any-to-any architecture that has virtual connections in a switched environment. AT&T defines VPLS as any-to-any Ethernet that can be either metro or long haul. Since Ethernet is an integral part of VPLS, it is important to understand how Ethernet works and can be used within an enterprise network. Ethernet
HIV in America: New York City Was First 'Hub'. Also, the surprising true story of 'Patient Zero'. MedpageToday. The virus that eventually brought HIV/AIDS to light probably arrived in the U.S. in 1970 or 1971, immigrating from Africa though Haiti, researchers said.
Ever since HIV-1 was first discovered, the reasons for its sudden emergence, epidemic spread, and unique pathogenicity have been a subject of intense study. A first clue came in 1986 when a morphologically similar but antigenically distinct virus was found to cause AIDS in patients in western Africa (Clavel et al.cquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) of humans is caused by two lentiviruses, human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Here, we describe the origins and evolution of these viruses, and the circumstances that led to the AIDS pandemic.