Calculate the reflectance for specific conditions. For example, say that a polished gold surface subjected to direct radiation with a wavelength of 480 nanometers reflects about 60 percent of that radiation. In this case, the reflectance would be q(y) = (Gr(y)/Gi(y))^2 = .6^2 = .36, or about 36 percent.
axial skeleton - the part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column and sternum and ribs. breastbone, sternum - the flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs. skull - the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates.
The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, the rib cage and the skull. The appendicular skeleton, which is attached to the axial skeleton, is formed by the pectoral girdle, the pelvic girdle and the bones of the upper and lower limbs.t is composed of 270 bones at birth â this total decreases to 206 bones by adulthood after some bones have fused together. The bone mass in the skeleton reaches maximum density around age 30.