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1. In some cases, the cofactor completes the active site of the enzyme or modifies it in such a manner that substrate binding can ensue. 2. The cofactor acts as a donor of electrons or atoms to the substrate and following the reaction is returned to its former state.
The first type of enzyme partner is a group called cofactors, or molecules that increase the rate of reaction or are required for enzyme function. Cofactors are not proteins but rather help proteins, such as enzymes, although they can also help non-enzyme proteins as well.