At the time the Eighth Amendment was adopted, the Court noted, ``the word `fine' was understood to mean a payment to a sovereign as punishment for some offense.''\33\ The Eighth Amendment itself, as were antecedents of the Clause in the Virginia Declaration of Rights and in the English Bill of Rights of 1689, ``clearly was adopted with the particular intent of placing limits on the powers of the new government.''\34\ Therefore, while leaving open the issues of whether the Clause ...
A reserve of money set aside, especially for a specific purpose. Generally speaking, a nest egg refers to savings for a major expense, such as retirement. However, it may also refer to smaller expenses that nonetheless require savings. Examples of the latter include nest eggs for vacations or down payments for a house.
There are different ways to refer to young birds. One way is by their age. A hatchling is a baby bird that has only recently hatched, and has little or no body covering.A nestling refers to a baby bird that is several days old and is covered with down. Fledgling is the term given to a young bird that is still in the nest, but which has grown most of its flight feathers.It is on the verge of leaving the nest.Often the next stage is juvenile, which is in between the stage of having left the nest, but is not yet a mature adult. hatchling is a baby bird that has only recently hatched, and has little or no body covering. A nestling refers to a baby bird that is several days old and is covered with down. Fledgling is the term given to a young bird that is still in the nest, but which has grown most of its flight feathers.