A voucher is a bond of the redeemable transaction type which is worth a certain monetary value and which may be spent only for specific reasons or on specific goods.
In 1985 a robot, the Unimation Puma 200, was used to place a needle for a brain biopsy using CT guidance. In 1992, the PROBOT, developed at Imperial College London, was used to perform prostatic surgery by Dr. Senthil Nathan at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London. This was the first pure robotic surgery in the world.
Please read the FAQs on this topic before going through these Q&As. TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY: You performed a radical prostatectomy for me 13 years ago. My pre-operative PSA was 4.6, and my Gleason score was 7. The cancer was contained within the prostate. Since my radical prostatectomy, my PSA has always been less than 0.1. Over the past few years, my moods, energy, and lust for life have significantly diminished.