On closer inspection, you notice that there is a large black inclusion within the diamond structure. Inclusions that are large and pronounced can interrupt the passage of light through the gem, hindering the diamond brilliance and fire.
Abstract. The âmanganese-oxidizing groupâ is a phylogenetically diverse assemblage, which is characterized by the ability to catalyze the oxidation of divalent, soluble Mn(II) to insoluble manganese oxides of the general formula MnO x (where X is some number between 1 and 2).abitats of manganese-oxidizing bacteria: the two well-characterized general environments where one might expect to encounter natural enrichments of Mn-oxidizing bacteria. Mn(II) is also continuously supplied by inputs of anoxic (reduced) water into aerobic environments (Fig. 2, part II).
In biology, manganese(II) ions function as cofactors for a large variety of enzymes with many functions. Manganese enzymes are particularly essential in detoxification of superoxide free radicals in organisms that must deal with elemental oxygen.he most stable oxidation state for manganese is +2, which has a pale pink color, and many manganese(II) compounds are known, such as manganese(II) sulfate (MnSO 4) and manganese(II) chloride (MnCl 2). This oxidation state is also seen in the mineral rhodochrosite (manganese(II) carbonate).