PRODUCT DESIGN. Product design is cross-functional, knowledge-intensive work that has become increasingly important in today's fast-paced, globally competitive environment. It is a key strategic activity in many firms because new products contribute significantly to sales revenue.
Covalent bonds form when two atoms have a very small (nearly insignificant) difference in electronegativity. The value of difference in electronegativity between two atoms in a covalent bond is less than 1.7.Covalent bonds often form between similar atoms, nonmetal to nonmetal or metal to metal. Covalent bonding signals a complete sharing of electrons.olar Covalent Bonds. Polar covalent bonds fall between ionic and covalent bonds. They result when two elements bond with a moderate difference in electronegativity moderately to greatly, but they do not surpass 1.7 in electronegativity difference.
Unlike ionic bonding, covalent bonding may have single, double bonds or triple bonds between two atoms. These bonds are formed in such a way that the two atoms obey the octet rule. The bond occurs via the overlapping of atomic orbitals. A single bond is formed when two electrons are shared. A double bond is formed when four electrons are shared. Sharing of six electrons may result in a triple bond. The characteristics of compounds with covalent bonds include strong bonding between two atoms due to similar electronegativity values.