Acoustic reflex. The acoustic reflex (also known as the stapedius reflex, middle-ear-muscles (MEM) reflex, attenuation reflex, or auditory reflex) is an involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear in response to high-intensity sound stimuli or when the person starts to vocalize.
Wildlife provides a variety of benefits for private landowners. Many landowners are willing to spend time and money to enhance habitat for wildlife on their property, with deer often the primary focus of these efforts.Because deer are valued economically and recreationally by many hunters, some private landowners are tolerant of a certain degree of damage from this species.abbits (10%). The evidence farmers used to determine which species were responsible for damage included: visual observations of the animals in or near crop fields (80%), observations of tracks or scat (56%), observation of damage to plants (43%), and digging or rooting in crop fields (25%).
Profit groups were determined by ranking contestants in quintiles by division, district and year. The largest proportion of costs involve land, fertilizer and fixed + variable equipment (Fig. 1). In the cash corn division, the average cost per acre has been $238 (minimum = $215 during 1995; maximum = $260 during 1992).In the livestock corn division, the average cost per acre is $206 (minimum = $186 during 1993; maximum = $235 during 1987).ariable equipment costs have increased 30%. Total acre cost of production between the top and bottom profit group is similar, but grower return is not, due to substantially higher yield (Fig. 2 and Table 1).