Secondary stress. A secondary stress is any stress in the structure which is not a primary stress or peak stress. Source: API SPEC 16R, Specification for Marine Drilling Riser Couplings, Exploration and Production Department, First Edition, January 1997. Global Standards.
Two groups of ground nesting bees commonly. found in Michigan are bumble bees and. burrower (andrenid) bees. Bumble bees are. easily recognized by their large, robust, hairy, black and yellow (sometimes orange) bodies. Bumble bees live in colonies of several. hundred individuals, but only the queens.
While bees have robust, hairy bodies with flat rear legs, wasps' bodies are slender with a narrow waist connecting the thorax and abdomen. (The thorax and abdomen are the names given to an insect's mid and rear segments.) In addition, wasps appear smooth and shiny and have slender legs shaped like cylinders.