Inhibition of Adenylate Cyclase: The muscarinic receptor, through interaction with an inhibitory GTP-binding protein, acts to inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Reduced cAMP production leads to reduced activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, reduced heart rate, and contraction strength.
In someone suffering with scleroderma, collagen (a protein manufactured by the connective tissues of the body) is produced in excess. This over-production of collagen can be likened to the process of scarring, which is the way the body heals a wound. For persons with scleroderma, the scarring gets out of hand.
Cortisone Injection Side Effects. Both localized atrophy of the subcutaneous tissues and discoloration are well known side effects of cortisone injections. Sometimes these are the desired effects of the injection, as when we inject steroids around nerve entrapments, with the intent that the atrophy will decrease the pressure on the nerve.