Parasympathetic (vagal) nerves leave the vagal nuclei within the medulla as preganglionic efferent vagal fibers. These preganglionic efferent fibers are relatively long and do not synapse until they reach their target organ (e.g., the heart).
medical Definition of isovolumetric : of, relating to, or characterized by unchanging volume; especially: relating to or being an early phase of ventricular systole in which the cardiac muscle exerts increasing pressure on the contents of the ventricle without significant change in the muscle fiber length and the ventricular volume remains constant
Schematic diagram of an opto-isolator showing source of light (LED) on the left, dielectric barrier in the center, and sensor (phototransistor) on the right. In electronics, an opto-isolator, also called an optocoupler, photocoupler, or optical isolator, is a component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits by using light. Opto-isolators prevent high voltages from affecting the system receiving the signal.