Secondary stress. A secondary stress is any stress in the structure which is not a primary stress or peak stress. Source: API SPEC 16R, Specification for Marine Drilling Riser Couplings, Exploration and Production Department, First Edition, January 1997. Global Standards.
Digger bees are sometimes classified in the family Anthophoridae along with the carpenter bees. These hairy bees range from 5 to 25 mm in length and, like other members of this family, the females use scopae (stiff hairs) to carry pollen. Most species nest in the ground or in vertical banks, often in sandy soil. Some species waterproof their brood cells with secreted waxy or oily material.
Most carpenter bees are large and robust, usually one inch long. They have some yellow hair, but not on the abdomen like bumblebees. Bees are helpful to DeKalb County farmers and gardeners. They pollinate many different kinds of crops and home gardens, resulting in a good harvest.However, some types of bees, especially the carpenter bee, can be helpful and also cause damage to wooden structures.They resemble bumblebees, but their abdomens are blue-black, shiny and smooth while the bumblebees are yellow and black or black with fine hair.ees are helpful to DeKalb County farmers and gardeners. They pollinate many different kinds of crops and home gardens, resulting in a good harvest.