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The Probable Cause Exception. Police may search a vehicle if there is probable cause to believe that the car contains evidence of criminal activity. For example, if a car interior smells like marijuana, the police can search the vehicle. Under this exception, the police can search the car trunk or containers where contraband could be found.
There are three basic ways in which an officer has the authority to conduct vehicle searches after a traffic stop. The first is consent. Most often if a police officer wants to search your car, he will ask you if it's okay. There is no obligation to say yes.