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A mathematical model that uses financial ratios and eight variables to identify whether a company has manipulated its earnings. The variables are constructed from the data in the company's financial statements and, once calculated, create an M-Score to describe the degree to which the earnings have been manipulated.
Standard scores are scores calculated in a standard, or expected way. The mean on a test is the average score achieved by the subjects in the normalization study. IQ scores are standard scores calculated such that the mean is 100, and the standard deviation (a measure of difference from the norm) is 15 points.