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A typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters, with females generally having less blood volume than males. Blood volume is regulated by the kidneys. B V = P V 1 â H C {\displaystyle BV={\frac {PV}{1-HC}}}. Blood volume measurement may be used in people with congestive heart failure, chronic hypertension, renal failure and critical care. The use of relative blood volume changes during dialysis is of questionable utility.
In order to calculate Kt/V, the patient's urea distribution volume is needed as an input. The purpose of this study was to assess which of the available methods for determination of V lead to a Kt/V that is consistent with a reference Kt/V based on pre- and post-dialysis blood urea concentrations.