Furnaces for steel tempering and quenching. When non-alloy steel is hardened, the work piece is at first heated to a temperature between 800C and 900C until, in case of steel with low carbon proportion, pure austenite is left. For alloyed steel, temperature can vary significantly. In order to avoid corrosion; exothermic gas can be used inside the furnace.
ESSEX Youth Exchange Program is also approved by U.S. Department of State (USDoS) and Department of Homeland Security. Cost Other exchange programs cost from $7000-10,000. It is estimated that if the student paid for all the expenses for a cultural/study year in another country it would cost up to $10,000, or more. So, essentially the Rotary Youth Exchange Program is a scholarship which covers the majority of the cost of a year living and studying abroad.
Nevertheless, at $220 per student, the national cost would be almost $2.8 billion. Of that amount, cost estimates suggest that $670 million ($53 per student) are direct costs with additional out-of-pocket expenses for training and materials. The direct costs come from State and local government coffers.or example, the All Stars program has a cost-benefit ratio of 34:1 (see Table 12), which means it returns $34 dollars in savings for every dollar invested, yielding net benefits of $4,670 per pupil ($4,810 in social cost savings minus $140 in program costs).