Beta decay is a consequence of the weak force, which is characterized by relatively lengthy decay times. Nucleons are composed of up or down quarks, and the weak force allows a quark to change type by the exchange of a W boson and the creation of an electron/antineutrino or positron/neutrino pair.
Most procaryotes contain some sort of a polysaccharide layer outside of the cell wall polymer. In a general sense, this layer is called a capsule. A true capsule is a discrete detectable layer of polysaccharides deposited outside the cell wall.
Cell wall is found on most plant cells and fungi.Cell wall in these cells covers the cell membrane and protects it(in addition to performing several other functions-like providing mechanical strength).Cell wall in plant cells is made of cellulose,pectin,lignin and suberin while that of fungi is made of chitin.his helps enclose the cell organelles and cytosol inside the cell. the cell membrane also helps in the transfer of ions etc across from the inside to the outside of the cell as well as from the outside to the inside of the cell. a cell wall is a protective covering and it surrounds the cell membrane.