Calculate the reflectance for specific conditions. For example, say that a polished gold surface subjected to direct radiation with a wavelength of 480 nanometers reflects about 60 percent of that radiation. In this case, the reflectance would be q(y) = (Gr(y)/Gi(y))^2 = .6^2 = .36, or about 36 percent.
axial skeleton - the part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column and sternum and ribs. breastbone, sternum - the flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs. skull - the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates.
The human skeleton consists of 206 bones and is divided into two parts: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton consists of the bones found around the axis (the imaginary midline of the body) and includes the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs.The appendicular skeleton refers to the bones associated with the appendages and includes the bones in the arms, shoulders, legs, and hips (figure 2.3).he axial skeleton consists of the bones found around the axis (the imaginary midline of the body) and includes the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs. The appendicular skeleton refers to the bones associated with the appendages and includes the bones in the arms, shoulders, legs, and hips (figure 2.3).