RESULTS: A total of 2144 patients were reviewed, and 74 were found to have dural tears occurring during or before surgery. Incidental durotomy occurred at the time of surgery in 66 patients (3.1% overall incidence).Incidence varied according to the specific procedure performed but was highest in the group that underwent revision surgery.ncidental durotomy occurred at the time of surgery in 66 patients (3.1% overall incidence). Incidence varied according to the specific procedure performed but was highest in the group that underwent revision surgery.
âGDP is a flawed measure of human welfareâ. GDP has always been a measure of output, not of welfare. Using current prices, it measures the value of goods and services produced for final consumption, private and public, present and future.n a recent paper submitted as evidence to the LSEâs Growth Commission, I consider three common criticisms of GDP as a target of policy and explain why I think they are wrong (Oulton, 2012a): 1  The first criticism is that GDP is hopelessly flawed as a measure of human welfare.
Politicians sometimes argue that fighting climate change is bad for the economy. But climate change itself is bad for the economy. Investing in climate resilience is not only a national security priority, but an enormous economic opportunity. The share of national GDP at risk from climate change exceeds $1.5 trillion in the 301 major cities around the world. Including the impact of human pandemics â which are likely to become more severe as the planet warms â the figure increases to nearly $2.2 trillion in economic output at risk through 2025. Climate change is also a critical geostrategic issue.