Energy required to remove an electron from an atom. From a neutral atom (first electron removed) -> first ionization energy. The second electron from the same atom -> second ionization energy. Always much greater than the first since the effective nuclear charge on the other electrons is now greater. PT: increases left -> right and bottom -> top.
1 Although there are still a few low-cost areas where electricians work for $30-$50 an hour, typically they charge $50-$100 an hour or more depending on local rates and their qualifications. 2  Some electricians quote a flat fee per job rather than an hourly rate, depending on the scope and type of work to be performed. There may also be a minimum $50-$150 service charge to come to the house and evaluate the problem. 2  Total cost for hiring an electrician will depend on the type of work done.
Average Charges. Professional electricians may actually charge anywhere from $40 to $100 an hour, depending on the job and the skill level of the person performing it. For instance, a licensed journeyman averaged a $54.39 per hour charge for residential work as of 2012, according to the Top Electricians website.If an apprentice electrician is sent to perform a simpler job, the charge may be lower, with an average of $39.79 an hour.ccording to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the mean annual wage for an electrician was $52,910 as of May 2011. This worked out to $25.44 an hour, and the best paid -- or busiest -- electricians could earn the equivalent of $39.75 an hour or more if they were in the top 10 percent of earners.