Actinic keratoses that develop on the lips are referred to as actinic cheilitis. The clinical appearance of an actinic keratosis is that of a small (several millimeters), red scaly papule or plaque, with induration and thickening of the epidermis.
1 Location: Ideally, the probe should be in close proximity to the forward or reverse primer, but should not overlap with a primer-binding site on the same strand. 2  Probes can be designed to bind to either strand of the target. 3  Melting temperature (Tm): Preferably, probes should have a Tm 6â8Â°C higher than the primers.
A forward selection system would detect any mutation that inactivates the particular gene. There must be a selection for loss-of-function of this gene. Forward mutation selections can therefore detect a wide variety of mutations including missense, nonsense, frameshift, deletion and insertion mutations. Forward mutation rates, for this reason, are much higher than reverse mutation rates described below.