Shastra (à¤¶à¤¾à¤¸à¥à¤¤à¥à¤°, IAST: ÅÄstra, IPA: ) is a Sanskrit word that means precept, rules, manual, compendium, book or treatise in a general sense. The word is generally used as a suffix in the Indian literature context, for technical or specialized knowledge in a defined area of practice.
Ice calving. Ice calving, also known as glacier calving or iceberg calving, is the breaking of ice chunks from the edge of a glacier. It is a form of ice ablation or ice disruption and is normally caused by the glacier expanding. It is the sudden release and breaking away of a mass of ice from a glacier, iceberg, ice front, ice shelf, or crevasse.
The bottom half of a glacier behaves like a plastic while the top is brittle. Crevasses or cracks on the surface forms as a glacier descend down a mountain. Glacier types. There are two types of glaciers: Alpine glaciers-glaciers that occupy mountain valleys. Continental glaciers-glaciers that occupy land masses. Depending on the type of glaciers, they leave behind characteristic erosional features. Glacier or U-shaped valleys-glaciers carve out existing valleys and leave behind U-shaped valleys. www.geology.wisc.edu. Cirques-half bowl shaped hollow that is located high or at the head of the glacier.