Occasionally, the atlantooccipital membrane may be partially ossified, resulting in an apparent bone fragment posterior to the superior articular process. This should not be confused with a fracture of the atlas or occipital condyle (Figs. 8A and 8B).
Belinda Childs, MN, ARNP, BC-ADM, CDE, responds. Skin abscesses, also known as boils, are more common in people with uncontrolled diabetes. They are usually caused by bacteria, typically Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus, but the abscesses can also be caused by other bacteria.
Various red hot spots are caused by friction or pressure. These may also turn into blisters, corns or calluses. (6) Cracks, Sores and Ulcers. These are caused by dry or irritated skin, decrease in circulation, or abnormal pressure which is the most common cause of ulceration of the diabetic foot.