Authoritarian regimes are also sometimes subcategorized by whether they are personalistic or populist. Personalistic authoritarian regimes are characterized by arbitrary rule and authority exercised mainly through patronage networks and coercion rather than through institutitions and formal rules..
Fluid accumulation is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in the middle ear, especially in children. Major causes are ear infections or conditions that block the eustachian tube, such as allergies or tumors.
Noise- and age-related hearing loss usually affect the part of the inner ear that converts sound waves into nerve signals. Called sensorineural hearing loss, the problem typically causes a loss of hearing at higher frequencies, including sounds associated with human speech. Conductive hearing loss, by contrast, is more common in people under 40 and occurs when the outer ear or middle ear is blocked.