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Enteroendocrine cells of the intestine are the most numerous endocrine cells of the body. They constitute an enteric endocrine system as a subset of the endocrine system just as the enteric nervous system is a subset of the nervous system.
The endocrine system is made up of pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands, pancreatic islet cells (also known as islets of Langerhans) and the ovaries or testicles. 1  The pituitary, pineal and parathyroid glands are neuroendocrine glands. Neuroendocrine cells in the digestive system regulate intestinal movements and the release of digestive enzymes. 2  Neuroendocrine cells in the respiratory system are believed to play a role in the developmental stages of the respiratory organs. 3  They also regulate respiratory function.