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nodule - (mineralogy) a small rounded lump of mineral substance (usually harder than the surrounding rock or sediment) mineralogy - the branch of geology that studies minerals: their structure and properties and the ways of distinguishing them.
A thyroid nodule is simply a lump or mass in the thyroid gland. Thyroid nodules are relatively common; 6% of adult women and 2% of adult men in the U.S. have a thyroid nodule that can be felt on examination. Goiter can be the result of thyroid tumors, which are usually benign, but sometimes malignant. 2  Most thyroid tumors present as discrete nodules, but there are several kinds of thyroid cancer that can cause generalized swelling of the gland.