Half of all knee replacement patients in public hospitals are waiting more than six and a half months for surgery with one in eight waiting over 12 months. Medibankâs Health Cost and Utilisation report shows the average out of pocket expenses for a hip replacement was $1,144.
Obtain intravenous access, and give a 20 mL/kg isotonic fluid bolus (Ringer lactate or normal saline) to children with severe volume depletion. This should not delay transport to the appropriate facility. Reassessment of perfusion, cardiac function, mentation should take place after each intervention.
Some solutions contain fluid, electrolytes and some calories in the form of carbohydrates. The carbohydrate used is dextrose, which will be abbreviated as D. Fluid types and the abbreviations used for each inlcude: 1  5% dextrose in 0.45% saline: D half normal or D5 1/2NS.  5% dextrose in 0.9% saline: D5 normal or D5NS.