A case study for quantifying the benefits of coordinated actuated traffic signal systems provided cost estimates for upgrading a 2.4 mile arterial segment on Route 17 in Gloucester, Virginia from a non-coordinated system to a coordinated system. The net present value over 10 years for the system maintenance costs is $1,621.60 per year for the non-coordinated system and $2,434.40 per year for the coordinated system.
Eyepieces have focal lengths, too â 25- or 10-mm, for example. To calculate the magnification, simply divide the focal length of the scope by that of the eyepiece. A 2000-mm focal length scope used with a 25-mm eyepiece will therefore deliver 2000/25 = 80 power (or 80x).
The magnifying power is the ratio of the sizes of the images formed on the user's retina with and without the lens. For the without case, it is typically assumed that the user would bring the object as close to the eye as possible without it becoming blurry. This point, known as the near point, varies with age.n actual use, an observer with typical eyes would obtain a magnifying power between 1 and 2, depending on where lens is held. Using this principle, a magnifying glass can also be used to focus light, such as to concentrate the sun's radiation to create a hot spot at the focus.