Summary Each blood product transfused carries a small risk of an acute or late adverse effect. Medical officers prescribing transfusion should carefully select patients who will benefit from transfusion therapy according to established criteria. The indication for transfusion should be documented in the medical record.
Cloudy urine can be caused by a variety of conditions, including vaginal discharge, sexually transmitted diseases, dehydration, certain autoimmune disorders, as well as infection, inflammation, or other conditions of the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra).
Cloudy urine often is a result of precipitated phosphate crystals in alkaline urine, but pyuria also can be the cause. A strong odor may be the result of a concentrated specimen rather than a urinary tract infection. Dipstick urinalysis is convenient, but false-positive and false-negative results can occur. Specific gravity provides a reliable assessment of the patientâs hydration status.