In sociology and psychology, some definitions include only consciously malignant forms of discrimination. Some definitions of racism also include discriminatory behaviors and beliefs based on cultural, national, ethnic, caste, or religious stereotypes.
A cell is much, much larger than an atom. A typical animal cell might be 10,000 times as wide, long, and tall as a typical atom, or about 1 trillion times the volume of an atom. Another way to arrive at this answer is to consider the fact that cells are made up of atoms, so the atoms must therefore be smaller.
On smaller scales than that, the quantum rules that govern individual particles start to become important. Single atoms, with electrons orbiting a nucleus, come in at about the size of an Angstrom: 10-10 meters. The atomic nucleus itself, made up of protons and neutrons, is 100,000 times smaller than the atoms in which they are found: a scale of 10-15 meters. Within each individual proton or neutron, quarks and gluons reside. While molecules, atoms, and nuclei all have sizes associated with them, the fundamental particles theyâre made out of â quarks, gluons, and electrons â are truly point-like. The quarks, antiquarks, and gluons of the standard model have a color charge, in addition to all the other properties like mass and electric charge.