There is a huge difference in the replacement cost of the grinder pumps, which can have a $2,000.00 to $3,000.00 retail price depending upon installation and labor. The replacement cost of a sewage pump could be in the $400.00 to $600.00 price range depending upon installation and labor.
Universal Systems Model. The Universal Systems Model is a model that is used to evaluate systems. All technological systems can be described with the Universal Systems Model, and the five elements that define this model are: Goals, Inputs, Processes, Outputs, and Feedback. The goal is what you want to accomplish.
Lesson Summary. Systems theory is one of the dominant organizational theories in management today. It treats an organization as either an open or closed system. A system is a set of distinct parts that form a complex whole. A closed system is not affected by its environment, while an open system is. An open system consists of inputs, throughputs, and outputs. Feedback loops are also a part of an open system.