Tumor markers are not always reliable for the following reasons: 1  Most tumor markers can be made by normal cells, as well as cancer cells. 2  Tumor markers can be associated with noncancerous conditions. 3  Tumor markers are not always present in early stage cancers. 4  People with cancer may never have elevated tumor markers.
The Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree program requires at least two years of specific undergraduate college study followed by four academic years (or three calendar years) of professional pharmacy study. Most students enter a pharmacy degree program after completion of three or more years of college.
There are no formal education requirements for becoming a pharmacy technician beyond a high school diploma. However, many employers prefer job applicants who have completed a formal training program. Pharmacy technician programs can be found at community colleges and vocational schools. Programs generally award a certificate or associate's degree and can last between one to two years. In these programs, students become familiar with medications, pharmacy procedures, pharmaceutical terminology and pharmacy law.