A voucher is a bond of the redeemable transaction type which is worth a certain monetary value and which may be spent only for specific reasons or on specific goods.
In 1985 a robot, the Unimation Puma 200, was used to place a needle for a brain biopsy using CT guidance. In 1992, the PROBOT, developed at Imperial College London, was used to perform prostatic surgery by Dr. Senthil Nathan at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London. This was the first pure robotic surgery in the world.
Life expectancy after a heart transplant is 85%, the first year. About 95% of the patients who had the transplant, have a significant improvement in their quality of life too. The first historical heart transplant surgery to be performed in the United States was in January 1969.