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is equivalent to a pure resistance. (E5C12) '''The coordinate system that is often used to display the resistive, inductive, and/or capacitive reactance components of an impedance is rectangular coordinates.''' (E5C13) The coordinate system that is often used to display the phase angle of a circuit containing resistance, inductive and/or capacitive reactance is polar coordinates. (E5C14)
In DC circuits the linear ratio of voltage to current in a resistor is called its resistance. However, in AC circuits this ratio of voltage to current depends upon the frequency and phase difference or phase angle ( Ï ) of the supply. So when using resistors in AC circuits the term Impedance, symbol Z is the generally used and we can say that DC resistance = AC impedance, R = Z.