Bargain element. The bargain element in the exercise of an option is the difference between the value of the stock on the exercise date and the amount paid for the stock. Example: You have an option that gives you the right to buy 1,000 shares of stock for $15 per share. If you exercise the entire option at a time when the value of the stock is $40 per share, the bargain element is $25,000 ($40,000 minus $15,000). The value of the stock should be determined as of the date of exercise.
The protocols used to encrypt account names and passwords are called authentication protocols The two most popular protocols are and Kerberos? CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol) The CHAP provides protection against palyback attack by the peer also requires both the client and server.
Rainbow Table. Most modern systems now store passwords in a hash. This means that even if you can get to the area or file that stores the password, what you get is an encrypted password. One approach to cracking this encryption is to take dictionary file and hash each word and compare it to the hashed password.