Supernova nucleosynthesis. Supernova nucleosynthesis is a theory of the production of many different chemical elements in supernova explosions, first advanced by Fred Hoyle in 1954. The nucleosynthesis, or fusion of lighter elements into heavier ones, occurs during explosive oxygen burning and silicon burning processes. Those fusion reactions create the elements silicon, sulfur, chlorine, argon, sodium, potassium, calcium, scandium, titanium and iron peak elements: vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, and nickel.
While the AKC requires poodles competing in the standard class to be over 15 inches at the shoulder, most average around 22 to 26 inches. Dogs marketed as royal or giant run from 25 to 31 inches tall at the shoulder. While some breeders charge a premium for larger dogs, they are registered with the AKC as a standard poodle. There is no advantage to their size in the show ring.
Used purely as a marketing term, or within the vernacular of breeders and fans, the royal poodle is not recognized as a breed by the American Kennel Club. Royal, in this particular case, simply means that the poodle is larger than normal, in relation to the standard poodle. Standard poodles -- as well as miniatures and toys -- are the only AKC recognized sizes of the poodle breed. In the 1950s poodles in general saw an increase in popularity as a breed; due to the attention from celebrities such as Jayne Mansfield, miniature poodle interest soared well into the 1960s.