Tumor markers are not always reliable for the following reasons: 1  Most tumor markers can be made by normal cells, as well as cancer cells. 2  Tumor markers can be associated with noncancerous conditions. 3  Tumor markers are not always present in early stage cancers. 4  People with cancer may never have elevated tumor markers.
The Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree program requires at least two years of specific undergraduate college study followed by four academic years (or three calendar years) of professional pharmacy study. Most students enter a pharmacy degree program after completion of three or more years of college.
My own observations as a former dean suggest that prior to 2009, almost all pharmacy students had jobs lined up at least six months before graduation, but those days are over. A study conducted in 2013 by eight schools in the Midwest queried pharmacy students about their plans four weeks before graduation. Of the 783 respondents, 81% had a job or post-graduate training program lined up, but 16% had not found employment and 3% had not started looking.