Acres to Hectares Conversion. There are 0.404685642 hectares in an acre. In other words, it is about 40 percent of a hectare. To find out how many hectares in acres, multiply by the conversion factor or instead, use the converter below. Acre is an imperial and US customary area measurement unit which equals to 43560 square feet.
intervention study. testing an hypothesized epidemiological cause-effect relationship by intervening in a population and modifying a supposed causal factor and measuring the effect of the change.
Case control studies are observational because no intervention is attempted and no attempt is made to alter the course of the disease. The goal is to retrospectively determine the exposure to the risk factor of interest from each of the two groups of individuals: cases and controls. These studies are designed to estimate odds. Case control studies are also known as retrospective studies and case-referent studies..