In the hypothesis testing approach of Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson, a null hypothesis is contrasted with an alternative hypothesis, and the two hypotheses are distinguished on the basis of data, with certain error rates. Proponents of each approach criticize the other approach.
In geography, relief refers to the highest and lowest elevation points in an area. Mountains and ridges are typically the highest elevation points, while valleys and other low-lying areas are the lowest. Relief is essential to understanding the topography of an area.
Mountains are formed when there is movement in the Earth's crust. The collision of two plates causes the land to be pushed upwards, resulting in the formation of mountains. They may also be formed as a result of volcanic activity.The basic types of mountains are folded mountains, fault-block mountains, dome mountains and volcanic mountains.ountains are formed when there is movement in the Earth's crust. The collision of two plates causes the land to be pushed upwards, resulting in the formation of mountains. They may also be formed as a result of volcanic activity.