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Thermal cracking. In thermal cracking, high temperatures (typically in the range of 450Â°C to 750Â°C) and pressures (up to about 70 atmospheres) are used to break the large hydrocarbons into smaller ones. Thermal cracking gives mixtures of products containing high proportions of hydrocarbons with double bonds - alkenes.
The residual oil or pitch is first heated to around 930Â° Fahrenheit (500Â° Celsius) and fed into the bottom of the coke drum where the cracking process begins. During cracking, gases and vaporized oils exit at the top of the coker unit for collection, while solid, porous coke builds up to form a mass inside the drum. Once a sufficient accumulation of coke is present in the drum, the feed is cut off and the process ceases.