The DNA of most bacteria is contained in a single circular molecule, called the bacterial chromosome. The chromosome, along with several proteins and RNA molecules, forms an irregularly shaped structure called the nucleoid. This sits in the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell.
Urine tests for diabetes facts. 1  Urine tests may be done in people with diabetes to evaluate severe hyperglycemia (severe high blood sugar) by looking for ketones in the urine.  Ketones are a metabolic product produced when fat is metabolized. Ketones increase when there is insufficient insulin to use glucose for energy.
Ketones: Finding ketones in the urine is not a normal finding. Typically, diabetes is the cause of ketones in the urine. The finding of ketones will typically result in testing for diabetes, or it may indicate a need for better glucose control in a diabetic patient. Leukocytes: Leukocytes are white blood cells. Leukocytes in the urine typically indicate a past or current infection in the urinary tract. Blood: The presence of blood in the urine is an abnormal finding. It is not possible to determine the cause of the bleeding without further testing.