A chief measure of price inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general price index, usually the consumer price index, over time. The opposite of inflation is deflation. Inflation has affected many economies in various positive and negative ways.
forestry - the science of planting and caring for forests and the management of growing timber. undercut - a notch cut in the trunk of tree in order to determine the direction of its fall. biological science, biology - the science that studies living organisms. silviculture - the branch of forestry dealing with the development and care of forests. stool - (forestry) the stump of a tree that has been felled or headed for the production of saplings.
Lumber (American English; timber in Australian English, British English, Hiberno-English, and New Zealand English) is wood that has been processed into beams and planks, a stage in the process of wood production.Lumber may be supplied either rough-sawn, or surfaced on one or more of its faces.inished lumber is supplied in standard sizes, mostly for the construction industryâ primarily softwood, from coniferous species, including pine, fir and spruce (collectively spruce-pine-fir), cedar, and hemlock, but also some hardwood, for high-grade flooring.