Half of all knee replacement patients in public hospitals are waiting more than six and a half months for surgery with one in eight waiting over 12 months. Medibankâs Health Cost and Utilisation report shows the average out of pocket expenses for a hip replacement was $1,144.
Obtain intravenous access, and give a 20 mL/kg isotonic fluid bolus (Ringer lactate or normal saline) to children with severe volume depletion. This should not delay transport to the appropriate facility. Reassessment of perfusion, cardiac function, mentation should take place after each intervention.
Let's look at sodium-containing fluids next. Salt of the earth. Sodium-containing fluids range from hypotonic (0.45% sodium chloride solution) to isotonic (0.9% sodium chloride solution) to hypertonic (5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride solution).Along with sodium, these fluids provide chloride and free water; some are available in combination with dextrose.odium-containing fluids range from hypotonic (0.45% sodium chloride solution) to isotonic (0.9% sodium chloride solution) to hypertonic (5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride solution).