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The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean or a lake, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. Organisms living in this zone are called benthos, e.g. the benthic invertebrate community, including crustaceans and polychaetes. The organisms generally live in close relationship with the substrate bottom and many are permanently attached to the bottom.
The ecology of the abyssal benthos features very slow rates of decay, slow metabolism in all animals, which translates into slow growth, slow reproduction, and very long life. Many kinds of animals have succeeded in adapting to these conditions.Some are bottom-feeding, or demersal fish.Many live on the seafloor surface, and either eat each other or live on the very slim pickings that slowly fall down from the surface--dead plankton, dead algae, mostly microscopic. Many meiofauna do well by eating protozoans, which in turn eat bacteria.Most abyssal animals are hungry.he ecology of the abyssal benthos features very slow rates of decay, slow metabolism in all animals, which translates into slow growth, slow reproduction, and very long life. Many kinds of animals have succeeded in adapting to these conditions.