calcium chloride (CaCl 2), a granular white chemical with an unpleasant taste. It is used in a concentrated solution of the chloride salt of calcium to replenish calcium in the blood and also has uses in cardiac resuscitation.
Neuropeptides are small protein-like molecules (peptides) used by neurons to communicate with each other. They are neuronal signaling molecules that influence the activity of the brain in specific ways.
The members of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family of biologically active peptides, NPY, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), are expressed by cell systems at distinct levels of the gutâbrain axis. Consisting of 36 amino acids, NPY, PYY and PP share the PP fold (hairpin fold) tertiary structural motif.n a traditional view, the gutâbrain axis uses 3 major information carriers for the communication between the gut and the brain (Fig. 1): neural messages carried by vagal and spinal afferent neurons, immune messages carried by cytokines, and endocrine messages carried by gut hormones.