Rarely, proton pump inhibitors (such as omeprazole) have caused vitamin B-12 deficiency. The risk is increased if they are taken every day for a long time (3 years or longer). Tell your doctor right away if you develop symptoms of vitamin B-12 deficiency (such as unusual weakness, sore tongue, or numbness/tingling of the hands/feet).
Stability reliability refers to the consistency of students' scores when a test is administered to the same students on two different occasions. Alternate-form reliability describes the consistency of students' performances on two different (hopefully equivalent) versions of the same test.
The z-score, also known as standard score, is a measurement used in statistics. It is the measurement of the number of standard deviations a specific number is above or below a mean. The formula to calculate z-score is. z = (x - Î¼) / Ï. where. 1  z is the z-score, 2  x is the value to be standardized,3  Î¼ is the mean of the given set of data, 4  Ï is the standard deviation of the given set of data.t is the measurement of the number of standard deviations a specific number is above or below a mean. The formula to calculate z-score is. z = (x - Î¼) / Ï. where. 1  z is the z-score, 2  x is the value to be standardized, 3  Î¼ is the mean of the given set of data,