Secondary stress. A secondary stress is any stress in the structure which is not a primary stress or peak stress. Source: API SPEC 16R, Specification for Marine Drilling Riser Couplings, Exploration and Production Department, First Edition, January 1997. Global Standards.
Two groups of ground nesting bees commonly. found in Michigan are bumble bees and. burrower (andrenid) bees. Bumble bees are. easily recognized by their large, robust, hairy, black and yellow (sometimes orange) bodies. Bumble bees live in colonies of several. hundred individuals, but only the queens.
Honey bees and bumble bees are two commonly observed bees in the upper Midwest. Like social wasps, a colony will consist of many individual bees working together. Wasps and bees are beneficial insects. Bees are particularly valuable because of their role in plant pollination, including many agricultural crops.