ACTH is secreted from the anterior pituitary in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus. corticotropin-releasing hormone is secreted in response to many types of stress, which makes sense in view of the stress management functions of glucocorticoids.
9-13 cm: With an ultrasound evaluation, the normal kidney size is 9-13 cm. One kidney may be up to 1.5 CM difference in size from the other and still be in acceptable range. Kidney sizes in females may be some smaller than in males but evenso a kidney smaller than 9 CM is abnormally small.
From the kidneys, urine travels down two thin tubes, called ureters, to the bladder. The ureters are about 8 to 10 inches long (20 to 25 centimeters), according to the Cleveland Clinic. Muscles in the ureter walls continuously tighten and relax to force urine away from the kidneys, according to the NIH.