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Esophageal cancer can also spread to the lungs, liver, stomach, and other parts of the body. There are two major types of esophageal cancer: 1  Squamous cell carcinoma. 2  This type of esophageal cancer starts in squamous cells that line the esophagus. 3  It usually develops in the upper and middle part of the esophagus.
Esophagus (or esophageal) cancer starts in the esophagus. To understand this type of cancer, it helps to know about the normal esophagus and what it does. The esophagus The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. It is behind the windpipe (trachea) and in front of the spine.he lower part of the esophagus connects to the stomach at an area called the gastroesophageal (GE) junction. Here, a sphincter muscle opens to allow food to enter the stomach. This muscle also closes when a person is not eating to keep stomach acid and juices from backing up into the esophagus.