Germany became a modern, unified nation under the leadership of the âIron Chancellorâ Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898), who between 1862 and 1890 effectively ruled first Prussia and then all of Germany.
Laser effects on the skin. Thermal (burn) injury is the most common cause of laser induced skin damage. Thermal damage is generally associated with lasers operating at exposure times greater than 10 microseconds and in the wavelength region from the near ultraviolet to the far infrared.
The effect of laser radiation will vary with the wavelength and part of the eye it interacts with. In addition biological effects from direct exposure and diffuse reflection exposure will differ. The anatomy of the eye and skin will be explained and issues associated with biological effects.