How do air parcels respond to a horizontal air pressure gradient? A horizontal pressure gradient refers to air pressure changes along a surface of constant altitude. The horizontal wind is governed by interactions of the pressure gradient force, centripetal force, Coriolis Effect, friction, and gravity. The pressure gradient force initiates air motion and arises in part from spatial variations in air temperature and, to a lesser extent, water vapor concentration.
Carbon fiber was invented in 1958 by Roger Bacon. It used Rayon  fibers which where heated until carbonized to create a highly  durable and strong material.
Today we know that gas is carbon dioxide. Van Helmont's discovery was important not only because he first recognized carbon dioxide but also because he first understood that air is a combination of gases, not a single gas. Some of the most complete studies of carbon dioxide were conducted by Scottish chemist Joseph Black (1728-1799).