Blockage of the bile duct by a cancer, gallstones, or scarring from injury prevents the bile from being transported to the intestine and the active ingredient in the bile (bilirubin) instead accumulates in the blood.
Over 60 million tonnes of poly(ethene), often known as polyethylene and polythene, is manufactured each year making it the world's most important plastic. Its uses include film, packaging and containers, from bottles to buckets.ses of poly(ethene) (polyethylene). -3) and linear low density (LLDPE) (ca 0.915-0.940 g cm -3) and high density (HDPE) (ca 0.940-0.965 g cm -3). The LDPE or LLDPE form is preferred for film packaging and for electrical insulation.
Copolymers of PVDF are also used in piezoelectric and electrostrictive applications. One of the most commonly used copolymers is P(VDF-trifluoroethylene), usually available in ratios of about 50:50 wt% and 65:35 wt% (equivalent to about 56:44 mol% and 70:30 mol%).Another one is P(VDF-tetrafluoroethylene).VDF has a glass transition temperature (T g) of about â35 Â° C and is typically 50â60% crystalline. To give the material its piezoelectric properties, it is mechanically stretched to orient the molecular chains and then poled under tension.