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A chlorine atom has 7 electrons in its outer shell. Chlorine is in group 7 of the periodic table. A hydrogen atom has 1 electron in its outer shell. Hydrogen can only form 1 bond. The hydrogen atom will share its 1 electron with chlorine to form one covalent bond and make a hydrogen chloride molecule (HCl).This is a picture of a hydrogen chloride molecule. hydrogen atom has 1 electron in its outer shell. Hydrogen can only form 1 bond. The hydrogen atom will share its 1 electron with chlorine to form one covalent bond and make a hydrogen chloride molecule (HCl).
Sodium Chloride, NaCl. The classic case of ionic bonding, the sodium chloride molecule forms by the ionization of sodium and chlorine atoms and the attraction of the resulting ions.An atom of sodium has one 3s electron outside a closed shell, and it takes only 5.14 electron volts of energy to remove that electron.The chlorine lacks one electron to fill a shell, and releases 3.62 eV when it acquires that electron (it's electron affinity is 3.62 eV).he potential diagram above is for gaseous NaCl, and the environment is different in the normal solid state where sodium chloride (common table salt) forms cubical crystals. The ion separation is 0.28 nm, somewhat larger than that in the gaseous state.