Mononucleosis, commonly called mono, is an illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Although it's rarely serious, mono can cause bothersome symptoms that last several weeks.
Complex systems. Complex systems present problems both in mathematical modelling and philosophical foundations. The study of complex systems is an approach to science that investigates how relationships between parts give rise to the collective behaviors of a system and how the system interacts and forms relationships with its environment.
Pharmacology-is the science of the interaction of chemical agents (drugs) with living systems. It encompasses the study of the biochemical and physiologic aspects of drug effects, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, toxicity, and specific mechanisms of drug action.rugs often work on more than one receptor, and as a result produce more than one kind of biological response (Figure 10). One good example is norepinephrine (NE), the sympathetic neurotransmitter which can relax bronchial smooth muscle, but constrict arterial smooth muscle.