1 Linear transformations are some combination of the âscaleâ, ârotateâ, âshearâ, and âflipâ tools in Photoshop.  The determinant of a linear transformation is the factor by which the transformation changes the area.
Most social scientists follow these basic steps when conducting research. Sociologists also integrate some different designs and methods to study society and social behavior. Most sociological research involves ethnography, or field work designed to depict the characteristics of a a population as fully as possible. Three popular social research designs (models) are:
Survey Sampling Methods. It is incumbent on the researcher to clearly define the target population. There are no strict rules to follow, and the researcher must rely on logic and judgment. The population is defined in keeping with the objectives of the study. Sometimes, the entire population will be sufficiently small, and the researcher can include the entire population in the study. This type of research is called a census study because data is gathered on every member of the population. Usually, the population is too large for the researcher to attempt to survey all of its members. A small, but carefully chosen sample can be used to represent the population.