In its Fifth Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a group of 1,300 independent scientific experts from countries all over the world under the auspices of the United Nations, concluded there's a more than 95 percent probability that human activities over the past 50 years have warmed our planet.
Scalar multiplication of two vectors (to give the so-called dot product) is commutative (i.e., aÂ·b = bÂ·a), but vector multiplication (to give the cross product) is not (i.e., a Ã b = âb Ã a). The commutative law does not necessarily hold for multiplication of conditionally convergent series.
The stalk at each point is a local ring, which is the localization at the prime ideal represented by that point; A locally ringed space that can be realized as the spectrum of a commutative unital ring in the above fashion, is termed an affine scheme. Functoriality. Further information: induced map on spectra by a ring homomorphism