Two unmarried taxpayers netting $82,400, the maximum taxable income before the next higher rate, will pay less tax combined than a married couple each making the same. Part of the penalty is negated by the economies of marriage. A married couple's housing and food costs are not the same as two unmarried taxpayers living apart.
The caterpillars are accordingly called loopers, spanworms, or inchworms after their characteristic looping gait. The cabbage looper and soybean looper are not an inchworm, but a caterpillar of a different family. In many species of geometer moths, the inchworms are about 25 mm (1.0 in) long.They tend to be green, grey, or brownish and hide from predators by fading into the background or resembling twigs. Many inchworms, when disturbed, stand erect and motionless on the prolegs, increasing the resemblance. very large family, it has around 35,000 species of moths described, and over 1400 species from six subfamilies indigenous to North America alone. A well-known member is the peppered moth, Biston betularia, which has been subject of numerous studies in population genetics.
Some insects have adopted the worm name including inchworms, glowworms and silkworms, but they do not have the characteristics of an actual worm. A commonly known worm is the earthworm, which is found in gardens and most backyards. Its tubular body and lack of legs, antennae or proper body segments is descriptive of all types of worms, although some worms do have mouths.