Extinction _____. only happens above the species level cannot happen to more than one species at a time has happened to over 99% of species that ever lived on earth happens when a species or population dies out.
Medical use. Nivolumab is used as a first line treatment for inoperable or metastatic melanoma in combination with ipilimumab if the cancer does not have a mutation in BRAF, and as a second-line treatment for inoperable or metastatic melanoma following treatment of ipilimumab and, if the cancer has a BRAF mutation, a BRAF inhibitor.
Bladder: studies in various lines of therapy with nivolumab or nivolumab/ipilimumab plus standard of care (BCG, chemo) Renal cell carcinoma: nivolumab plus bevacizumab in first line Areas NOT of interest: 1  Nivolumab monotherapy in metastatic melanoma patients. 2  Nivolumab monotherapy in adjuvant stage 3 melanoma patients (exception is special populations like mucosal and uveal) 3  Nivolumab combinations with radiation in melanoma. 4  Nivolumab plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma.