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The left diagram shows a steroid (lipid) hormone (1) entering a cell and (2) binding to a receptor protein in the nucleus, causing (3) mRNA synthesis which is the first step of protein synthesis. The right side shows protein hormones (1) binding with receptors which (2) begins a transduction pathway. The transduction pathway ends (3) with transcription factors being activated in the nucleus, and protein synthesis beginning. In both diagrams, a is the hormone, b is the cell membrane, c is the cytoplasm, and d is the nucleus.
Absence of protein synthesis does not affect DNA synthesis at the levels of (a) membrane permeability and uptake of label, (b) nucleotide metabolism, (c) a specific subpopulation of cells or (d) a specific sub-population of replicons.n addition, it is shown that protein synthesis is not required for the elimination of an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. No qualitative differences could be found between DNA synthesized in the absence of protein synthesis and DNA made in control cells.