Glomerulonephritis is a type of kidney disease and causes swelling, abnormal urine, fever, achiness, and more. Gonorrhea is an sexually transmitted diseases and can cause painful urination and penile discharge. Interstitial cystitis is a condition that causes pain in the bladder or pelvic area, and frequent urination.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A futile cycle, also known as a substrate cycle, occurs when two metabolic pathways run simultaneously in opposite directions and have no overall effect other than to dissipate energy in the form of heat.
The University of California, San Diego Medical Center, for example, defines a treatment as futile when it has no realistic chance of providing a benefit that the patient would ever have the capacity to perceive and appreciate, such as merely preserving the physiologic functions of a permanently unconscious patient, or has no realistic chance of achieving the medical goal of returning the patient to a level of health that permits survival outside the acute care setting.