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Glucose on the sugar side chains of proteins keeps unfolded proteins in the ER. Mannoses on sugar side chains act as a timer for protein folding. Unfolded proteins in the ER are threaded through a retrotranslocon into the cytosol where they are ubiquitylated and digested. IRE1, ATF6 and PERK sense the amount of unfolded protein and generates several responses to reduce the effects and amount of unfolded protein.
Transport Proteins. Transport proteins, the final type of integral protein, extend through the membrane and transport materials in and out of the cell. Some transport proteins actively move materials in and out of the cell, while other simply provide an opening for materials to passively move.hospholipids make up the membrane and create the barrier between the cell's contents and area outside the cell. Two types of proteins are found in the cell membrane: integral and peripheral proteins.