Nicotinic receptor activation causes the opening of the channel formed by the receptor. This increases the Na+ movement into the target cell, leading to depolarization and generation of the action potential. This rapidly developing change, termed a fast EPSP, is illustrated in Figures 4.3, and 6.2.
And, anecdotally at least, they act as an overall stimulant, producing a titillating, awakening effect and increasing the acuity of the senses. Peppers, especially the hot capsicum (chili) peppers, produce a burning sensation on the skin and mucous membranes, including the inside of the mouth. For the uninitiated, a relatively mild hot pepper can seem intolerably strong and truly hot peppers may even cause blistering of the lips and palate.
What are the effects of prejudice? How have our individual prejudices seeped into our customs, laws, and institutions? How has discrimination played a part in our history, and how have we responded to these effects?