Swelling of the ankle and feet is relatively frequent symptom in most people. In itself it does not represent a disease but rather the symptom of an underlying disease. 1  Causes of swollen ankles and feet are numerous including:  Dependent swelling (edema)
Report Abuse. POPULATION PARAMETER(p) is a value used to represent a certain QUANTIFIABLE characteristic of a population. This is like the mean or variance of a population and often these values are unknown, and are estimated using sample data.
In population ecology: Factors affecting population fluctuation â¦of populations into density-dependent and density-independent factors. Density-independent factors, such as weather and climate, exert their influences on population size regardless of the populationâs density. In contrast, the effects of density-dependent factors intensify as the population increases in size.