The Neolithic Transition. With the development of agriculture, humans began to radically transform. the environments in which they lived. A growing portion of humans became. sedentary cultivators who cleared the lands around their settlements and. controlled the plants that grew and the animals that grazed on them.
At common law, battery is the tort of intentionally (or, in Australia, negligently) and voluntarily bringing about an unconsented harmful or offensive contact with a person or to something closely associated with them (e.g. a hat, a purse). Unlike assault, battery involves an actual contact.
California defines battery under section 242 of Title 8, Chapter 9 of its Penal Code as any willful and unlawful use of force or violence upon the person of another. In general, under section 243, a battery is punishable by a fine of $2,000 USD and/or by imprisonment not exceeding six months.