Maps, compasses, astrolabes, and calipers are among the early tools used by ocean navigators. In the modern era, these tools have been largely replaced by electronic and technological equivalents. Despite these early beginnings, it would take many centuries before global navigation at sea became possible.
Harmful Effects of Radon. 1  Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer (diagram to the right) and a serious public health concern. 2  The primary adverse health effect associated with chronic exposure to radon is lung cancer (typically bronchogenic): -squamous cell carcinoma.
Radon causes about 21,000 lung cancer deaths each year in the U.S. It is the second leading cause of lung cancer, after tobacco smoking. 1 People who smoke have an even higher risk of lung cancer from radon exposure than people who don't smoke.