An employee by the name of Willie Griggs decided to file a lawsuit on behalf of himself and twelve other employees against Duke Power Company. Griggs' claim was that the diploma requirements and the intelligence tests were used as an intent to discriminate against black employees and were against the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Ammonia solutions are used to clean, bleach, and deodorize; to etch aluminum; to saponify (hydolyze) oils and fats; and in chemical manufacture. The ammonia sold for household use is a dilute water solution of ammonia in which ammonium hydroxide is the active cleansing agent.
Free ammonia is a chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. Technically ammonia in water is called Ammonium hydroxide. In the aquarium hobby the term ammonia also refers to an ionized form called ammonium (NH4+). These are held in equilibrium in the water [Citation needed]. 'Total ammonia' (TA) or 'Total ammonia nitrogen' (TAN) refers to the total concentration of both NH3 and NH4+ in the aquarium water.