Until recently, there were no experimental reports of superconductivity in graphene although its close relatives, graphite and fullerenes can be made superconducting by intentionally introducing electrons in the material (doping).
For the British literary movement, see Spasmodic poets. A spasm is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle, a group of muscles, or a hollow organ such as the heart. A spasmodic muscle contraction may be caused by many medical conditions, including dystonia. Most commonly, it is a muscle cramp which is accompanied by a sudden burst of pain.
Involuntary action. An involuntary action is one which occurs without the conscious choice of an organism. A reaction in response to a stimulus that is mediated via the reflex arc is known in physiology as a reflex, but the word reflex is also used informally for those involuntary responses that originate in the brain. Involuntary actions are opposite of voluntary actions that occur because of choice.