Magma is a mixture of molten and semi-molten rock found below Earth's surface. Most magma consists of four types of materials: liquid rock, crystallized minerals, solid pieces of rock, and dissolved gases. When magma escapes through a volcano onto Earth's surface, scientists call it lava.
Download the Accretion of Duties Form (PDF, 8K) An accretion of duties is a promotion resulting from the upgrading of an employee's position because of additional duties and responsibilities. Jobs change and evolve for many reasons.
The Fiqh distinguishes two sorts of duties: 1  Individual duty or fardh al-'ayn (Ø§ÙÙØ±Ø¶ Ø§ÙØ¹ÙÙ) relates to tasks every Muslim is required to perform, such as daily prayer (salat), or the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime (hajj). Individual duty or fardh al-'ayn (Ø§ÙÙØ±Ø¶ Ø§ÙØ¹ÙÙ) relates to tasks every Muslim is required to perform, such as daily prayer (salat), or the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime (hajj). 2  Sufficiency duty or fardh al-kifÄya (Ø§ÙÙØ±Ø¶ Ø§ÙÙÙØ§ÙØ©) is a duty which is imposed on the whole community of believers (ummah).