In a software-defined network, the data plane handles packets under the direction of a control plane, but the controllers are just applications that can run on standard x86 hardware. SDN controllers use a standard protocol (OpenFlow) to communicate with data plane devices. Other specialized network appliances -- like firewalls and load balancers -- that get recast as SDN applications also run on standard x86 hardware using the SDN controller to get the data plane devices to do what they need to do.
A testator must be of sound mind when making a will. In part to ensure that a testator is of sound mind, states require that the signing of a will be witnessed by multiple persons. A testator also should be making the will without duress and free of coercion from other persons.
In science, computing, and engineering, a black box is a device, system or object which can be viewed in terms of its inputs and outputs, without any knowledge of its internal workings. Its implementation is opaque. Almost anything might be referred to as a black box: a transistor, an algorithm, or the human brain. To analyse something, as an open system, with a typical black box approach, only the behavior of the stimulus/response will be accounted for, to infer the box. The usual represent