The Earth reaches its perihelion (the point in its orbit when it is closest to the sun) during the month of January (around January 3rd currently), which falls durin â¦ g the season of winter in the northern hemisphere.
State that the most frequently occurring chemical elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. State that a variety of other elements are needed by living organisms, including sulphur, calcium , phosphorus, iron and sodium. State one role for each of the elements mentioned above. 1  Nitrogen: Required by proteins. 2  Calcium: The mineral that strengthens bone and teeth uses calcium. 3  Phosphorus: Part of the phosphate groups in ATP and DNA molecules.  Iron: found in the structure of hemoglobin and essential for the production of red blood cells.
Carbon forms the key component for all known life on Earth. Complex molecules are made up of carbon bonded with other elements, especially oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen, and carbon is able to bond with all of these because of its four valence electrons.he most important characteristics of carbon as a basis for the chemistry of life are, that it has four valence bonds, that the energy required to make or break a bond is at an appropriate level for building molecules, which are stable and reactive.