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Pancreas The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum, the first segment of the small intestine. These enzymes break down protein, fats, and carbohydrates. The pancreas also makes insulin, secreting it directly into the bloodstream. Insulin is the chief hormone for metabolizing sugar.
Figure 26-1 shows the major organs of the digestive system. Table 26-1 summarizes the structures making up the digestive system. The main function of the overall digestive system (Box 26-1) is to break down food into simpler forms that the circulatory vessels can carry and pass through the cell membranes to the cells. The cells then use these food molecules or nutrients for energy and to build, maintain, and repair body tissues.