Vasopressin has three main effects: 1  Increasing the water permeability of distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct cells in the kidney, thus allowing water reabsorption and excretion of more concentrated urine, i.e., antidiuresis.
It can be caused by damage to the vagus nerve, which regulates the digestive system. A damaged vagus nerve prevents the muscles in the stomach and intestine from functioning, preventing food from moving through the digestive system properly. Often, the cause of gastroparesis is unknown.
When the body has too little enzymes available because our foods are dead, the body compensates by adding more digestive acid which can lead to gas, bloating and acid reflux. Without enough digestive enzymes food can sit in the stomach too long and contribute to bloating.