Secondary stress. A secondary stress is any stress in the structure which is not a primary stress or peak stress. Source: API SPEC 16R, Specification for Marine Drilling Riser Couplings, Exploration and Production Department, First Edition, January 1997. Global Standards.
Two groups of ground nesting bees commonly. found in Michigan are bumble bees and. burrower (andrenid) bees. Bumble bees are. easily recognized by their large, robust, hairy, black and yellow (sometimes orange) bodies. Bumble bees live in colonies of several. hundred individuals, but only the queens.
Honey bees are not native to the U.S., but were brought over by Europeans in the 17th century. Bumble bees (Bombus spp.) Family: Apidae. Robust, hairy bees; black body covered with black, yellow, brownish or orange hair bands; pollen baskets on hind legs; 10-28 mm. Social colonies; nest underground, usually haired, cylindrical abdomen.