The truth is that all the intermediates between humans and their ancestors (which diverged from the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees) are now extinct (and there was likely no fundamental distinction between humans and their ancestors).
Rim brakes. Rim brakes are so called because braking force is applied by friction pads to the rim of the rotating wheel, thus slowing it and the bicycle. Brake pads can be made of leather, rubber or cork and are often mounted in metal shoes. Rim brakes are typically actuated by a lever mounted on the handlebar.
Indeed the brakes, especially the pads, are some of the hardest working components in your car. For the purpose of this article we'll deal solely with brake pads, meaning the pads used in caliper brakes rather than drum brakes. The pads used in drum brakes are referred to as shoes..