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Ribosomes are made up of two subunits, cleverly referred to as the small subunit and the large subunit. You may also hear them called the 30S and 50S in bacteria or the 40S and 60S in eukaryotes. The small and large subunits join together to make 70S or 80S, respectively. Ribosomes really have two tasks: decode messenger RNA (mRNA) and synthesize proteins. The decoding function is performed by the small subunit and the protein synthesis part is performed by the large subunit. Talking to my scientist friends, I would call the ribosome a ribonucleoprotein complex, or RNP.
They are complexes of proteins and three (prokaryotes) or four (eukaryotes) rRNA molecules called subunits. The main function of ribosomes is as the site of mRNA translation; once the two subunits are joined by the mRNA from the nucleus, the ribosome translates mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids.There are two types of Ribosomes: free and bound.he main function of ribosomes is as the site of mRNA translation; once the two subunits are joined by the mRNA from the nucleus, the ribosome translates mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids.