1 Injection/manipulation : This can be useful in the early stages of arthritis. The effects are often temporary. 2  Arthroscopic debridement: A minimally invasive technique, generally for patients with moderately severe symptoms but lesser degrees of x-ray changes.  Open debridement: See below.
Cairo, Illinois. Cairo (generally pronounced /ËkÉroÊ/ CARE-o by natives, and /ËkeÉªroÊ/ KAY-ro by others) is the southernmost city in the U.S. state of Illinois, and is the county seat of Alexander County. Cairo is located at the confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. The rivers converge at Fort Defiance, a Civil War camp that was built in 1862 by Union General Ulysses S. Grant. Cairo has the lowest elevation of any location in Illinois and is the only Illinois city surrounded by levees.
Vandalia is a city in Fayette County, Illinois, United States, 69 miles (111 km) northeast of St. Louis, on the Kaskaskia River. From 1819 to 1839 it served as the state capital of Illinois. Vandalia was for years the western terminus of the National Road. Today it is the county seat of Fayette County and the home of the Vandalia State House State Historic Site (1836). The population was 6,975 at the 2000 census.