An employee by the name of Willie Griggs decided to file a lawsuit on behalf of himself and twelve other employees against Duke Power Company. Griggs' claim was that the diploma requirements and the intelligence tests were used as an intent to discriminate against black employees and were against the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Ammonia solutions are used to clean, bleach, and deodorize; to etch aluminum; to saponify (hydolyze) oils and fats; and in chemical manufacture. The ammonia sold for household use is a dilute water solution of ammonia in which ammonium hydroxide is the active cleansing agent.
One such form is ammonia (NH3). Ammonia may be taken up by plants or oxidized by bacteria into nitrate (NO3-) or nitrite (NO2). Ammonia (NH3+) is a colorless gas with a strong pungent odor. Ammonia will react with water to form a weak base. The term ammonia refers to two chemical species which are in equilibrium in water (NH3, un-ionized and NH4+, ionized). Tests for ammonia usually measure total ammonia (NH3 plus NH4+).