Beta decay is a consequence of the weak force, which is characterized by relatively lengthy decay times. Nucleons are composed of up or down quarks, and the weak force allows a quark to change type by the exchange of a W boson and the creation of an electron/antineutrino or positron/neutrino pair.
Most procaryotes contain some sort of a polysaccharide layer outside of the cell wall polymer. In a general sense, this layer is called a capsule. A true capsule is a discrete detectable layer of polysaccharides deposited outside the cell wall.
Polysaccharides Long chains of monosaccharides (sugar units) bonded together form polysaccharides. Important polysaccharides found in living things are cellulose (found in animals/humans) and starch (found in plants. Lipids Lipids include fats and oils. Fats are lipids that are solid at room temperature.