Acoustic reflex. The acoustic reflex (also known as the stapedius reflex, middle-ear-muscles (MEM) reflex, attenuation reflex, or auditory reflex) is an involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear in response to high-intensity sound stimuli or when the person starts to vocalize.
Wildlife provides a variety of benefits for private landowners. Many landowners are willing to spend time and money to enhance habitat for wildlife on their property, with deer often the primary focus of these efforts.Because deer are valued economically and recreationally by many hunters, some private landowners are tolerant of a certain degree of damage from this species.abbits (10%). The evidence farmers used to determine which species were responsible for damage included: visual observations of the animals in or near crop fields (80%), observations of tracks or scat (56%), observation of damage to plants (43%), and digging or rooting in crop fields (25%).
This rating is then combined with other information gathered on site -- including tree condition and location -- and applied against the replacement cost of the tree to determine whether the appraised value deviates from the replacement cost. In most cases, the replacement cost analysis is the method used in adjusting an insurance claim, and a mature tree may have a replacement cost of $50,000 or more. Appraised values are more commonly used in legal proceedings or casualty loss claims.