Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading. Pathology. The cervical spine is susceptible to injury because it is highly mobile with relatively small vertebral bodies and supports the head which is both heavy and acts as a lever.
The inactive molecule pepsinogen is cleaved in a strongly acidic environment to give off the active enzyme, pepsin. Pepsinogen is produced in the stomach by chief cells.
Pepsin is the active form of pepsinogen that hydrolyzes proteins during the digestion process. To form pepsin from pepsinogen, it is necessary to have either an acidic environment (pH< ~5) or presence of previously formed pepsin. Pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme that splits protein into proteoses, peptones, and polypeptides.