Image-Guided Surgery - Overview. 1  Image-guided surgery (IGS) is the use of a real-time correlation of the operative field to a preoperative imaging data set that reflects the precise location of a selected surgical instrument to the surrounding anatomic structures. Although first developed for neurosurgery, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) rapidly became one of the leading indi...
Like most other muscles, there are two trapezius muscles â a left and a right trapezius â that are symmetrical and meet at the vertebral column. The trapezius arises from ligaments at its origins along the nuchal crest of the occipital bone and the spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae....
The delivery of dental care places high demands on this muscle, and can result in a painful condition called trapezius myalgia. Symptoms include pain, spasms, or tenderness in the upper trapezius muscle, often on the side of the mirror, or retracting, arm (Fig.1).rigger point self-treatment. Trigger points in the upper trapezius muscles can refer pain to the temple, cause a headache behind the eye, or pain in the back of the neck.