Image-Guided Surgery - Overview. 1  Image-guided surgery (IGS) is the use of a real-time correlation of the operative field to a preoperative imaging data set that reflects the precise location of a selected surgical instrument to the surrounding anatomic structures. Although first developed for neurosurgery, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) rapidly became one of the leading indi...
Like most other muscles, there are two trapezius muscles â a left and a right trapezius â that are symmetrical and meet at the vertebral column. The trapezius arises from ligaments at its origins along the nuchal crest of the occipital bone and the spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae....
Tension or Stress. Tension and stress can cause a tightening of the trapezius muscle, causing soreness and pain. Women perceive life to be more stressful and suffer more from neck pain than men, according to a 2010 study at the University of Gothenburg.