Fear of the unknown. Fear of the unknown or irrational fear is caused by negative thinking (worry) which arises from anxiety accompanied with a subjective sense of apprehension or dread. Irrational fear like any other fears share common neural pathway that engages to mobilize bodily resources in the face of threat.
CITI Refresher. In order to maintain CITI certification, everyone is required to complete the CITI Refresher course every three (3) years after initial certification is obtained. Completion of the refresher modules can usually be completed in less than two hours. New employees must complete the required modules and obtain CITI certification within 90 days from date of hire. 2  Members of the human subject research team, including the Principal Investigator (PI), must have current certification.
ACE-certified professionals, who have done their due diligence and earned the required 2.0 CECs during the two-year period after earning their certifications, can renew for another two years. Returning to the example above, the certification would be renewed for two years from July 1, 2009 until June 30, 2011.