A case study for quantifying the benefits of coordinated actuated traffic signal systems provided cost estimates for upgrading a 2.4 mile arterial segment on Route 17 in Gloucester, Virginia from a non-coordinated system to a coordinated system. The net present value over 10 years for the system maintenance costs is $1,621.60 per year for the non-coordinated system and $2,434.40 per year for the coordinated system.
Eyepieces have focal lengths, too â 25- or 10-mm, for example. To calculate the magnification, simply divide the focal length of the scope by that of the eyepiece. A 2000-mm focal length scope used with a 25-mm eyepiece will therefore deliver 2000/25 = 80 power (or 80x).
Macro Photography Technical Explanation. Unfortunately, in photograhy the terms macro and micro and magnification are often used inaccurately. Some photographers may use the phrase high magnification to describe macro photography, when in fact most macro lenses only reach 1:1 reproduction, or 1x magnification.