Beta decay is a consequence of the weak force, which is characterized by relatively lengthy decay times. Nucleons are composed of up or down quarks, and the weak force allows a quark to change type by the exchange of a W boson and the creation of an electron/antineutrino or positron/neutrino pair.
Most procaryotes contain some sort of a polysaccharide layer outside of the cell wall polymer. In a general sense, this layer is called a capsule. A true capsule is a discrete detectable layer of polysaccharides deposited outside the cell wall.
The cell walls of fungi are made of chitin and other polymers, especially glucans, which are long chains of glucose. Chitin plays the same role in fungal cell walls as cellulose does in plant cell... The cell walls of fungi are made of chitin and other polymers, especially glucans, which are long chains of glucose. Chitin plays the same role in fungal cell walls as cellulose does in plant cell... Star Gazing