Oral polio vaccine (OPV) is an attenuated vaccine, produced by the passage of the virus through non-human cells at a sub-physiological temperature, which produces spontaneous mutations in the viral genome. Oral polio vaccines were developed by several groups, one of which was led by Albert Sabin.
What is the OAT? The Optometry Admission Test (OAT) is a standardized examination. It is designed to measure the academic ability and comprehension of scientific information. The OAT is sponsored by the Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry (ASCO) for applicants seeking admission to an optometry program.
Presumptive blood tests cannot determine the origin of the blood, it can only determine if the stain is most likely blood or not blood. If you get a positive result from a presumptive test and the stain appears to have the appearance of blood (i.e. red/brown) then there is another test called the ABA Hematrace test that can easily and rapidly determine whether or not the presumptive blood is of human origin.