Nicotinic receptor activation causes the opening of the channel formed by the receptor. This increases the Na+ movement into the target cell, leading to depolarization and generation of the action potential. This rapidly developing change, termed a fast EPSP, is illustrated in Figures 4.3, and 6.2.
Just like red pepper, black pepper has a thermogenic effect when ingested. The spice stimulates your metabolism and thus temporarily increases body heat. A higher basal metabolic rate means higher energy expenditure or more calories burned.
Negative Effects of Imperialism. Negative Effects of Imperialism: Africans lost control of their land and independence and were placed under the indirect rule of the British. Many of the Africans died of new diseases, such as small pox, that were brought over by the British.