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Ribosomes are made up of two subunits, cleverly referred to as the small subunit and the large subunit. You may also hear them called the 30S and 50S in bacteria or the 40S and 60S in eukaryotes. The small and large subunits join together to make 70S or 80S, respectively. Ribosomes really have two tasks: decode messenger RNA (mRNA) and synthesize proteins. The decoding function is performed by the small subunit and the protein synthesis part is performed by the large subunit. Talking to my scientist friends, I would call the ribosome a ribonucleoprotein complex, or RNP.
Ribosomes are like tiny factories in the cell. They make proteins that perform all sorts of functions for the cell's operation. Where are ribosomes located inside the cell? Ribosomes are either located in the liquid inside the cell called the cytoplasm or attached to the membrane. They can be found in both prokaryote (bacteria) and eukaryote (animals and plants) cells. Organelle. Ribosomes are a type of organelle. Organelles are structures that perform specific functions for the cell. The ribosome's job is to make proteins. Other organelles include the nucleus and the mitochondria. Ribosome Structure. The ribosome has two main components called the large subunit and the small subunit.