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Of the 650 species of leech listed, Hirudo medicinalis is one of the most extensively studied. This annelid from the subclass Hirudinea has 2 suckers, one housing the mouth and its 3 jaws. It lives mainly in the stagnant waters of marshes and ponds. When it comes to reproduction, the animal is a hermaphrodite. Inseminated leeches lay their eggs during the spring and summer months, outside the water, with cocoons containing as many as thirty young.
There are three forms of vWD: hereditary, acquired, and pseudo or platelet type. There are three types of hereditary vWD: vWD type 1, vWD type 2, and vWD type 3. Within the three inherited types of vWD there are various subtypes. Platelet type vWD is also an inherited condition. vWD type 1 is the most common type of the disorder and those that have it are typically asymptomatic or may experience mild symptoms such as nosebleeds although there may be severe symptoms in some cases.