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Colors of Mucus (Phlegm, Sputum). Phlegm may be clear (white), yellow/green, brown, grey, black, pink, orange, containing red streaks, or frothy. Phlegm is mucus (sputum) coughed up from the chest. It reveals inflammation in the respiratory organs below the vocal cords (voice box, windpipe, bronchi and lungs). From the color and density of phlegm, and accompanying symptoms, its cause may be suspected.
A sputum culture is done to: 1  Find and identify bacteria or fungi that are causing an infection (such as pneumonia or tuberculosis) of the lungs or the airways leading to the lungs. 2  Identify the best antibiotic to treat the infection (sensitivity testing). 3  Monitor treatment of an infection. sample of sputum is placed in a container with substances that promote the growth of bacteria or fungi. If no bacteria or fungi grow, the culture is negative. If organisms that can cause infection grow, the culture is positive.