Bargain element. The bargain element in the exercise of an option is the difference between the value of the stock on the exercise date and the amount paid for the stock. Example: You have an option that gives you the right to buy 1,000 shares of stock for $15 per share. If you exercise the entire option at a time when the value of the stock is $40 per share, the bargain element is $25,000 ($40,000 minus $15,000). The value of the stock should be determined as of the date of exercise.
The protocols used to encrypt account names and passwords are called authentication protocols The two most popular protocols are and Kerberos? CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol) The CHAP provides protection against palyback attack by the peer also requires both the client and server.
HTTPS pages typically use one of two secure protocols to encrypt communications-SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) or TLS (Transport Layer Security). Both the TLS and SSL protocols use what is known as an 'asymmetric' Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) system.ll communications sent over regular HTTP connections are in 'plain text' and can be read by any hacker that manages to break into the connection between your browser and the website. This presents a clear danger if the 'communication' is on an order form and includes your credit card details or social security number.