The greatest problems arise when defense mechanisms are overused in order to avoid dealing with problems. In psychoanalytic therapy, the goal may be to help the client uncover these unconscious defense mechanisms and find better, healthier ways of coping with anxiety and distress. Sigmund Freud's daughter, Anna Freud described ten different defense mechanisms used by the ego.
Speaking roughly, normal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are in the range of 0.4 to 4.0 mIU/L. However, each laboratory and test manufacturer identifies its own normal TSH range. This is based on the test, the equipment being used, and the patients being tested.
Normal and Abnormal Test Results. Although various professional health bodies have specified the normal range for TSH to be 0.4 - 4.5 mIU/L in the past, new regulations recognize that this range is too wide. Currently, the standard reference range for TSH is 0.4 - 3.0 mIU/L. However, clinical data show that 95% of euthyroid patients fall in the range 0.4 - 2.5 mIU/L. In addition, adults with TSH levels over 2.0 mIU/L are likely to develop hypothyroidism later in life. Therefore, the ideal range of TSH is 0.4 - 2.0 mIU/L. Children, generally, have higher TSH levels than adult. The National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry recommends 1.3 - 19 mUI/L for newborns. These values drop with age and by the first year, TSH level for an infant should be between 0.4 mIU/L and 7 mIU/L.