Groups are determined by PRECIPITIN test, serologic test to measure a specific reaction between antigen (C carbohydrate, located in the cell wall) and antibody which results in a visible precipitate. Group A Streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) is among the most important human pathogens.
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PWS is caused by a lack of active genetic material in a particular region of chromosome 15 (15q11-q13). Normally, individuals inherit one copy of chromosome 15 from their mother and one from their father. The genes in the PWS region are normally only active on the chromosome that came from the father.