Bupa (pronounced /buËpÉ/) is an international healthcare group, with its origins and headquarters in the United Kingdom but now serving 32 million customers in 190 countries. It is a not-for-profit private healthcare company, as opposed to the UK's National Health Service (NHS), which is a tax-funded healthcare system.
IPsec is an end-to-end security scheme operating in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite, while some other Internet security systems in widespread use, such as Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Shell (SSH), operate in the upper layers at the Transport Layer (TLS) and the Application layer (SSH).
To this end, a set of protocols called IP Security or IPSec was developed. In this section I provide a brief description of IPSec concepts and protocols. I begin with an overview of IPSec, including a discussion of the history of the technology and defining standards.