Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.
Definition of finite. 1  1a : having definite or definable limits a finite number of possibilitiesb : having a limited nature or existence finite beings. 2  2 : completely determinable in theory or in fact by counting, measurement, or thought the finite velocity of light.
Definition of arithmetic. 1a : a branch of mathematics that deals usually with the nonnegative real numbers including sometimes the transfinite cardinals and with the application of the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division to themb : a treatise on arithmetic.