Weak respiratory muscles may suddenly fatigue, producing precipitous respiratory collapse. Elective intubation is preferable to emergency intubation or respiratory arrest. The standard 20/30 rule (FVC less than 20 ml/kg or NIF less than 30 cmH20) are the best indicators of the need for ventilator support.
Imminent lawless action is a term used in the United States Supreme Court case Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) to define the limits of constitutionally protected speech. The decision overturned the decision of the earlier Schenck v. United States (1919), which had established clear and present danger as the constitutional limit for speech.
Hopwood v. Texas, 78 F.3d 932, was the first successful legal challenge to a university's affirmative action policy in student admissions since Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. In Hopwood, four white plaintiffs who had been rejected from University of Texas at Austin's School of Law challenged the institution's admissions policy on equal protection grounds and prevailed. After seven years as a precedent in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, the Hopwood decision was abrogated by the U.S. Supreme Court in 2003.