For cultural reasons, enumerating the precise number of females has been difficult--and estimates of the percentage of females in the population range from 47.5 percent in the 1981 census to 48.3 percent in the 1987-88 Labour Force Survey.
Substrate (printing) Substrate is a term used in a converting process such as printing or coating to generally describe the base material onto which, e.g. images, will be printed. Base materials may include: plastic films or foils, release liner.
1 Substrate (vivarium) , the material used in the bottom of a vivarium or terrarium. 2  Substrate (aquarium) , the material used in the bottom of an aquarium. 3  Substrate (materials science) , the material on which a process is conducted. Substrate (materials science) , the material on which a process is conducted. 2  Substrate (biology) , the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the surface or medium on which an organism grows or is attached. 3  Substrate (locomotion) , the surface over which an organism locomotes.