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Recumbent bikes, in particular, are an excellent option for those with low back pain as the bike provides added support for the back. Recumbent bikes are also good for those who are new to cycling. The bottom line: a recumbent bike can provide a cardiovascular workout for users of virtually all ability levels.
As long as you maintain proper form on the bike, you'll tone your body from your core to your calves. The muscles you work the most when riding an exercise bike are the quadriceps and hamstrings. Your quads are the main driving force on the downward pedal stroke, while your hamstrings work on the upward pedal stroke.