Atropine degrades slowly, typically wearing off in 7 to 14 days, so it is generally used as a therapeutic mydriatic, whereas tropicamide (a shorter-acting cholinergic antagonist) or phenylephrine (an Î±-adrenergic agonist) is preferred as an aid to ophthalmic examination.
Read More. The normal ammonia range is 10â47 Î¼mol/L. High ammonia levels and signs of hepatic encephalopathy is a worsening of brain function that occurs when the liver is no longer able to remove toxic substances in the blood due to cirrhosis. Symptoms may be mild at first.
Ammonia is a normal constituent of all body fluids. At physiologic pH, it exists mainly as ammonium ion. Reference serum levels are less than 35 Âµmol/L. Excess ammonia is excreted as urea, which is synthesized in the liver through the urea cycle.