A voucher is a bond of the redeemable transaction type which is worth a certain monetary value and which may be spent only for specific reasons or on specific goods.
In 1985 a robot, the Unimation Puma 200, was used to place a needle for a brain biopsy using CT guidance. In 1992, the PROBOT, developed at Imperial College London, was used to perform prostatic surgery by Dr. Senthil Nathan at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London. This was the first pure robotic surgery in the world.
In 1996, Nash et al described the use of local anesthesia for prostate biopsy via a periprostatic block.However, until Soloway and Obek published a corroborating study in 2000,few urologists opted to change their prostate biopsy procedure.