Once the wall was completed, a zigzag path of 96 miles followed (177.79 kilometers), of which only 27 miles (50 km) divided Eastern Berlin from the west, the rest of the barriers was separating Western Berlin from the rural areas of Eastern Germany. Image Courtesy of commons.
A chess tournament is a series of chess games played competitively to determine a winning individual or team. Since the first international chess tournament in London, 1851, chess tournaments have become the standard form of chess competition among serious players.
To qualify for the title of Grandmaster of chess, a title awarded by FIDE, the World Chess Federation, a player must achieve two or more grandmaster norms in events covering a minimum of 27 games.n March 2009, the United States Chess Federation introduced its own title system. This system requires five norms in order to achieve titles at seven different levels, ranking from Life Senior Master down to 4th category.