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Glucose on the sugar side chains of proteins keeps unfolded proteins in the ER. Mannoses on sugar side chains act as a timer for protein folding. Unfolded proteins in the ER are threaded through a retrotranslocon into the cytosol where they are ubiquitylated and digested. IRE1, ATF6 and PERK sense the amount of unfolded protein and generates several responses to reduce the effects and amount of unfolded protein.
The proteins are packaged into vesicles for transport to the lysosomes. The protein will be modified with the addition of a monosaccharide. The protein will be sent to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum to be sorted for its final destination. The protein is folded, then packaged for transport to the Golgi apparatus.