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Esophageal cancer can also spread to the lungs, liver, stomach, and other parts of the body. There are two major types of esophageal cancer: 1  Squamous cell carcinoma. 2  This type of esophageal cancer starts in squamous cells that line the esophagus. 3  It usually develops in the upper and middle part of the esophagus.
Here is a list of structures to become familiar with: 1  Mouth and Nose- these are the openings where respiratory gases enter and leave the body. 2  Trachea (windpipe)- this passage way connects the mouth and nose to the lungs. 3  Lungs- these are the balloon-like structures that temporarily hold air in the body. Bronchial tube- the trachea breaks up into these smaller tubes to enter the right and left lungs. Bronchioles- within the lungs the bronchi split into these even smaller tubes which attach to the alveoli. Alveoli- these are the small sac-like structures where gas exchange occurs with the blood.