According to Beatty (1986), population genetics defines the core of the modern synthesis. In the first few decades of the 20th century, most field naturalists continued to believe that Lamarckian and orthogenic mechanisms of evolution provided the best explanation for the complexity they observed in the living world.
The Netherlands has been a constitutional monarchy since 1815 and a parliamentary democracy since 1848. Previously, it was a republic from 1581 to 1806, and a kingdom between 1806 and 1810 (it was part of France between 1810 and 1813).
This is what distinguishes it from a democracy-a republic can be a democracy or an oligarchy. So every democracy is a republic, but not every republic is a democracy. For example, the United States is both a democracy and a republic.Some countries are republics, but are not considered democracies. Examples include Nazi Germany, the People's Republic of China, the Democratic People's Republic of [North] Korea, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.ames Madison defined republic in terms of  representative democracy as opposed to direct democracy.)    A direct democracy, or  pure democracy, is where the people rule directly, voting on  every law themselves. It's a form of government ruled by majority  of every individual.