The first step in diagnosing a HÃ¼rthle cell adenoma is to establish the existence of a thyroid tumor. Second, a physician must determine whether the tumor is malignant or benign.
foraminal narrowing or foraminal stenosis is a condition of the spine that can cause pain and other symptoms resulting from spinal nerve root compression at every level of the spine a pair of nerve roots runs through the spinal column via small openings called foramina singular foramen
Arthritis of the facet joints and degenerative disc disease cause foraminal narrowing in affected areas of the spine by bone spur or osteophyte formation, loss of disc height, facet hypertrophy, facet capsule hypertrophy and disc bulging. Foraminal narrowing is treated when it causes pain or radiculopathy.