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Best Answer: An enlarged left atrium means simply that the atrium that pumps blood in the ventricle that pumps blood to the rest of the body is larger than it should be, the seriousness depends on the size of the enlargement, a small enlargement usually won't pose any noticable problems, however, a larger deviation from normal size can lead to problems ranging from electrical dissarray such as atrial fibrillation to stroke, due to blood pooling in the atrium.
During relaxation of the heart (diastole) the left ventricle of the heart fills with blood returning from the lungs. The left ventricle then contracts and pumps blood into the arteries (systole). The blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricle (systolic pressure) is higher because blood is being actively ejected into the arteries. It is lower during relaxation of the ventricle (diastolic pressure) when no blood is being ejected into the arteries.