Aspiration pneumonia refers to pneumonia caused by accidental inhalation (aspiration) of food, drink, or vomit into the lungs. Swallowing difficulties, or conditions such as alcohol intoxication, confusion, or decreased mental alertness, may lead to aspiration pneumonia.
Karyotype is a test to identify and evaluate the size, shape, and number of chromosomes in a sample of body cells. Extra or missing chromosomes, or abnormal positions of chromosome pieces, can cause problems with a person's growth, development, and body functions.
A karyotype also confirms biological gender: Two X chromosomes signify female; an X and a Y chromosome signify male. Beyond this basic information, a cytogeneticist can use a karyotype to diagnose any syndrome or condition that's caused by having extra or missing chromosomes.