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is equivalent to a pure resistance. (E5C12) '''The coordinate system that is often used to display the resistive, inductive, and/or capacitive reactance components of an impedance is rectangular coordinates.''' (E5C13) The coordinate system that is often used to display the phase angle of a circuit containing resistance, inductive and/or capacitive reactance is polar coordinates. (E5C14)
For example, in the case of a current or a vector phasor, the projection of the phasor on the vertical axis, given by vmsinÏt and imsinÏt respectively, gives the value of the current or the voltage at that instant. From the phasor diagram it is easy to detect that one of two quantities are in the same phase. For example, if for a given circuit, the phasors for the voltage and the current are in the same direction for all instances, the phase angle between the voltage and the current is zero.