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Best Answer: An enlarged left atrium means simply that the atrium that pumps blood in the ventricle that pumps blood to the rest of the body is larger than it should be, the seriousness depends on the size of the enlargement, a small enlargement usually won't pose any noticable problems, however, a larger deviation from normal size can lead to problems ranging from electrical dissarray such as atrial fibrillation to stroke, due to blood pooling in the atrium.
The valve located in the left atrium is the mitral valve. As the left atrium fills with the newly oxygenated blood, the mitral valve remains closed. As the pressure changes within the left atrium and left ventricle, the mitral valve opens, allowing the oxygenated blood to flow into the left ventricle.