1. 1  the region below the lithosphere, variously estimated as being from fifty to several hundred miles (eighty-five to several hundred kilometers) thick, in which the rock is less rigid than that above and below but rigid enough to transmit transverse seismic waves.
Operationalization is sometimes used to specifically refer to the scientific practice of operationally defining, where even the most basic concepts are defined through the operations by which we measure them. This comes from the work of Percy Williams Bridgman, whose methodological position is called operationalism.
Virtualization is a technique used to create an execution environment for software that is similar to the one it was originally designed for, but on a different hardware or operating system. Virtualization can be achieved usually at two levels: operating system virtualization and hardware virtualization.