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Thoracentesis is a procedure to remove fluid from the space between the lungs and the chest wall called the pleural space. It is done with a needle (and sometimes a plastic catheter) inserted through the chest wall. Ultrasound pictures are often used to guide the placement of the needle. This pleural fluid may be sent to a lab to determine what may be causing the fluid to build up in the pleural space.
Removing the fluid (thoracentesis) may be done if there is a lot of fluid and it is causing chest pressure, shortness of breath, or other breathing problems, such as a low oxygen level. Removing the fluid allows the lung to expand, making breathing easier. The cause of the fluid buildup must also be treated. If it is due to congestive heart failure, you may receive diuretics (water pills) and other medications to treat heart failure. Pleural effusion caused by infection is treated with antibiotics.