Signs and symptoms of an effusion vary depending on the underlying disease, but dyspnea, cough, and pleuritic chest pain are common. Chest examination of a patient with pleural effusion is notable for dullness to percussion, decreased or absent tactile fremitus, decreased breath sounds, and no voice transmission.
Medical Definition of velamentous insertion. : attachment of the umbilical cord to the chorion beyond the margin of the placenta.
Hemivertebrae are a congenital deformity whereby parts of the vertebrae do not develop correctly, resulting in wedge shapes. As these wedged vertebrae line up, the spine may form one of three conditions: lordosis, a curvature in the lower back; kyphosis, a posterior curvature; or scoliosis, a lateral curvature. In many breeds, such as pugs, hemivertebrae development is encouraged, as it is responsible for the screw tail.