(February 2009). An episiotomy (/ÉËpiËziËËÉtÉmiË/ or /ÉËpÉsaÉªËÉtÉmiË/), also known as perineotomy, is a surgical incision of the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall generally done by a midwife or obstetrician during second stage of labor to quickly enlarge the opening for the baby to pass through.
Hyperreflexia. Hyperreflexia is defined as overactive or overresponsive reflexes. Examples of this can include twitching or spastic tendencies, which are indicative of upper motor neuron disease as well as the lessening or loss of control ordinarily exerted by higher brain centers of lower neural pathways.See Autonomic dysreflexia.xamples of this can include twitching or spastic tendencies, which are indicative of upper motor neuron disease as well as the lessening or loss of control ordinarily exerted by higher brain centers of lower neural pathways.
Detrusor hyperreflexia occurs when there is a neurological cause for involuntary bladder contractions. Spasms result from damage to the spinal cord and nervous system.Reasons for hyperreflexia instability include:â¢ Spina bifida (a birth defect of the spinal column).â¢ Multiple sclerosis (a neurologoic disorder).etrusor hyperreflexia occurs when there is a neurological cause for involuntary bladder contractions. Spasms result from damage to the spinal cord and nervous system. Reasons for hyperreflexia instability include: â¢ Spina bifida (a birth defect of the spinal column). â¢ Multiple sclerosis (a neurologoic disorder).