RESULTS: A total of 2144 patients were reviewed, and 74 were found to have dural tears occurring during or before surgery. Incidental durotomy occurred at the time of surgery in 66 patients (3.1% overall incidence).Incidence varied according to the specific procedure performed but was highest in the group that underwent revision surgery.ncidental durotomy occurred at the time of surgery in 66 patients (3.1% overall incidence). Incidence varied according to the specific procedure performed but was highest in the group that underwent revision surgery.
âGDP is a flawed measure of human welfareâ. GDP has always been a measure of output, not of welfare. Using current prices, it measures the value of goods and services produced for final consumption, private and public, present and future.n a recent paper submitted as evidence to the LSEâs Growth Commission, I consider three common criticisms of GDP as a target of policy and explain why I think they are wrong (Oulton, 2012a): 1  The first criticism is that GDP is hopelessly flawed as a measure of human welfare.
The consequence of a negative GDP gap is that what is not produced -- the amount represented by the gap--- is lost forever.Moreover, to the extent that this lost production represents capital goods, the potential production for the future is impaired. GDP gap is the difference between actual GDP and potential GDP. The calculation of the GDP gap is actual output minus potential output.