RESULTS: A total of 2144 patients were reviewed, and 74 were found to have dural tears occurring during or before surgery. Incidental durotomy occurred at the time of surgery in 66 patients (3.1% overall incidence).Incidence varied according to the specific procedure performed but was highest in the group that underwent revision surgery.ncidental durotomy occurred at the time of surgery in 66 patients (3.1% overall incidence). Incidence varied according to the specific procedure performed but was highest in the group that underwent revision surgery.
âGDP is a flawed measure of human welfareâ. GDP has always been a measure of output, not of welfare. Using current prices, it measures the value of goods and services produced for final consumption, private and public, present and future.n a recent paper submitted as evidence to the LSEâs Growth Commission, I consider three common criticisms of GDP as a target of policy and explain why I think they are wrong (Oulton, 2012a): 1  The first criticism is that GDP is hopelessly flawed as a measure of human welfare.
Suppose the economy experiences an output gap whereby equilibrium GDP = 8800 and Potential GDP = 9000. This is a recessionary gap, because the equilibrium GDP is less than the Potential GDP. Our desire is to close the gap, and in order to do so, we will chose some type of fiscal policy.That is, we will either change taxes or government spending in order to close this recessionary gap of 200.ur desire is to close the gap, and in order to do so, we will chose some type of fiscal policy. That is, we will either change taxes or government spending in order to close this recessionary gap of 200.