A percentage of shareholders, usually 67% to 90%. A supermajority is often required for a company to take certain actions, such as amending the charter. Some companies require supermajorities as anti-takeover measures. For example, a company may require two-thirds of shareholders to approve of a merger or acquisition.
A certificate authority can issue multiple certificates in the form of a tree structure. A root certificate is the top-most certificate of the tree, the private key of which is used to sign other certificates. All certificates signed by the root certificate, with the CA field set to true, inherit the trustworthiness of the root certificateâa signature by a root certificate is somewhat analogous to notarizing an identity in the physical world.
Also called trade promotion authority (TPA) since 2002, fast track negotiating authority is a temporary and controversial power granted to the President by Congress. The authority was in effect from 1975 to 1994, pursuant to the Trade Act of 1974, and from 2002 to 2007 by the Trade Act of 2002. Although it expired for new agreements on July 1, 2007, it continued to apply to agreements already under negotiation until they were eventually passed into law in 2011.