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â¢ Axons usually carry information away from the cell body, while dendrites bring information to the cell body. â¢ Axons have myelin sheaths and nodes of Ranvier, whereas dendrites donât. â¢ Myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than dendrites. â¢ Dendrites have ribosomes and axons donât. â¢ Axons are branched far from the cell body, whereas dendrites are branched near the cell body.
The dendrites and axon are thin cytoplasmic extensions of the neuron. The dendrites, which branch out in treelike fashion from the cell body, are specialized to receive signals and transmit them toward the cell body. The single long axon carries signals away from the cell body. In humans, a single axon may be as long as 1 meter (about 3 feet). Some neurons that have cell bodies in the spinal cord have axons that extend all the way down to the toes.