Following are the types of sales people in organizations: 1  The Diplomat As the name suggests, a diplomat is one who always tries to play a safe game. 2  The Rejection Dreader Such sales professionals fear rejections and failures at work.
A phosphodiester bond occurs when exactly two of the hydroxyl groups in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds. Phosphodiester bonds are central to all life on Earth, as they make up the backbone of the strands of nucleic acid. In DNA and RNA, the phosphodiester bond is the linkage between the 3' carbon atom of one sugar molecule and the 5' carbon atom of another, deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA. Strong covalent bonds form between the phosphate group and two 5-carbon ring carbohydrates (pentoses) over two ester bonds. The phosphate groups in the phosphodiester bond are negatively charged. Because the phosphate groups have a pKa near 0, they are negatively charged at pH 7.
This leaves a gap between the 3â²-end of the newly synthesized DNA and the 5â²-end of the DNA previously synthesized by Pol III. The gap is filled by DNA ligase, an enzyme that makes a covalent bond between a 5â²-phosphate and a 3â²-hydroxyl group (Figure 3).rrors occur in DNA replication, when the incorrect base is incorporated into the growing DNA strand. This leads to mismatched base pairs, or mispairs. DNA polymerases have proofreading activity, and a DNA repair enzymes have evolved to correct these mistakes.