Binds to the DNA strand at a specific sequence of the gene called a promoter; Unwinds and unlinks the two strands of DNA; Uses one of the DNA strands as a guide or template; Matches new nucleotides with their complements on the DNA strand (G with C, A with U -- remember that RNA has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T))
Carbohydrates contain three major categories of molecules: monosaccharides (or simple sugars), disaccharides, and polysaccharides. 1. Monosaccharides: This group, also known as simple sugars, is the simplest carbohydrate form.
This allows carbon atoms to form a tremendous variety of very large and complex molecules. Figure 3.13 Carbon bonding: these structures form the backbone of many different types of organic molecules. Figure 3.12 This model represents a molecule of glucose, an organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The chemical formula for glucose is C 6 H 12 O 6. This means that each molecule of glucose contains six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms.