A voucher is a bond of the redeemable transaction type which is worth a certain monetary value and which may be spent only for specific reasons or on specific goods.
In 1985 a robot, the Unimation Puma 200, was used to place a needle for a brain biopsy using CT guidance. In 1992, the PROBOT, developed at Imperial College London, was used to perform prostatic surgery by Dr. Senthil Nathan at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London. This was the first pure robotic surgery in the world.
Open heart surgery dates back to the early 1950âs when Dr. John Lewis repaired an atrial septal defect (a hole between the top parts of the heart known as the atrium, a birth defect). He did this by cooling the 5 year old girlâs heart.