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Prior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre LaclÃ¨de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River.
Frenchmen Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet were the first white people to see the Missouri River in 1673. In 1682, Ren-Robert Cavelier traveled down the Mississippi River and claimed the entire Mississippi Valley for France. This land, that included Missouri, was named Louisiana after King Louis XIV. French fur traders built trading posts along the Missouri River. Missionaries established St. Francis Xavier, the first white settlement of Missouri. It was located near present-day St. Louis, but was deserted in 1703. Missouri s first permanent settlement, Ste.