There are two types of indicators of environmental impact: means-based, which is based on the farmer's production methods, and effect-based, which is the impact that farming methods have on the farming system or on emissions to the environment.
Cultural criticism, or cultural studies, is related to New Historicism but with a particular and cross-disciplinary emphasis on taking seriously those works traditionally marginalized by the aesthetic ideology of white European males.
Gender Criticism: This approach âexamines how sexual identity influences the creation and reception of literary works.â Originally an offshoot of feminist movements, gender criticism today includes a number of approaches, including the so-called âmasculinistâ approach recently advocated by poet Robert Bly.