The first step in diagnosing a HÃ¼rthle cell adenoma is to establish the existence of a thyroid tumor. Second, a physician must determine whether the tumor is malignant or benign.
foraminal narrowing or foraminal stenosis is a condition of the spine that can cause pain and other symptoms resulting from spinal nerve root compression at every level of the spine a pair of nerve roots runs through the spinal column via small openings called foramina singular foramen
View image. The foramen ovale is a small opening between the 2 upper chambers of the heart (the atria). It is normally present before birth and closes in most people after birth. If the foramen ovale does not close all the way, it is called a patent foramen ovale (PFO).PFO can cause some problems.For example: 1  If you have pulmonary hypertension, PFO may make shortness of breath much worse. 2  Scuba divers with PFO may be more likely to have small strokes and damage to the brain when they dive.f the foramen ovale does not close all the way, it is called a patent foramen ovale (PFO). PFO can cause some problems. For example: 1  If you have pulmonary hypertension, PFO may make shortness of breath much worse. 2  Scuba divers with PFO may be more likely to have small strokes and damage to the brain when they dive.