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The Probable Cause Exception. Police may search a vehicle if there is probable cause to believe that the car contains evidence of criminal activity. For example, if a car interior smells like marijuana, the police can search the vehicle. Under this exception, the police can search the car trunk or containers where contraband could be found.
Common exceptions to the warrant requirement include: 1  Consent. Police may conduct a search without a search warrant if they obtain consent. 2  Plain View. An officer may seize evidence without a warrant if an officer is on the premises lawfully and the evidence is found in plain view. 3  Search incident to arrest.