For other uses, see Airplane (disambiguation) and Aeroplane (disambiguation). An airplane or aeroplane (informally plane) is a powered, fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine or propeller. Airplanes come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and wing configurations.
The cramps commonly occur on hands, feet and the legs. During dialysis, there are several possible causes of muscle cramps. Low blood volume, or hypotension is one of the main reasons. This happens when a large amount of fluid are discharged out of the body during dialysis treatment. Drinking too much fluid between two dialysis treatments is the most common cause.
Malnutrition is not uncommon in dialysis patients and the causes are numerous. The dialysis procedure itself results in losses of nutrients into dialysate and, independent of these losses of nutrients, appears to result in an increase in catabolism during hemodialysis (4,5,6).