Secondary stress. A secondary stress is any stress in the structure which is not a primary stress or peak stress. Source: API SPEC 16R, Specification for Marine Drilling Riser Couplings, Exploration and Production Department, First Edition, January 1997. Global Standards.
Two groups of ground nesting bees commonly. found in Michigan are bumble bees and. burrower (andrenid) bees. Bumble bees are. easily recognized by their large, robust, hairy, black and yellow (sometimes orange) bodies. Bumble bees live in colonies of several. hundred individuals, but only the queens.
Mining, or digger bees nest in burrows in the ground. Unlike the. honey bee, mining bees are âsolitaryâ bees. They do not form. long-lived colonies, or live inside a single, well-defended nest. controlled by one queen bee. Instead, each mining bee female. usually digs her own individual burrow to rear her own young.