Shastra (à¤¶à¤¾à¤¸à¥à¤¤à¥à¤°, IAST: ÅÄstra, IPA: ) is a Sanskrit word that means precept, rules, manual, compendium, book or treatise in a general sense. The word is generally used as a suffix in the Indian literature context, for technical or specialized knowledge in a defined area of practice.
Ice calving. Ice calving, also known as glacier calving or iceberg calving, is the breaking of ice chunks from the edge of a glacier. It is a form of ice ablation or ice disruption and is normally caused by the glacier expanding. It is the sudden release and breaking away of a mass of ice from a glacier, iceberg, ice front, ice shelf, or crevasse.
Postpartum (after calving) is the 80 to 90 day period that begins at calving. It is the period of greatest nutritional demand (Table 1 & 2). Cows must lactate, repair their reproductive tracts, resume heat cycles, breed, increase activity and, if young, grow. All these processes put considerable strain on the cow.