Secondary stress. A secondary stress is any stress in the structure which is not a primary stress or peak stress. Source: API SPEC 16R, Specification for Marine Drilling Riser Couplings, Exploration and Production Department, First Edition, January 1997. Global Standards.
Two groups of ground nesting bees commonly. found in Michigan are bumble bees and. burrower (andrenid) bees. Bumble bees are. easily recognized by their large, robust, hairy, black and yellow (sometimes orange) bodies. Bumble bees live in colonies of several. hundred individuals, but only the queens.
As one of the larger of the wasp species, these flying pests may seem quite threatening at first glance. There are many different subspecies, and with those come different appearances. The most common of the digger wasps are the great golden digger wasp and the blue digger wasp. The great golden digger has a bee-like appearance with gold or amber stripes along its thin torso, while the blue digger has a similar body type but a blue-metallic sheen.