Practice the following: Assume the entity is using U.S. GAAP, accrual-basis accounting. For each of the following independent situations, determine the effect of that transaction on: net income; cash; total assets; total liabilities. Complete the primer exercise by filling in the chart, showing in each area either I (increase), D (decrease), or NE (no effect). Do not leave any area blank!
surrogate variable. surrogate variable. A variable in a clinical trial that provides an indirect measure of efficacy in situations where direct measure of a clinical effect is not possible or practical.
The outcome variable is also called the response or dependent variable and the risk factors and confounders are called the predictors, or explanatory or independent variables. In regression analysis, the dependent variable is denoted  y and the independent variables are denoted by  x . [ NOTE: The term predictor can be misleading if it is interpreted as the ability to predict even beyond the limits of the data.