Secondary stress. A secondary stress is any stress in the structure which is not a primary stress or peak stress. Source: API SPEC 16R, Specification for Marine Drilling Riser Couplings, Exploration and Production Department, First Edition, January 1997. Global Standards.
Digger bees are sometimes classified in the family Anthophoridae along with the carpenter bees. These hairy bees range from 5 to 25 mm in length and, like other members of this family, the females use scopae (stiff hairs) to carry pollen. Most species nest in the ground or in vertical banks, often in sandy soil. Some species waterproof their brood cells with secreted waxy or oily material.
...There are Blue, Red, and Green Bees. 1  I like bees. 2  The Blue Orchard Mason Bee (Osmia lignaria) is found in the northern range of the Rocky Mountains mainly in British Colombia. 3  Red bees (Osmia rufa) are very similar to the blue bee in how they forage, nest, and sting (except the male has no stinger). When laying eggs the male larvae are placed closer to the nest's opening so they emerge first. They are found in parts of the UK, Scandinavia, mainland Europe, and parts of the Middle East.