Overhead expenses, combined with direct material and direct labor expenses, form the three components to the cost of any product or service that a small business might offer.
In 1871, an era of political machines and patronage, Arthur was named to the powerful position of customs collector for the Port of New York. He later was removed from the job by President Rutherford Hayes (1822-1893) in an attempt to reform the spoils system. Elected to the vice presidency in 1880, Arthur became president after Garfield died following an assassination attempt by a disgruntled job seeker.
On a national scale, the spoils system was inaugurated with the development of two political parties, the Federalists and the Democratic Republicans, and was used by the earliest Presidents, particularly Thomas Jefferson.he spoils system has, however, continued for many federal offices and is even more prevalent in state and local governments. See A. A. Hoogenboom, Outlawing the Spoils (1968); W. d. Foulk, Fighting the Spoilsmen (1974). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright Â© 2012, Columbia University Press.