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Thoracentesis is a procedure to remove fluid from the space between the lungs and the chest wall called the pleural space. It is done with a needle (and sometimes a plastic catheter) inserted through the chest wall. Ultrasound pictures are often used to guide the placement of the needle. This pleural fluid may be sent to a lab to determine what may be causing the fluid to build up in the pleural space.
A thoracentesis should be performed cranial to the rib, as the blood vessels and nerves lie caudal to the rib (âhidingâ behind the rib). Thoracentesis should be performed at the 7th to 9th intercostal space (ICS; Figure 2) to avoid the heart (3thâ5th ICS) or liver (caudal to the 9th ICS).