Energy required to remove an electron from an atom. From a neutral atom (first electron removed) -> first ionization energy. The second electron from the same atom -> second ionization energy. Always much greater than the first since the effective nuclear charge on the other electrons is now greater. PT: increases left -> right and bottom -> top.
1 Although there are still a few low-cost areas where electricians work for $30-$50 an hour, typically they charge $50-$100 an hour or more depending on local rates and their qualifications. 2  Some electricians quote a flat fee per job rather than an hourly rate, depending on the scope and type of work to be performed. There may also be a minimum $50-$150 service charge to come to the house and evaluate the problem. 2  Total cost for hiring an electrician will depend on the type of work done.
The installation cost will vary greatly depending on which kind of electric fence you are purchasing. The average cost of installing an electric fence is $1,140. However, homeowners can typically expect to pay between $917 and $1,364.