A writ of certiorari is an order a higher court issues in order to review the decision and proceedings in a lower court and determine whether there were any irregularities.
Immediate, early, or delayed acute pulmonary edema (associated with papillary muscle rupture), congestive heart failure (CHF; associated with ventricular septal rupture), and hypotension (associated with free-wall rupture) are the cardinal manifestations of myocardial rupture following blunt chest trauma.
In as many as 30% of cases, the rupture involves more than 1 chamber. Delayed myocardial rupture has been reported as a result of cardiac contusion. Acute mitral or tricuspid regurgitation, VSD, or pericardial tamponade may result from myocardial rupture secondary to blunt cardiac trauma. Penetrating myocardial injury occurs most commonly as a result of stab or gunshot wounds (see the image below).