T he upper extremity is interesting from a functionalanatomy perspective because of the interplay amongthe various joints and segments necessary for smooth, effi-cient movement. Movements of the hand are made moreeffective through proper hand positioning by the elbow,shoulder joint, and shoulder girdle. he upper extremity is interesting from a functionalanatomy perspective because of the interplay amongthe various joints and segments necessary for smooth, effi-cient movement. Movements of the hand are made moreeffective through proper hand positioning by the elbow,shoulder joint, and shoulder girdle.
Artificial Organs. There is a critical shortage of donor organs of all types. Artificial organs that perform the function of natural organs can help alleviate this problem as well as sustain patients with organ failure as they await donor organs.In some cases, artificial organs can eliminate the need for transplantation altogether.here is a critical shortage of donor organs of all types. Artificial organs that perform the function of natural organs can help alleviate this problem as well as sustain patients with organ failure as they await donor organs.
Organ procurement is a surgical procedure that removes organs or tissues for reuse, typically for organ transplantation. It is heavily regulated by United Network for Organ Sharing to prevent unethical allocation of organs. There are over 110,000 patients on the national waiting list for organ transplantation and in 2016, only about 33,000 organ transplants were performed. Due to the lack of organ availability, about 20 patients die each day on the waiting list for organs. Organ transplantation and allocation is mired in ethical debate because of this limited availability of organs for transplant. In the United States in 2016, there were 19,057 kidney transplants, 7,841 liver transplants, 3,191 heart transplants, and 2,327 lung transplants performed.