform plastic surgery, board certification by the American Board of Plastic Surgery requires the most surgical training: a minimum of five years. This Board was established in 1937.
Blood doping is the practice of boosting the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream in order to enhance athletic performance. Because such blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, a higher concentration in the blood can improve an athleteâs aerobic capacity (VO 2 max) and endurance.
Athletes use synthetic oxygen carriers to achieve the same performance-enhancing effects of other types of blood doping: increased oxygen in the blood that helps fuel muscles. 1  1.2  2.thletes use synthetic oxygen carriers to achieve the same performance-enhancing effects of other types of blood doping: increased oxygen in the blood that helps fuel muscles. 1  1. 2  2.