Overhead expenses, combined with direct material and direct labor expenses, form the three components to the cost of any product or service that a small business might offer.
In 1871, an era of political machines and patronage, Arthur was named to the powerful position of customs collector for the Port of New York. He later was removed from the job by President Rutherford Hayes (1822-1893) in an attempt to reform the spoils system. Elected to the vice presidency in 1880, Arthur became president after Garfield died following an assassination attempt by a disgruntled job seeker.
The postal system was most affected by Jackson's spoils system. A total of 423 post masters were replaced by political supporters, many of whom had no relevant training for the positions. Jackson was not the only president to use the spoils system. Many presidents who succeeded him used the system, but to a lesser extent.