The simplest mathematical method to estimate tortuosity is the arc-chord ratio: the ratio of the length of the curve (L) to the distance between the ends of it (C): Arc-chord ratio equals 1 for a straight line and is infinite for a circle.
ERS is a set of computer programs set to run in a specified order on the UNISYS Mainframe at the Enterprise. Computing Center in Martinsburg, West Virginia and the Enterprise Computing Center in Memphis, (ECC-MTB and. ECC-MEM) Tennessee. All ERS information is housed on the ERS database at each computing center.
AVS, an acronym for Application Visualization System, is a high quality digital video format developed and maintained by Application Visualization System Inc. Based on the DVI (Digital Video Interactive) technology, it is mainly used as a post-production tool to edit and process video files. The AVS file is a binary file. It consists of two four-byte integers containing the x and y size of an image, followed by four byte tuples (representing alpha, red, green, and blue) with data for each of the pixel of an image. This AVS file is generally stored in the data subdirectory of an install directory.