Atropine degrades slowly, typically wearing off in 7 to 14 days, so it is generally used as a therapeutic mydriatic, whereas tropicamide (a shorter-acting cholinergic antagonist) or phenylephrine (an Î±-adrenergic agonist) is preferred as an aid to ophthalmic examination.
Read More. The normal ammonia range is 10â47 Î¼mol/L. High ammonia levels and signs of hepatic encephalopathy is a worsening of brain function that occurs when the liver is no longer able to remove toxic substances in the blood due to cirrhosis. Symptoms may be mild at first.
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measures the amount of urea nitrogen in bloodstream. Urea is formed in liver as the end product of protein metabolism and digestion. Urea is transported to the kidneys for excretion.A normal range for blood urea nitrogen is generally 8 to 24 mg/dl for adult males and 6 to 21 mg/dl for females.Generally, a high blood urea nitrogen level means that the kidneys are not performing well, particularly if the result is above 50mg/dl.But, an elevated blood urea nitrogen may be due to urinary tract obstruction, congestive heart failure, certain medicines, fever, etc.enerally, a high blood urea nitrogen level means that the kidneys are not performing well, particularly if the result is above 50mg/dl. But, an elevated blood urea nitrogen may be due to urinary tract obstruction, congestive heart failure, certain medicines, fever, etc.