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Earmark (politics) In public finance, an earmark is a provision inserted into a discretionary government spending appropriations bill that directs funds to a specific recipient while circumventing the merit-based or competitive funds allocation process. The term earmark is used in this sense in the United States and South Africa.
Bearer negotiable instruments (BNIs) are non-cash monetary instruments which may contain the instruction âpay to the bearerâ. The bearer is the person in possession of the BNI. Because large quantities of cash are bulky and difficult to conceal, BNIs are occasionally used to transport funds across national borders. BNIs are defined in s 17 of the AML/CTF Act as cheques, promissory notes, travellerâs cheques, bearer bonds, money orders, postal orders and other negotiable instruments. These are also subject to reporting or disclosure requirements.