Bismuth subsalicylate may cause ringing in the ears, but that side effect is rare. Possible side effects from loperamide include skin rash, constipation, drowsiness, dizziness, tiredness, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, and swelling, pain, and discomfort in the abdomen.
In the United States, the annual cost of soil erosion for both on-site and off-site effects has been estimated at 44 billion dollars a year (Pimentel et al., 1995). In the European Union, the figure is 38 billion Euros a year (Montanarella, 2007).
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has estimated soil erosion and has addressed erosion issues since the 1930âs. This paper discusses the impact of soil erosion and presents USDA data on soil erosion on cropland in the United States from 1982 to 2003.ata from the 2003 Annual NRI, the most up-to-date NRI information available, indicate that average soil erosion rates on all cropland and CRP land have decreased more than 38 percent since 1982. In 2003, the soil erosion rate was estimated at 4.5 tons per acre per year, compared to 7.3 tons per acre per year in 1982.